Zehdenick Monastery

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Zehdenick Cistercian Convent
Zehdenick Monastery, north wing with cloister
Zehdenick Monastery, north wing with cloister
location Germany
Brandenburg
Lies in the diocese Diocese of Brandenburg
Coordinates: 52 ° 58 '39.4 "  N , 13 ° 20' 16.3"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 58 '39.4 "  N , 13 ° 20' 16.3"  E
Patronage St. Mary / St. George / St. cross
founding year 1250/1252
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1541

The Zehdenick monastery was a monastery founded around 1250 for Cistercian women in Zehdenick . After almost 300 years, it was converted into a Protestant women's monastery in 1541 as part of the introduction of the Reformation . The buildings were completely destroyed in the Thirty Years War . The structures that have been preserved now house ecclesiastical and cultural institutions.

Founding legend

A certificate of incorporation has not been received. Therefore, the exact year of foundation is not certain, and the original equipment of the monastery is also unknown. In general, the document situation on the history of ownership is very bad. Pope Alexander IV confirmed the foundation in 1254.

According to a legend handed down by the Brandenburg chronicler Andreas Angelus in 1598 (reproduced in Riedel, Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, A XIII, Document XLIV (44), p. 160), the monastery is said to have been founded in 1250 at the site of a sacrament of the host . According to this legend, in 1249 an innkeeper buried a consecrated wafer pressed in wax on her beer barrel in the cellar in order to increase the beer consumption of her guests with God's help. Driven by remorse, she revealed herself to a priest, who then had the wafer dug up again. Bloody earth was found in several places, which was dug up and placed in a vessel on the altar of the church. A chapel was built at the site of the find, which Zehdenicker Kapellenstrasse is still reminiscent of today. This blood miracle of Zehdenick then drew many pilgrims to the city, Zehdenick became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims were Bishop Rutger of Brandenburg and the Brandenburg Margrave Otto III. and Johann I as well as her sister Mechthild, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . The Brandenburg margraves and their sister founded the monastery on the one hand due to the increasing flow of pilgrims, on the other hand, certainly also because of strategic aspects to secure the Ascanian sphere of influence in the newly acquired Uckermark . There is probably a real core to the founding legend, because when the monastery was abolished in 1541, the electoral visitors demanded the surrender of a vessel in which the holy blood is said to have been kept.

The monastery was first consecrated to Saint Mary and Saint George ( beate Mariae virginis ac Sancti Georgii ), in 1409 the name of the Holy Cross ( sanctae crucis ) appeared in a letter from the antipope Alexander V. The monastery belonged to the Cistercian order, but was not incorporated into the order structures. Interestingly, the monastery is referred to in a document from 1348 as "ordinis Sancti Benedicti".

history

Mother Superior's House

The monastery initially consisted of twelve nuns who were able to move into the dormitory , which was completed in 1252 . In 1254 Pope Alexander IV confirmed the monastery. Further building activity was financially supported in 1255 by letters of indulgence from Bishop Otto von Brandenburg and in 1287 by an indulgence from Magdeburg Archbishop Erich von Brandenburg for all believers who visited the Zehdenick monastery church and / or did their charity. In 1289, Bishop Heidenreich confirmed to the provost of the monastery the right of synod over the villages belonging to the monastery. Synodal law had already been granted to the monastery by his predecessor Otto. Like many other Cistercian monasteries, Zehdenick also became wealthy over time and until the Reformation had 16 villages and two deserted landmarks in sole ownership and partial ownership in two other villages. The monastery also had fishing rights in various lakes.

  • Ahrensfelde (municipality in the district of Barnim ). The monastery had unspecified uplifts here, which were demanded by the Zehdenick office in 1590.
  • Barsikow (today part of the city of Wusterhausen / Dosse , district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin ). The monastery had church patronage in the village in 1541 (fiscal in the 19th century).
  • Beiersdorf (part of the Beiersdorf-Freudenberg community ). Already before 1375 the Zehdenick monastery had the lifting of 5 hooves here, which later passed to the Zehdenick office.
  • Bag . The village was deserted as early as 1375. It came into the possession of the Glutzer family in 1376 from the von Barsdorf family, who first sold the Feldmark in 1387 for repurchase, then in 1393 finally to the Zehdenick monastery. In 1404 the monastery sold the Trift to the farmers of Röddelin via the Feldmark Beutel. In 1558 Röddelin came first as a deposit, then finally in 1577 to von Trott in Himmelpfort and thus to the rule of Badingen and Himmelpfort.
  • Dallgow (today Dallgow-Döberitz , Havelland district ). In 1359 Margrave Ludwig I gave the monastery 4 hooves, the so-called Wegershufen in the village of Dallgow. In 1419 the monastery sold five Freihufen in Dallgow and other cereal ducks in Dyrotz and Fahrland for a total of forty shock Bohemian groschen to the Bishop of Brandenburg and the Cathedral Chapter in Brandenburg. Four hooves in Dallgow earn 8 Schoeffels of rye and 8 Schoeffels of oats each year, one hoof earns twelve Schoeffels of rye and twelve Schöffel oats.
  • Densow . The village was desolate as early as 1375. From the von Barsdorf family it came into the possession of the Glutzer family in 1376, who first sold the Feldmark in 1387 for repurchase, then in 1393 finally to the monastery. In 1558 the Feldmark came first as a deposit, then in 1577 finally to the von Trott in Himmelpfort and thus to the rule of Badingen and Himmelpfort.
  • Dyrotz (today part of the municipality of Wustermark , Havelland district ). From 1265 to 1419 the monastery received income from Dyrotz. In 1419 the monastery sold five Freihufen and other cereal ducks in Dyrotz, Dallgow and Fahrland for a total of forty shock Bohemian groschen to the Bishop of Brandenburg and the Cathedral Chapter in Brandenburg. In Dyrotz it was a wisp of oats that the jug made. According to the Brandenburg monastery book , the monastery is also said to have had the patronage of the church (not according to the historical local dictionary!)
  • Fahrland . According to the Brandenburg monastery book , the monastery is said to have had the patronage of the church in Fahrland (not according to the historical local dictionary!). In 1419 the monastery sold five Freihufen and other cereal ducks in Dyrotz, Dallgow and Fahrland for forty shock Bohemian groschen to the Bishop of Brandenburg and the cathedral chapter in Brandenburg. The one hoof in Fahrland that Dyderik van Stechgow had under the plow pinned a wispel of oats annually.
  • Falkenthal (now part of the community of Löwenberger Land). The time of acquisition is not known. It was assigned to the office of Zehdenick in 1541.
  • Gandenitz (today part of the city of Templin). The monastery later the Amt Zehdenick had the right of patronage here until 1715.
  • Germendorf ( Quadengermendorf ) (today part of the city of Oranienburg ). Until 1448 the place belonged to the castle or castle Bötzow, which later became Oranienburg. So it must have come to the Zehdenick monastery before 1450. In 1652 he was assigned to the Oranienburg office.
  • Görlsdorf (from around 1400 desert Feldmark, today part of Hammelspring and Röddelin). The Große Lankesee and the Kuhwallsee had belonged to the monastery since 1309. In 1375 the village was still inhabited. Presumably it was destroyed around 1400 and not rebuilt. The field mark of the village must have come to the Zehdenick monastery after 1500, because in 1560 the Zehdenick office received taxes from the farmers of Hammelspring. As late as 1590, the Görlsdorf field mark was part of the so-called Zehdenicker Klosterheide.
  • Großmutz (part of the community of Löwenberger Land). Counts Guntherus, Olricus, Adolfus and Borchardus von Lindow-Ruppin sold the village "Wendisch Mutz" to the Zehdenick monastery in 1323. In the same year Otto von Redern left his attacks in Großmutz to the Zehdenick monastery. The courts initially remained with the counts, later with the Alt Ruppin office . In 1551 it came with the other monastery estates to the office of Zehdenick. In 1671 it was reclassified from the Zehdenick office to the Oranienburg office.
  • Groß Schönebeck (today part of the community Schorfheide , district Barnim). Even before 1452 the monastery came into possession of the levy of 42 Hufen (out of a total of 64 Hufen) in Groß Schönebeck. In 1452 Margrave Friedrich II confirmed this possession. The courts, the right of patronage, the Bede and the carriage services, however, belonged to the margrave and later to the electoral office of Liebenwalde . In 1541 the property came to the Zehdenick office, and in 1590 to the Liebenwalde office.
  • Großwoltersdorf (municipality in the Oberhavel district). The village belonged to the Lindow Monastery until 1502 . Before 1525 it went to the Zehdenick monastery and then in 1551 to the Zehdenick office.
  • Gutengermendorf . Gutengermendorf belonged to the Ruppin rule and later to the Ruppin office. The Zehdenick Monastery (or later the Zehdenick Office) was the landlord here and had patronage over the church until 1664. This right passed to the Liebenberg rule in 1664 .
  • Hammelspring (today part of the city of Templin). The Zehdenick rule was entitled to serve the farmers. The village belonged to the Zehdenick monastery before 1375.
  • Hindenburg (today part of the city of Templin). The acquisition of the village by the monastery is not documented, but it was probably already in the Middle Ages. Excepted from this were the services of the peasants, which had to be performed at Zehdenick Castle since 1368 at the latest. With the secularization of the monastery in 1541, all rights were combined (1551 at the latest).
  • Klein-Mutz (today part of the city of Zehdenik). In 1288 the Brandenburg margraves Otto IV and Konrad confirmed the transfer of 16 Hufen land by Thethardus de Wozstrow to the Zehdenick monastery. Later, the entire village was owned by the monastery with the exception of the services of the farmers who had to be performed at the castle or castle Zehdenick.
  • Klosterwalde (today part of the city of Templin). The village was owned by the monastery even before 1375. In the village all dues went to the monastery with the exception of the bede that H. Romer was allowed to collect.
  • Krewelin (today part of the city of Zehdenick). In 1318 a goose at Putlitz was enfeoffed with a yard and the church in Krewelin. Even before 1438, the farmers had to do their services at Zehdenick Castle. The village itself had also come to the Zehdenick monastery before 1438. In 1452 Margrave Friedrich II confirmed this possession.
  • Liebenwalde (municipality in the Oberhavel district). According to the Brandenburg monastery book , the Zehdenick monastery had a logging and fishing here (not mentioned in the HOL).
  • Lindenberg (today part of the municipality of Ahrensfelde , district of Barnim). The monastery had already acquired the village of Lindenberg before 1375, with the exception of the services and lease. In 1452, Elector Friedrich allowed the convent and provost of the monastery to sell annuities in the village of Lindenberg for repurchase. 1685 the place was assigned to the office Biesenthal .
  • Manker (district of Fehrbellin ). In 1491 the monastery in Manker had heirs of 1 bushel of heirs and received monetary interest of 40 shillings.
  • Nassenheide (now part of the community of Löwenberger Land). In 1428, Margrave Johann assigned the village of Nassenheide to the Zehdenick monastery, with the exception of the services that went to the Neue Mühle. The services of the peasants were to be performed (at least later) at Bötzow Castle. In 1437, Margrave Friedrich II released the residents of the village of Nassenheide from all duties for the period of reconstruction (10 years). From 1541 the village was administered by the Zehdenick Office. In 1652 the village came to the Oranienburg office.
  • ? Neulögow (now part of the town of Gransee). The village of Neulögow was robbed and destroyed by Mecklenburg troops in 1421. It was not rebuilt. The desert Feldmark was owned by the Zehdenick office in 1590. How and when it came into its possession is unclear. It could have been owned by the Zehdenick monastery.
  • Polzow ( Boltze ) (desert, village place was northwest of the Kleiner Wentowsee ). The monastery acquired this village in 1393 from a previous owner from the east . The village was probably desolate as early as 1393. The Feldmark remained in the possession of the Zehdenick Monastery until 1541.
  • Röddelin (today part of the city of Templin). The village was acquired by the monastery in 1384. In 1558 Röddelin came first as a deposit, then finally in 1577 to the von Trott and the rule Badingen and Himmelpfort.
  • Schwanebeck (now part of the Panketal community , Barnim district ). In 1257 the margraves Johann I and Otto III united . the monastery two hooves land in the village of Schwanebeck.
  • Segeletz (today a district of the city of Wusterhausen / Dosse in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district ). In 1541 the Zehdenick monastery had the church patronage in Segeletz.
  • Wesendorf . The village was owned by von Barsdorf until 1452 , who sold it to the Zehdenick monastery that year. However, the farmers' services had to be performed at the Zehdenick castle or palace.
  • Woltersdorf (part of the municipality of Mühlenbecker Land ). According to the Brandenburg Monastery Book (map, p. 1332), the Zehdenick monastery is said to have had the right of patronage to the church here. This seems very unlikely. The village fell into desolation early on and the Feldmark was owned by the Lehnin Monastery until 1542 . The village, newly built in the 16th century, had no church. It could be confused with Großwoltersdorf, which used to be called Woltersdorf (cf. e.g. Bratring, p. 521)
  • Wusterhausen / Dosse . According to the Brandenburg monastery book , the monastery had an altarpiece on the altar of John the Baptist in Wusterhausen / Dosse.
  • Zehdenick . In the town of Zehdenick, the monastery had the right of patronage over the castle chapel, as well as over 2 altars in the town's Marienkirche and 2 altars in the Georgen chapel. Since 1281 they received an annual rate of 4 wispels of grain (1326: 2½ wispels) from the town mill of Zehdenick; the transfer of ownership was confirmed by the margraves Otto IV and Konrad I. In 1340 they bought the mill from Brandenburg Margrave Ludwig I for 100 Marks of Brandenburg silver. In 1452, Margrave Friedrich II confirmed the interest on four wispels of grain that had been given to the monastery of the mill in Zehdenick by the Lords of Stettin.

In 1348, Margrave Ludwig I transferred several lakes to the monastery for 36 Mark Brandenburg silver:

In the same year Count Otto von Fürstenberg left half of the Tornowsee (today Großer Wentowsee) to the monastery . In 1409, antipope Alexander V took the Zehdenick monastery under his special protection.

In April / May 1541, when the Reformation reached the Mark Brandenburg, the monastery was converted into a noble fräuleinstift , into which women could enter without taking vows . The electoral visitors found 50 nuns. The property passed into the hands of the sovereigns, who first handed over the monastery property to his court marshal Adam von Trott as "caretaker and captain". In 1551 the elector demanded that the monastery be returned. In return, Adam von Trott received the goods of the secularized Himmelpfort monastery, initially as bailiff of the elector, and then inherited in 1557. The Zehdenick monastery estates have now been transferred to the Zehdenick Office for administration. The electoral, later royal office of Zehdenick also decided who was accepted into the monastery and took over the maintenance of the canonesses.

The monastery buildings were largely destroyed during the Thirty Years War. Only the outer walls of the dormitory, north and west wings, parts of the cloister and the monastery barn , originally the hospital, school and pilgrims' hostel, have survived to this day. The church was rebuilt in 1768, but burned down by lightning in 1801 and was then removed down to the remains of the outer wall. There were always about seven women living in the monastery, for whom curiae were established in the north wing . The monastery existed until 1945 and after the Second World War in 1946 it was subordinated to the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg. Today it is administered by the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia and offers living space for people close to the church.

Todays use

Various facilities for community work and culture are housed in the rooms of the monastery:

  • In the north wing there are two vaulted halls with a copy of the Zehdenick altar cloth (the original is kept in the Märkisches Museum , Berlin, inv. No .: III 57.33 K)
  • a family and marriage counseling center
  • the Zehdenick member association of the Evangelical Trumpet Service in Germany
  • The Brandenburg-North Cultural Landscape Association operates a gallery in the Klosterscheune

literature

chronologically ascending
  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XIII. Band, Die Uckermark: Lychen, Zehdenik, Templin, Angermünde, Chorin Monastery; Uckermark documents. Reimer, Berlin 1857 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated CDB A XIII with the corresponding certificate number).
  • Gustav Abb , ( Gottfried Wentz ): The Diocese of Brandenburg. 1st part . In: The Diocese of Brandenburg (= Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for German History (Hrsg.): Germania Sacra . 1st department. 1st volume). 2 volumes, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig 1929, DNB 365348651 , II. Donors and monasteries of the diocese in the area of ​​the Kurmark Brandenburg. The Cistercian nunnery in Zehdenick, pp. 336–349 ( full text in res doctae ).
  • Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitized in Potsdam University Library ).
  • Lieselott Enders (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Ruppin. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part II; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 7). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1970 (gives a reprint from 2011).
  • Lieselott Enders (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part III; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 11). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972 (gives a reprint from 2011).
  • Lieselott Enders (editing), Margot Beck (collaboration): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Barnim. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part VI; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 16). Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1980 (gives a reprint from 2011).
  • Lieselott Enders (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Uckermark. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part VIII; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 21). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1986, ISBN 3-7400-0042-2 (gives a reprint from 2012).
  • Reinhard E. Fischer (co-authors: Elzbieta Foster, Klaus Müller, Gerhard Schlimpert , Sophie Wauer, Cornelia Willich): Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 (in the following abbreviated to Fischer et al., Names of waters with the corresponding page number)
  • Annette Kugler (main author), Marcus Cante (archeology, building history): Brandenburg monastery book. Volume II . In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich and others (eds.): Brandenburgisches Klosterbuch. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century . 2 volumes, Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , Zehdenick. Cistercian Sisters, pp. 1325–1337.

Web links

Commons : Kloster Zehdenick  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

annotation

  1. ↑ The villages of the Zehdenick monastery were not described in the land book of Emperor Charles IV , but only if they were partially owned by the monastery.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annette Kugler: Brandenburg monastery book. Volume II . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , Zehdenick. Cistercian women. 2. Historical outline. 2.1 History of the monastery and monastery, pp. 1325–1326.
  2. ^ Annette Kugler: Brandenburg monastery book. Volume II . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , Zehdenick. Cistercian women. 2. Historical outline. 2.2 Re-use, later fate (church, building, complex), pp. 1325–1326.
  3. ↑ a b CDB A XIII, No. 44, p. 160.
  4. ↑ a b CDB A XIII, No. 12, p. 134.
  5. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 4, pp. 129/30.
  6. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 6, p. 130.
  7. ↑ a b c CDB A XIII, No. 18, p. 138.
  8. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 8, p. 132.
  9. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 9, p. 132.
  10. ↑ a b c d CDB A XIII, No. 28, p. 146.
  11. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 5, p. 130.
  12. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 27, pp. 145/6.
  13. ^ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history. 4th volume, Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books , p. 121
  14. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 21, pp. 141/2.
  15. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 23, pp. 142/3.
  16. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 1, p. 128.
  17. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: The Graffschaft Ruppin in historical, static and geographical terms. Gottfried Hayn, Berlin 1799 Online at Google Books , p. 521
  18. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 3, p. 129.
  19. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 11, p. 133.
  20. ↑ Fischer et al., Names of waters, p. 56.
  21. ↑ Fischer et al., Names of waters, p. 239.
  22. ↑ Fischer et al., Names of waters, p. 119.
  23. ↑ Fischer et al., Names of waters, p. 87.
  24. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 13, pp. 134/5.
  25. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 16, pp. 136/7.
  26. ↑ Stiftskapitel Kloster Zehdenick (Ed.): A. Demke: Zisterzienserinnen-Kloster Zehdenick , leaflet May 2008