Himmelpfort Monastery

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Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort
Ruin of the nave of the monastery church
Ruin of the nave of the monastery church
location Germany ,
Brandenburg
Lies in the diocese former diocese of Brandenburg
Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '41 "  N , 13 ° 13' 47.2"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '41 "  N , 13 ° 13' 47.2"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		694
Patronage St. Mary
founding year 1299
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1541
Mother monastery Lehnin Monastery
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

The Himmelpfort monastery ( Latin coeli porta ) was a monastery for monks of the Cistercian order in the Uckermark . The convent buildings were in Himmelpfort , today part of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel , between Stolpsee and Haussee . The monastery church , a farm building called a brewery and the monastery wall have been partially preserved as ruins and are protected as architectural monuments.

The monastery was founded in 1299 by Margrave Albrecht III. Donated by Brandenburg and built up as a subsidiary monastery by the Lehnin Monastery . The establishment of the convent did not take place before 1308. The Himmelpfort monastery was located in a poorly productive heathland in the border area between the Mark Brandenburg and Mecklenburg . This initial situation as well as wars, robberies and changing nationalities meant that the monastery never achieved the importance of the Lehnin or Zinna monasteries despite its extensive initial equipment . In 1541 the monastery was secularized and the monastery property was first pledged , later given as inheritance as part of the Badingen and Himmelpfort rule . In 1721 the rulership fell back to the Elector of Brandenburg as a settled fiefdom and from then on was administered as the sovereign office of Badingen . In 1821 the Badingen office was merged with the sovereign office of Zehdenick and dissolved in 1872 as part of the new Prussian district order .

history

prehistory

The monastery was built by the Ascanian margrave Albrecht III. († December 4, 1300), a great-grandson of Albrecht the Bear , founder of the Mark Brandenburg, donated in 1299. Coeli porta , the gate of heaven, was the last monastery to be established by the Ascanians and the third daughter monastery ( filiation ) of the Lehnin monastery .

Albrecht III. was initially co-regent of his cousin Otto IV , from 1284 he left the joint government and withdrew to his part of the Mark Brandenburg, the Land Stargard and the Land Lychen . The original intention of Albrecht III. was certainly the establishment of a house monastery as a burial place for his family in his part of the country. After the death of his two sons this basis became obsolete, but he continued to pursue this goal, also under the impression of the death of his brother in 1298. In the literature, this monastery foundation is often presented as a kind of border security or border protection against Mecklenburg. In relation to his domain, however, the location and area of ​​the new monastery were on the southern edge of his domain. Another reason for choosing the location of the new monastery may have been the almost legendary colonizing reputation of the Cistercians. The land Lychen was for the most part densely forested ("the heather north of Lychen") and sparsely populated. Albrecht III. the settlement of a Cistercian monastery may have hoped for a better development of the Lychen region. With the Wanzka Monastery, founded before 1283, the Land of Stargard almost had its own house monastery.

Basic equipment

The initial furnishing of the Himmelpfort monastery by Margrave Albrecht III. was z. B. Compared to the initial equipment of the Lehnin monastery with six villages, 100 more Hufen Landes, ten mills, several annual surveys and the considerable number of 39 named lakes as well as large forest and heathland areas very generous. Even before the construction, which cannot have started before 1308, further purchases were made, which further improved the material and economic basis of the monastery to be built. Presumably, a different location was originally intended as the location for the monastery, because the village of Stolp, in the vicinity of or on which the Himmelpfort monastery was actually built, was only acquired by the Lehnin (!) Monastery for the Himmelpfort monastery in 1307. Only then can the monastery be built. In addition, when the four villages Bredereiche, Rudow, Stolp and Tangersdorf were bought in 1308 , the abbot and convent of Lehnin acted as buyers on behalf of the Himmelpfort monastery that was to be built. It was not until 1309 that the abbot and convent of Himmelpfort were named for the first time, which means that at that time some of the monks had already moved from Lehnin to Himmelpfort.

In the further course of history, Himmelpfort Monastery did not achieve the large number of acquisitions that Lehnin Monastery achieved in its 350-year history. A number of monastery villages fell into desolation in the middle of the 14th century , and most of the time the monastery did not succeed in repopulating them. A large part of the monastery land was reforested (including in the Himmelpforter Heide ) and the newly created heaths and forests certainly no longer yielded the income, as the villages before the desertification did.

According to the deed of foundation, the initial equipment in the land of Lychen ( in terra nostra Lychen ) included six villages:

  • the village of Kastaven with all its accessories ( Carstauel cum suis pertinentiis )
  • the village of Altthymen ( Magnam Thymen )
  • the village of Neuthymen ( Paruam Thymen ; or a deserted village northeast of Altthymen)
  • a forest called Stolpenbrück ( siluam, que Stolpenbruk dicitur ; probably the area between Stolpsee, Sidowsee and Haussee, west of the Woblitz)
  • a heather and a forest that stretched from Kastavensee to the city of Fürstenberg / Havel (?) ( mericam et siluam, que protenditur a metis campi Carstauel usque Furstenbergk ; probably the area that extends north of the Havel and east of the city of Fürstenberg to about Sidowsee and Kastavensee, in the north to Feldmark Neuthymen and in the west to Feldmark of the village Garlin)
  • the village of Garlin ( uillam Garlin cum merica et distinctionibus suis ; fallen in the 14th century, today Forst Sprenkelheide of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel)
  • the village of Linow ( uillam Lyniczere cum suis pertinentiis ; fallen in the 14th century on the Linowsee )
  • the village of Brüsenwalde ( uillam Brusenwalde cum suis pertinentiis ; fallen desolate in the 14th century, later repopulated )
  • 100 hooves in the villages of Neddemin , Warbende and Flatow in the Lande Stargard ( centum mansos in terra nostra Stargardensi, quos filio nostro charissimo domino Henrico Magnopolensi in uillis uidelicet Nedemin, Werben, Wlotouu commisimus demonstrandos )

The deed of foundation also lists a total of 39 named lakes in and on which the monastery had exclusive rights of use (with only a few exceptions). They can no longer all be identified or the assignment of the entries to today's lakes is controversial. The foundation also included all bodies of water not named in the Lychen region.

A total of nine (or ten or more) mills are named in the deed of foundation that were donated to the monastery or from which the new monastery received royalties:

  • the mill near Neubrandenburg , with four wheels
  • the mill at Nedemin
  • the mill (s) at Brüsenwalde ( item molendina apud uilla Brusenuualde ; molendina = in the plural, therefore very likely two [or more] mills)
  • the mill at Parva Thymen
  • half the mill at Stolp
  • the mill in Lychen and
  • the mill in front of the town of Lychen
  • the mill at Küstrin (today Küstriner Mühle west of Küstrinchen on the Küstriner Bach )
  • from the mill in Fürstenberg: Interest over 30 Schilling Neubrandenburg Pfennig

In addition, all mills that will be built in the future on one of the awarded waters should belong to the Himmelpfort monastery.

Other taxes that had to be paid annually to Himmelpfort Abbey were:

  • 20 shillings from the town of Lychen, which the lawyer Henricus Crouvel had to collect.
  • 3 Schilling interest for a clay pit at Tiefen Wurll (= Wurlsee)
  • 2 schillings for an island or Werder near Lehstsee
  • 15 shillings interest on five hooves in Lychen

In December 1299, Bishop Volrad von Brandenburg approved the donation because the new monastery was in his diocese and needed his approval. 1300 confirmed Albrecht III. the foundation (in abbreviated form) in another document, issued in Soldin, and freed the monastery from all worldly burdens. (Co-) Margrave Hermann gave his approval for the foundation in the same year. Shortly afterwards Albrecht III died. End of November / beginning of December 1300. Heir to the area in the Mark Brandenburg was his nephew Hermann from the Ottonian line of the Ascanians. Albrecht's two sons had already died before the monastery was founded. The daughter Beatrix had been married to the Mecklenburg Prince Heinrich II, known as the Lion (not to be confused with the Saxon ruler Heinrich the Lion ) since 1292 . She had probably received the land of Stargard as a Wittum . Presumably there was also a sales contract between Albrecht and Heinrich for the Land Stargard and also the Land Lychen , because both areas are later in his possession on a loan basis. In a later document it was stated that Heinrich II had not yet paid the purchase price of 3,000  silver marks . Hermann initially did not want to accept this purchase and the renewed enfeoffment of Heinrich, but gave way in 1304 with the Treaty of Vietmannsdorf (also called Wittmannsdorf Treaty ) and enfeoffed Heinrich again with the Land of Stargard. According to the content of this contract, the Land Stargard also included the Land Lychen and thus the area of ​​the future Himmelpfort Monastery.

The German King Albrecht I confirmed the donations from the Brandenburg margrave in 1301. The confirmation of the monastery by the Pope, however, was a long time coming. First Pope Benedict XII. confirmed the foundation in 1336.

First donations (before the construction of the monastery)

In 1304 Heinrich II donated the court at Thymen with all rights and accessories to the monastery. He freed the new property of the monastery from all sovereign burdens. In 1305 Heinrich II confirmed the donation and the foundation of Albrechts and assigned the monastery Himmelpfort which had already been given by Albrecht III. promised 100 Hufen Landes in the Land of Stargard. These include the village of Neddemin with accessories and the mill on the Tollense River ( aquam Tholosa ) as well as the fishing rights in the Tollense to the town of Altentreptow ( Trebethouue ). He also donated the village of Warbende ( Werben ) to the monastery with all accessories and the levies from a farm with 10 hooves in the village of Flatow , which Wilhelm Soneken the elder, knight, had to fief from the donor.

Redekin von Redern sold the villages of Bredereiche , Rudow / Regow , Stolp and Tangersdorf for 900 marks silver ( nongentis marcis argenti Brandenburgensis ) in 1307 and sold the margraves Waldemar and Otto IV. ("The one with the arrow") their rights as liege lords of the v. Speeches in the villages mentioned for 300 marks silver ( trecentis marcis argenti Brandenburgensis ) to the abbot and convent of the Lehnin monastery for the construction of the Himmelpfort monastery. They also sold rights to 5  Wispel rye from the mill between Bredereiche and Redelendorph ( Regelsdorf , now the part of the Bredereiche district west of the Havel) as well as half of the mill at Stolp and half a Wispel rye from the mill at Scherpingsdorp (closed mill , probably located on the river between Grosses Baberowsee and Küstrinsee ). The Scherpingsmühle was also a customs post, that is, the southern border of the Lychen country. They also sold the stagnum Crampiz (probably Großer Kramssee ) and six smaller lakes without names in the vicinity of the Großer Kramssee to the monastery . In 1337, the Brandenburg bishop Ludwig incorporated the parish Bredereiche into the Himmelpfort monastery.

Donations after the establishment of the Convention

In 1309, Margrave Waldemar, also as the guardian of Johann V, sold the mill between Bredereiche and Regelsdorf , on which the monastery already had interest , with all rights for 30 marks of silver from Brandenburg weight to the Himmelpfort monastery, and freed it from all stately Charges. For the farmers of Zootzen , Regelsdorf, Qualzow and Blumenow , there was a compulsory meal in this mill. In the same year Heinrich II. Sold the village of Rutenberg and a talent from the Himmelreichsmühle (location unknown) to the monastery for 100 marks of silver from Brandenburg. In 1317 the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar gave the monastery the villages of Regelsdorf and Zootzen, the lime kiln and 4 Hufen Land in the village of Storkow (now part of the town of Templin ). He also released the monastery from tariffs on salt and millstones. In 1318, Margrave Waldemar signed the village of Sommerfeld over to the monastery as compensation for the damage suffered in the monastery villages in the last war (against Heinrich II). In 1335 the Brandenburg Margrave Ludwig sold the village of Storkow with the Bede , the meadows in the swamp ( graminibus in palude ), called the Lion Bridge ( Louuenbruck ) and the Krempsee ( stagnum Krempi ; between Storkow and Baßdorf) to the Himmelpfort monastery for 110 Mark Brandenburg silver . In 1330 Dietrich von Kerkow sold the Platkowsee to the monastery for 17 pounds of Brandenburg pfennig and 22 marks of Brandenburg silver. His liege, Margrave Ludwig , gave his consent.

Otto and Henning Kratz and Otto von Ellingen testified in 1336 that Mathilde, the sister of their mother and widow of the knight Ludolf von Nauen, and their two sons Ludolf and Niklas gave the Himmelpfort monastery the upper court of the village of Storkow and half of the Fliess there for 17 marks Have sold silver. In 1342 Ludwig Schenk von Neindorf , Bishop of Brandenburg, transferred the elevation of the bishop's tenth to the monastery in the villages of Storkow, Rudow, Tangersdorf, Regelsdorf, Zootzen, Sommerfeld, Brüsenwalde, Rutenberg, Linow, Karstaven, Kleinthymen and Garlin. Stolp and (Alt-) Thymen had been converted into monastery courtyards. In 1381 half of the town of Regelsdorf was presumably sold again to Ulrich von Dewitz and Henning Nienkerken.

The property in Krumbeck

In 1313 Albert von Heidebracke donated his farm with 17 hooves in the village of Krumbeck (today a district of the Feldberger Seenlandschaft municipality ) and half of the village of Krumbeck to the Himmelpfort monastery. In 1319 Albert also transferred the other half of the village of Krumbeck with the upper and lower court, with the patronage , the Schulzengericht, the services of five Hufen, as well as a small lake nearby and two islands. As a liege lord of Albert, Heinrich II gave his consent. In 1317 the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar confirmed this donation. It should be noted that at this point in time he had practically no access to the countries of Stargard and Lychen. Presumably the monks from Himmelpfort just wanted to play it safe and also to be documented in the event of another change of ownership. He transferred the villages of Krumbeck and Rutenberg to the monastery. He also confirmed the ownership of the Gensemühle (named after the owner Conradi cum Auca ) and the delivery of 6½ Wispel grain from the mill in Fürstenberg / Havel. Heinrich, the bishop of Havelberg, confirmed in 1319 the transfer of the patronage of the church in Krumbeck to the monastery. In 1352 Arnold Vizten sold 35 Schilling interest to the monastery from the village of Krumbeck. In 1403 the Himmelpfort monastery enfeoffed Wedigo Platen with four desert hooves and four day services in the village of Krumbeck. In 1456 Busso von Dornen sold the upper court in the village of Krumbeck to the monastery.

The city of Fürstenberg and the Himmelpfort monastery

In 1318 the council and citizenship of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel signed a contract with the monastery that they were allowed to reclaim the heath that belonged to the monastery between the Garlin field and the Havel. The monastery received 30  Schillings Brandenburg pfennig annual interest, as well as a talent at Christmas and 10 Schillings during Lent. However, the monastery reserved the feudal sovereignty and the higher court.

In 1358 the monastery sold Feldmark Garlin to Count Otto von Fürstenberg, but only on a loan. There is no longer any question of a village, that is to say, Garlin had been killed in a desolate manner some time before 1358. The monastery apparently failed to repopulate the village.

The city of Lychen and the Himmelpfort monastery

The donation of the mills in front of and in the town of Lychen as well as the fishing in the lakes around the town of Lychen to the monastery gave rise to much dispute between the town of Lychen and the Himmelpfort monastery, which Heinrich II had to compare in 1315. In 1331 the town of Lychen and the Himmelpfort Abbey signed a contract on the details of the fishing rights and the interest of the Schreibermühle and the Küstrinchener Mühle. In 1414, Duke Johann von Mecklenburg had to mediate between the city of Lychen and the Himmelpfort monastery.

The Himmelpfort monastery compared with the town of Lychen in 1320 because of various points of contention; The monastery left three lakes to the city (Stadtsee, Lehstsee and Kleiner Kronsee) as fiefs for 1  pound of wax ( cere ). In 1394 the monastery was robbed by Templin citizens.

In 1416, Duke Johann von Mecklenburg-Stargard donated the fulling mill on the moat in Lychen near the Fürstenberg Gate, which his father had already built, to the Himmelpfort monastery. For this, the monastery should celebrate the memory of its ancestors.

More disputes

The Mahlendorfer farmers destroyed the Scherpingsmühle belonging to the monastery in 1330. The local lord of Mahlendorf, Tydeke von Kerkow, obliged the farmers to "forever" maintain the Scherpingsdamm up to Scherpingswerder and Brüsenwalder Mühle, as well as the Brüsenwalder Damm until the Scherpingsmühle was rebuilt.

Also in 1337, the Johanniter- Komtur Hermann von Wartberg zu Nemerow and the Johanniter-Komtur Heinrich von Wesenberg zu Gardow compared with the Himmelpfort monastery over several lakes ( Großer Köllnsee , Kleiner Köllnsee , Kleiner Kastavensee and the Krummensee ) and entered the monastery from.

Altar donation of the Mecklenburg Duke Johann in the monastery church and the property in Podewall

In 1358 Duke Johann von Mecklenburg-Stargard donated an altar in the church of the Himmelpfort monastery for the salvation of his deceased wife Rixe and his heirs. He gave 12 hooves in the village of Podewall ( Pudwall ) with all taxes and rights. In 1380 the convent of the Broda monastery sold seven hooves, a farm, a windmill and a water mill in the village of Podewall, where the monastery already had some property, for 150 Marks Vinkenauge to the Himmelpfort monastery .

Possessions in Mecklenburg (Warbende, Flatow and Cammin)

Engelke Warburg, knight and his brother Albrecht, servant, had to sell 2 Hufen land to the Himmelpfort monastery in the village of Flatow in 1370. Duke Johann von Mecklenburg as the feudal lord of the two Warburg brothers gave his consent to this sale. The Warburg also borrowed money from the monastery several times. In 1419 Hasso Warburg sold 6 shillings of lease on a farm in Warbende to the monastery. In 1424 Engelke and Albrecht Warburg, father and son, sold land to the monastery 1 Hufe in Warbende for 60 Marks Vinkenauge. In 1430 Lippolt von Beeren, who lived in Röddelin, had to sell a farm with 2 hooves and several leaseholds in the village of Warbende to the monastery. Only one year later the brothers Lippolt, Klaus and Bertram von Beeren sold 11 marks and 5 shillings a year in Warbende. And in the same year the monastery acquired all of their rights , leases, pensions and services in the villages of Warbende and Flatow from the brothers Engelke, Hans and Ekkart Warburg . In 1436, Klaus v. Berries, resident in Mühlenbeck with the consent of his brothers to the monastery two farms and a farm in Warbende. In 1438 Duke Johann von Mecklenburg transferred the village of Flatow to the monastery as a feudal lord of the Warburg. The monastery acquired the last rights and farms in the village of Flatow in 1438 from Henning Warburg for 200 Marks Vinkenauge.

Heinrich Warburg, the son of Achim Warburg, sold a farm called Meyerkreuet to the monastery in 1408 and half a lake near the village of Cammin for 400 marks Vinkenauge. The dukes Johann and Ulrich von Mecklenburg gave their consent as fiefdoms of Warborg.

Himmelpfort Monastery comes back to Brandenburg

After Friedrich I became Margrave of Brandenburg, in 1421 he confirmed all of his rights to Himmelpfort Monastery. At that time it still belonged to Mecklenburg. This could have been an expression of the fact that he had not yet given up the lost lands of Stargard and Lychen. The reason for his son Friedrich II to start the war with Mecklenburg was a dispute over the inheritance of the Werle rulership , the last ruler of which Wilhelm had died in 1436 without male heirs . Although Frederick II was ultimately unable to regain the Land of Stargard, at least he claimed the town of Lychen and the area of ​​the Himmelpfort monastery in the Peace of Wittstock in 1442. The integrity of the state of Lychen was lost because larger parts, the northern part (the Lychener Heide) of the state of Lychen, also remained with Mecklenburg.

Recent acquisitions and decline

In 1409 Hans Holzendorf sold the monastery a lease of 45 groschen and 1 pfennig (8 pfennigs calculated on 1 groschen) of 7 1 ⁄ 2  hooves (from eight farms) in the village of Storkow for 40  Rhenish guilders . In 1430 Henning Falkenberg sold 10 hooves to the monastery in Brusenwalde for 80 Marks Vinkenauge. In 1486 Wedige von Holzdorf sold the monastery a lease of 45 groschen, 1 pfennig and 7 1 ⁄ 2 chickens of 7 1 ⁄ 2  hooves (from eight farms) in the village of Storkow for 33 Rhenish guilders. In 1492 Hans Holzendorf sold the monastery a lease of 24 groschen from a Beuthenheide for 10 Rhenish guilders. And Wedige v. In 1493 Holzendorf sold a lease of 36 Groschen from two Bytom heaths for 15 Rhenish guilders. In 1441 the monastery managed to acquire two thirds of the field marks of the devastated village of Krams and two thirds of half of the Havel, which the brothers Heinrich, Curdt and Vicke sold the Paschedag for 120 Marks Berlin pfennig. In 1443 the monastery was able to acquire the remaining third of Krams and half of the Havel from Otto Barsdorf for 63 Berlin Pfennig marks. As the feudal lord of the Paschdag and Barsdorf, Margrave Friedrich II gave his consent to the sale. In 1466 the monastery bought the fourth part of the village of Canzow (town of Woldegk , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) from Hans von Dorn, who lives in Krumbeck, for 100 marks or 25 Rhenish guilders , but for repurchase.

In the first half of the 15th century, the monastery and the monastery villages suffered from heavy looting, initially under Mecklenburg suzerainty by Brandenburg knights and their followers. Later, under Brandenburg suzerainty, the looters came from Mecklenburg.

Secularization of the monastery and aristocratic rule

The monastery was dissolved in two stages. First, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg , called "Hector," had the valuables of the monastery inventoried in 1536 by Hans von Arnim-Boitzenburg , governor of the Uckermark, and some of them were delivered. In 1541 the monastery was finally secularized as one of the first in the Mark Brandenburg . The monastery property was then pledged to Hans von Arnim by the elector and redeemed again in 1549/50. Jakob Baumann was a monk and porter of the Himmelpfort monastery until 1549 and then became abbot of the Dargun monastery .

From 1551 the court marshal Adam von Trott initially administered the monastery lands as bailiff. Since 1537 he owned the small estate of Badingen. In 1557 he received the possessions of the former monastery as a hereditary fief. His possessions around Badingen and Himmelpfort were now also called Herrschaft Badingen and Himmelpfort . In 1598 the diocese of Brandenburg was secularized and the Badingen rule was also formally a sovereign fiefdom.

In the possession of the King of Prussia

Friedrich Wedige von Trott died on August 4, 1727. As a result, the Brandenburg male line of those from Trott zu Solz died out . King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia , called "the soldier king ," then moved in the rule of Badingen and Himmelpfort as a settled fiefdom and formed the royal office of Badingen from them. In the following period, desolate villages in the official area were repopulated (for example Densow, Retzow, Tangersdorf and Zootzen), farms were built (for example Krams and Kastaven) and colonies were founded (for example Annenwalde). In 1815 the Badingen office was dissolved and its rights and obligations were transferred to the Zehdenick office. The latter was dissolved in 1872; the official duties were taken over by the districts .

Monastery villages

The following table contains those villages that were temporarily or continuously in its possession between the foundation of the Himmelpfort monastery in 1299 and its secularization in 1541. Unless otherwise stated, it is fully owned. Other possessions of the monastery such as waters, individual mills or special rights are not part of the table.

Name of the village Owned since Remarks Today's church
Old thyme 1299 - Fürstenberg / Havel
Bred area 1307 - Fürstenberg / Havel
Brüsenwalde 1299 - Boitzenburger Land
Canzow 1476 temporary partial ownership as pledge Woldegk
Flatow 1305 1299 without location, partial ownership, from 1438 full ownership Möllenbeck (near Neustrelitz)
Garlin 1299 Desolation before 1358 Fürstenberg / Havel
Himmelpfort 1299 after 1299 laid out as the place of the convent building Fürstenberg / Havel
Meygreven farm 1408 - Möllenbeck (near Neustrelitz)
Kastaven 1299 later desolation Fürstenberg / Havel
Stuff 1441 Partial ownership, full ownership from 1443, later desertification Templin (presumably)
Krumbeck 1313 Part ownership, from 1317 full ownership Feldberg lake landscape
Linow 1299 Desertification after 1342 Lychen
Neddemin 1305 1299 without location Neddemin
Neuthymes 1299 - Fürstenberg / Havel
Podewall 1358 Part ownership Trollenhagen
Regelsdorf 1317 Full ownership, from 1381 partial ownership Fürstenberg / Havel
Rudow 1307 Desertification after 1342 Lychen , Fürstenberg / Havel
Rutenberg 1309 Part ownership, from 1317 full ownership Lychen
Summer field 1317 A copy of the document incorrectly mentions 1318 Cramps
Stumble 1307 Desertification before 1342 Fürstenberg / Havel
Storkow 1335 - Templin
Tangersdorf 1307 Desertification after 1342 Lychen
Advertiser 1305 1299 without location, part ownership, later probably full ownership Möllenbeck (near Neustrelitz)
Zootzen 1317 - Fürstenberg / Havel

Building history

Monastery church

The ruins of the monastery church from the northeast with the parish church in the east (1858)
The ruins of the monastery church from the southwest with the parish church in the eastern part (2007)

The Himmelpfort monastery church was the last basilica to be built in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. The plan was based on the brick Gothic style of the mother monastery in Lehnin, which was adopted with restrictions. Compared to Paradies and Chorin , the older daughter monasteries of Lehnin, the Himmelpfort monastery church is an ancient, barren and sometimes primitive church building. The development of Brandenburg architecture in the half century before the establishment of the Himmelpfort monastery seems to have been negated.

“Himmelpfort is the rare example of perfect archaism in German architecture; it should be unique in the brick area. [...] Himmelpfort is a building that seems to have been built in a time that was turned away from life. You think you can feel the ideas that dominated its builders. You may have looked for a stop at the past alone. "

- Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanic architecture. 1961, p. 230.

Only a few sources are available on the history of the Himmelpfort monastery. When the monastery was founded in 1299 by Margrave Albrecht III. The exact location for the erection of the convent buildings does not seem to have been determined yet. When Albrecht died in the following year, he had to be buried provisionally in Lehnin because Himmelpfortgrund as his body designated by grave lay had not yet been built. By 1307 the construction of the monastery was probably in progress. In 1309 the abbot of Himmelpfort appeared independently in documents for the first time. With this, the establishment of the monastery seems to have been completed. Around 1317 there was probably further construction work, as a lime kiln was transferred to the monastery .

The cross-shaped monastery church was built in two phases. The nave , the transept , the sacristy and two presumed chapel extensions belong to the oldest construction phase shortly after 1300. Presumably, the resulting building was completed in the east by an apse , a provisional choir or a provisional chapel. In the middle of the 14th century, a five-sided choir was built there on older foundations. The foundation of an altar in 1358, probably the main altar of the church, probably marked the end of this second construction phase.

The monastery church Himmelpfort could have been built by the construction works of the monastery Chorin. The nave probably consisted of a flat-roofed central nave and two arched side aisles . Two presumed chapel additions to the north and south of the choir bordered the transept in the east. In the south, the transept ended with the outer wall of the aisle. This was probably followed by the sacristy, which was part of the church building and presumably formed the transition to the enclosed cloister building to the south . The location and shape of the sacristy are atypical for late Brandenburg Cistercian buildings such as Himmelpfort and seem to be a return to earlier forms of construction.

The western part of the monastery church has been preserved as a ruin: the central nave consisting of two long walls with four arched arcades each and the western wall with three narrow windows without the upper ends. It shows strikingly archaic forms. According to excavations from 1938, the bottom was originally almost 1 m deeper; the building must therefore have looked much more massive. The crossing and the choir, into which the Protestant parish church was built in 1663, are preserved in a modified form and separated from the western part by a wall . A bell tower was probably built on the foundations of the presumed southern chapel extension in the 17th century , which collapsed at the beginning of the 19th century.

In 1858 the ruins of the western part of the former monastery church were still thatched and used as a barn ; the arcades were walled up or closed with gates.

Brewery

The brewery from the north (1858)
Northwest gable of the ruin of the brewery (2012)

The so-called Brauhaus ( location ) is a building from the late 14th century with a simple, well-structured gable .

As with the monastery church, red brick was used as building material. It is the only at least partially preserved farm building of the monastery. Its exact original destination is unknown.

In 1858 the building was used as a granary . It later served as a residential building. In 1945 the gable on the southeast side collapsed when the neighboring bridge over the Schleusengraben was blown up in the last days of the war . In 2010, a fire caused by arson destroyed the brewery down to the surrounding walls. The restoration of the roof began in 2016, initially with the securing of the gable, which is important for art history.

Monastery wall

A remnant part of the western former wall surrounding the monastery ( location ) has been preserved. This part has remained unchanged in length at least since the beginning of the 19th century. The major part of the surrounding wall must therefore have been removed earlier.

The remains of the wall are made of granite stone . Two brick pillars delimit a passage.

literature

Scientific works:

  • Clemens Bergstedt: Church settlement of the 13th century in the Brandenburg-Mecklenburg border area. (= Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Volume 15). Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-931836-63-0 . (also dissertation Humboldt University Berlin 2001)
  • Ernst Daniel Martin Kirchner: The Cistercian monastery Himmelpforte . In: Association for the history of the Mark Brandenburg (Hrsg.): Märkische research . tape 6 . Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1858, p. 1–102 ( full text in the digital library of the Munich Digitization Center ).
  • Marion Lange: The Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort. A late start-up in the outskirts of the Mark Brandenburg - equipment and economic development . In: Winfried Schich (Ed.): Cistercian monastery economy between the Baltic Sea and the Ore Mountains (=  studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians . Volume 19 ). Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-936872-08-2 , p. 179-300 .
  • Josef Adolf Schmoll called Eisenwerth : The Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur in the Mark Brandenburg 1260-1320 (=  publications of the Berlin Historical Commission at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut of the Free University of Berlin . Volume 2 ). De Gruyter, Berlin 1961, DNB  454416296 , part 3, chapter 3: The end of Askanic architecture: Lehnin's last daughter monastery: Himmelpfort im Lande Lychen, p. 216-232 .

Printed sources:

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. The first main part or the documents = collection for the local and special national history of the thirteenth volume . Reimer, Berlin 1857 ( full text in the Google book search - in this article abbreviated as CDB A XIII with the corresponding certificate number).

Web links

Commons : Kloster Himmelpfort  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b CDB A XIII, No. 1, p. 10.
  2. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer (co-authors: Elzbieta Foster, Klaus Müller, Gerhard Schlimpert , Sophie Wauer, Cornelia Willich): Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , p. 264.
  3. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 2, pp. 10/11.
  4. ↑ a b CDB A XIII, No. 3, pp. 11/12.
  5. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 5, pp. 12/13.
  6. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 28, p. 29.
  7. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 7, p. 14
  8. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents . Main part 1st volume XIII . Berlin 1857, p. 14–16 ( digitized version - no. 8).
  9. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 9 and 11, pp. 16/17.
  10. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 30, p. 30.
  11. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 12, pp. 20/21.
  12. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 13, pp. 20/21.
  13. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 10, pp. 19/20.
  14. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 14, p. 21.
  15. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 15, pp. 21/22.
  16. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 20, pp. 24/25.
  17. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 17, pp. 22/23.
  18. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 18, pp. 23/24.
  19. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 29, pp. 29/30.
  20. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 32, pp. 31/32.
  21. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 37 and 38, pp. 36/37.
  22. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 42, pp. 40/41.
  23. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 44, p. 41.
  24. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 43, p. 41.
  25. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 45, p. 43.
  26. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 48, pp. 44/45.
  27. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 49, p. 45.
  28. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 50, pp. 45/46.
  29. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 40, p. 38.
  30. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 34, p. 34.
  31. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 70, p. 63.
  32. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 73, pp. 65-67.
  33. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 75, p. 68.
  34. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 71, p. 64.
  35. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 76, p. 69.
  36. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 16, p. 22.
  37. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 31, pp. 30/31.
  38. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 33, pp. 32/33.
  39. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 36, pp. 35/36.
  40. ↑ a b CDB A XIII, No. 35, pp. 34/35.
  41. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 51, pp. 46/47.
  42. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 52, pp. 47/48.
  43. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 55, p. 51.
  44. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 56, pp. 51/52.
  45. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 60, p. 55.
  46. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 61, pp. 55/56.
  47. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 62, pp. 56/57.
  48. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 63, p. 57.
  49. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 64, p. 58.
  50. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 66, pp. 59/60.
  51. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 67, pp. 60/61.
  52. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 68, pp. 61/62.
  53. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 84, p. 76.
  54. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 86, p. 78.
  55. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 85, p. 77.
  56. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 90, pp. 80/81.
  57. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 102, pp. 91/92.
  58. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 103, pp. 92/93.
  59. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 104, pp. 93/94.
  60. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 92, pp. 82/83.
  61. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 94, p. 84.
  62. ↑ CDB A XIII, No. 93, p. 83.
  63. ^ Kirchner: Cistercian monastery Himmelpforte. 1858, pp. 4-28.
  64. ↑ Lange: Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort. 2004, pp. 183-219.
  65. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, pp. 231-232.
  66. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, pp. 217-218.
  67. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, pp. 229-230.
  68. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, pp. 219-228.
  69. ^ A b Geographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (ed.): The Rheinsberg-Fürstenberger Seengebiet. Results of the local history inventory in the areas of Zechlin, Rheinsberg, Fürstenberg and Himmelpfort (=  values ​​of our homeland . Volume 25 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974, DNB  750097159 , p. 196-197 .
  70. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, pp. 219-228.
  71. ^ Kirchner: Cistercian monastery Himmelpforte. 1858, p. 99.
  72. ^ Schmoll: Chorin Monastery and the Askanische Architektur. 1961, p. 219.
  73. ↑ Lange: Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort. 2004, pp. 228-229.
  74. ^ Kirchner: Cistercian monastery Himmelpforte. 1858, p. 101.
  75. ↑ Lange: Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort. 2004, p. 228.
  76. ↑ Monastery building destroyed by fire.
  77. ↑ Ulrich Thiessen: Cistercian building saved at the last minute , Märkische Oderzeitung, January 5, 2017.
  78. ↑ Lange: Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort. 2004, p. 229.
  79. ^ Kirchner: Cistercian monastery Himmelpforte. 1858, p. 101.