Himmelpfort

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Himmelpfort
Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '43 "  N , 13 ° 13' 38"  E
Height : 57 m above sea level NHN
Area : 29.66 km²
Residents : 448  (2019)
Population density : 15 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : October 26, 2003
Postal code : 16798
Area code : 033089
Ruins of the monastery church with the parish church in the eastern part
Ruins of the monastery church with the parish church in the eastern part

Himmelpfort ( Latin coeli porta ) is a state-approved resort in the north of Brandenburg and has been part of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel since 2003 . The place was laid out at the beginning of the 14th century for the convent building of the Cistercian monastery Himmelpfort and is known for its Christmas post office . In 2019, 448 people lived in Himmelpfort.

geography

Himmelpfort on a measuring table from the Prussian first recording from 1825

Himmelpfort lies in a forest and lake-rich ice age terminal moraine of the Neustrelitz Kleinseenland , a natural area of the Mecklenburg Lake District . It is part of the historical landscape of the Uckermark . The central location of Himmelpfort is six kilometers from the city center of Fürstenberg and extends on a narrow valley sand threshold that separates the Havel waters from the lakes on the Woblitz . It is located at an altitude of 57 m above sea level. NHN and is surrounded by four interconnected lakes: in the north-west of the Sidowsee , in the north-east of the Moderfitzsee , in the east of the Haussee with the confluence of the Woblitz and in the south and west of the Stolpsee through which the Havel flows .

The area of ​​the district is 29.66 km² and includes the Kastaven , Pian and Woblitz residential areas . Other lakes in the area of ​​the district are the Große Kastavensee , the Kleine Lychensee, the Moddersee, the Oberkastavensee and the Piansee . The forest area of ​​the Himmelpforter Heide extends to the southeast .

Himmelpfort borders in the north on the municipality of Wokuhl-Dabelow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , in the east on the town of Lychen in the district of Uckermark , in the south on the Fürstenberg districts of Bredereiche and Zootzen and on the town of Gransee and in the west on the district-free core area of ​​Fürstenberg.

history

Prehistory and early history

Himmelpfort is located on a well defensible, easily accessible place, where people already settled in prehistory and early history . Between the Moderfitzsee and the Haussee, cuts and devices made of flint from the Mesolithic period as well as alleged remains of urn graves from the Bronze Age were found. In the Himmelpforter Heide there are barrows from the Bronze Age.

Monastery time

Ruin of the nave of the monastery church

Margrave Albrecht III. von Brandenburg owned Stargard with the land of Lychen since 1284 . In 1299 he donated a monastery to the Cistercian order in Lychen: the Himmelpfort monastery , which he designated as his burial monastery . The extensive initial equipment included the villages of Altthymen , Brüsenwalde , Garlin , Kastaven and Linow as well as all bodies of water in the Lychen region. In the period that followed, the villages of Stolp , Bredereiche, Rudow , Tangersdorf , Rutenberg , Regelsdorf and Zootzen as well as other free float came to the monastery. The Lehnin Monastery took over the construction of the monastery . The headland between Haussee and Stolpsee in the vicinity of the village of Stolp was chosen as the location for the convent building. The Himmelpfort monastery gave its name to the place being created here.

Shortly after its foundation, the Himmelpfort monastery came from the Mark Brandenburg to Mecklenburg with the Treaty of Vietmannsdorf (1304) and the Peace of Templin (1317) . With the Peace of Wittstock (1442) the monastery became part of Brandenburg again.

The border location between Brandenburg and Mecklenburg and repeated damage from raids hindered the development of the monastery. In 1541 the monastery was secularized as part of the Reformation by Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg and converted into a manor . The last abbot of the monastery became pastor of Bredereiche.

Time of the estate economy

Adam von Trott and his descendants owned Himmelpfort from 1552 to 1727

1542 pledged the elector rule Himmelpfortgrund to ten years to the Governor of the Uckermark, Hans von Arnim . He was assigned to take care of the remaining monks. In 1551 peasants complained to the elector about an increase in the compulsory services to be performed . In 1552 the reign of Himmelpfort was pledged by the elector to his court marshal Adam von Trott and in 1557 it was converted into a hereditary fief . From then on, it formed the dominion of Badingen and Himmelpfort together with those of Trott around Badingen . The former monastery buildings served as an estate . In 1574 rye , oats , brewing barley and hops were grown. In the forest beekeeping was honey won. In addition, cattle , pigs and sheep were kept. After the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648) the country was desolate .

In 1727 the Brandenburg male line of those von Trott zu Solz died out and the rule Badingen and Himmelpfort was withdrawn as a settled fiefdom by the now Prussian state . From then on, the property around Himmelpfort formed a Vorwerk of the Badingen office with an area of ​​1376  acres and was given to various owners on long leases. Colonists were recruited from Mecklenburg and settled in Himmelpfort as Büdner . Their houses, together with existing farm workers' houses, a jug , a water mill , a brickworks , a lime kiln and a forester's house, formed the core of what would later become the Himmelpfort community. Until the 19th century, remote arable land in Himmelpfort was cultivated by farmers from Bredereiche in forced labor.

In 1815 the Badingen office was dissolved and Himmelpfort was administered by the Zehdenick office until 1872 . In 1816/18, as part of the Prussian reforms , the place became part of the new Templin district , which emerged from the Uckermärkische Kreis .

Schifferdorf, climatic health resort, National Socialism

In 1845 the Prussian state bought back the Himmelpfort plant. Bad soils were reforested while better soils were parceled out and numerous Havel boatmen settled there. In the following period, inland shipping became the most important branch of the Himmelpfort industry. In 1891, 42 boatmen founded a guild . After the end of the First World War (1918), 400 of the approximately 700 inhabitants of Himmelpfort are said to have worked as boatmen in summer.

Since 1899 the place had a train station ( location ) on the Britz – Fürstenberg railway line and was thus connected to the Berlin Northern Railway. The development of tourism in Himmelpfort began around 1900 .

A travel guide published in 1926/27 described Himmelpfort as a climatic health resort . On the previously wooded Hasenheide , the peninsula between Moderfitzsee and Haussee, a garden settlement was built in 1926. In the same year the Himmelpfort volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1929 Pian was incorporated into Himmelpfort. A tourism tax was levied in the 1930s .

During the Second World War , units of the Air Force and Latvian SS units were stationed in Himmelpfort . Female prisoners from the nearby Ravensbrück concentration camp had to do forced labor in a slipper factory.

On April 28, 1945, Himmelpfort was taken from the east by the Red Army without resistance . Shortly before, the mayor had the bridge over the lock moat blown up.

In socialism

The agricultural land in Himmelpfort was so insignificant and fragmented that, as part of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone from 1945 onwards, there was no suitable land for division in Himmelpfort.

From September 1949 to the beginning of 1952 there was a boarding school in Himmelpfort . It was a spin-off from the Scharfenberg island school farm in West Berlin, known as "East Scharfenberg" . The students included the actor Jürgen Holtz and the writer Ulrich Plenzdorf .

In the course of the administrative reform of 1952 , Himmelpfort became part of the new Gransee district in the Potsdam district .

In 1960 five farmers with an area of ​​36 hectares formed an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) of type I, which was affiliated with LPG in Fürstenberg in 1972. The number of self-employed skippers in Himmelpfort had dropped to eight in 1965. The Himmelpfort economy was shaped around 1974 by a fur farm for mink with over 1000 breeding animals, a fishing operation and a large number of hospitality facilities . The latter included a holiday home of the Free German Trade Union Federation , company holiday homes , private accommodation and three tent sites . Tourism had replaced inland shipping as the most important industry in Himmelpfort.

In the 1970s and 1980s, construction stops for the construction of bungalows in Himmelpfort . The number of annual holidaymakers in the village rose from 2,600 in 1959 to 12,000 in 1973. In 1989, 134 companies maintained recreational properties in Himmelpfort.

From 1968 to 1990, the Himmelpfort Heide was the location of the Himmelpfort special weapons depot , a nuclear weapons depot of the Soviet Armed Forces group in Germany .

In the course of the turning point and peaceful revolution in the GDR , the council of the municipality elected Lothar Kliesch as the new mayor of Himmelpfort on November 27, 1989 and then resigned. A round table was set up that lasted until the local elections on May 6, 1990.

Reunified Germany

Himmelpfort has been administered by the Fürstenberg office since 1992 and became part of the new Oberhavel district in 1993 . The Himmelpfort station was closed in 1996 with the closure of the Britz – Fürstenberg railway line. Himmelpfort has been a state-approved resort in the state of Brandenburg since 2002 .

On October 26, 2003, the Fürstenberg office was dissolved by law and the community of Himmelpfort was incorporated into the city of Fürstenberg. Himmelpfort lodged a municipal constitutional complaint with the constitutional court of Brandenburg against the incorporation , which was rejected in 2005.

Population development

The following table shows the population of Himmelpfort on selected reference dates between 1875 and 2011 in the respective territories:

Deadline Residents source
Dec. 1, 1875 0742 census
Dec. 1, 1890 0624 census
Dec. 1, 1910 0472 census
June 16, 1925 0703 census
June 16, 1933 0797 census
May 17, 1939 0737 census
Oct 29, 1946 0822 census
Aug 31, 1950 1078 census
Dec 31, 1964 0802 census
Jan. 1, 1971 0736 census
Dec 31, 1981 0641 census
Dec 31, 1991 0568 Population projection
Dec 31, 2001 0583 Population projection
Dec 31, 2011 0466 City administration Fürstenberg / Havel

politics

Himmelpfort is part of the city of Fürstenberg with a local advisory board of three members. In the 2014 municipal elections , Lothar Kliesch ( SPD ), Lutz Wilke (alliance for Fürstenberg and districts) and Olaf Discher (regional citizens' alliance) were elected as members of the local council.

Culture and sights

Monastery complex

Ruin of the brewery

In the center of the village is the former monastery complex with the ruins of the monastery church built at the beginning of the 14th century , in the eastern part of which the Protestant parish church was built in 1663 . Towards the lock bridge are the ruins of the so-called brewery with an articulated gable which was built in the later 14th century as a farm building for the monastery. In 2010 the brewery was destroyed by fire, except for the surrounding walls. In January 2016, the community foundation Kulturerbe Himmelpfort was established to buy, secure and restore the brewery. Long-term cultural use with exhibitions, theater and music is planned. Opposite is the modern so-called monastery herb garden. At the intersection of Klosterstrasse and Zur Hasenheide there are remains of the old monastery wall.

Christmas post office

Christmas room in the Christmas post office
Special cancellation from the Himmelpfort Christmas post office

In 1984, two letters from children to Santa Claus arrived in Himmelpfort for the first time and were answered by a post office employee. Since then the number of these letters increased and Himmelpfort developed into a Christmas post office. In 1995, Deutsche Post AG hired employees specifically to answer these letters for the first time. In 2012, 292,000 letters to Santa Claus from around 70 countries reached Himmelpfort. 20 people were involved in answering them. Santa's writing room is located in the guest's house.

Salzmann Library

Part of the private library of the book collector Georg P. Salzmann in the Alte Mühle has been open to the public since 2015.

Protected areas

Himmelpfort is part of the Uckermärkische Seen nature park and - without the central location and Pian - of the Fürstenberg forest and lake area conservation area . Parts of Himmelpfort belong to the FFH areas Kleine Schorfheide-Havel and Stolpseewiesen-Siggelhavel and to the nature reserves Kastavenseen-Molkenkammersee , Kleine Schorfheide and Mellensee near Lychen . 2.55 hectares of the north bank of the Stolpsee are protected as a natural monument. A chestnut near the church and a linden tree in the cemetery are protected as natural monuments.

Regular events

The Himmelpfort Classic Days, a classical music festival, took place in Himmelpfort from 2001 to 2017 . The motto and line-up changed annually. Since its inception , the artistic director of the event has been Hans-Joachim Scheitzbach , former solo cellist at the Komische Oper Berlin . The patron of the Klassiktage was Sabine Kunst , former Minister for Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg and incumbent President of the Humboldt University in Berlin. The Himmelpfort Classic Days were organized by Landhaus Himmelpfort am See. In 2018 it was decided not to continue the Himmelpfort Classic Days. It is replaced by the “Himmelpfort Cultural Summer”, which was brought into being by various organizers.

Economy and Infrastructure

Woblitz lock Himmelpfort between Stolpsee and Haussee

The Stolpsee is part of the main route of the Upper Havel waterway . The Haussee and the Woblitz are part of the Lychener waters . The Himmelpfort lock keeps the connection between the Stolpsee and the higher Haussee navigable.

The German clay road and the long-distance cycle routes Berlin – Copenhagen and Tour Brandenburg run through Himmelpfort . On the disused Britz – Fürstenberg railway line, the Templin – Himmelpfort – Fürstenberg section can be used with bicycle trolleys.

The Woblitz nature conservation station takes care of injured birds of prey . There is a campsite on the south-east bank of the Stolpsee.

Personalities

Born in Himmelpfort

Connected to Himmelpfort

  • Albrecht III. (around 1250–1300), Margrave of Brandenburg, founder of the Himmelpfort monastery, buried there in 1309
  • Jakob Baumann (around 1491–1562), Cistercian monk, before 1549 porter of the Himmelpfort monastery
  • Adam von Trott († 1564), Reich Field Marshal and Oberhofmarschall, governor and landlord of Himmelpfort
  • Jürgen Holtz (1932–2020), actor, 1949–1952 boarding school student in Himmelpfort
  • Ulrich Plenzdorf (1934–2007), writer, 1949–1952 boarding school student in Himmelpfort
  • Lothar Kliesch (* 1950), politician, 1989–2003 mayor of Himmelpfort
  • Reimund Helms (* 1954; † 2005), politician, member of the Himmelpfort municipal council
  • Harald Blüchel (* 1963), composer, pianist and music producer, lives in Himmelpfort

literature

  • Enders, Lieselott : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII. Uckermark. A-L . Klaus D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-035-7 , section Himmelpfort ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Geographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Hrsg.): The Rheinsberg-Fürstenberger Seengebiet. Results of the local history inventory in the areas of Zechlin, Rheinsberg, Fürstenberg and Himmelpfort (=  values ​​of our homeland . Volume 25 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974, DNB  750097159 , section Himmelpfort , p. 193-197 .
  • Heimatverein Kloster Himmelpfort e. V. (Hrsg.): Himmelpfort - gate of heaven. History and present of a Cistercian foundation in Brandenburg . Westkreuz-Druckerei Ahrens, Berlin 1998.

Web links

Commons : Himmelpfort  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Facts and figures on Fürstenberg / Havel. City of Fürstenberg / Havel, accessed on August 17, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Eberhard Scholz: The natural spatial structure of Brandenburg . Pedagogical District Cabinet, Potsdam 1962.
  3. ^ City of Fürstenberg / Havel. Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  4. ↑ BrandenburgViewer of the state survey and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB)
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Geographical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR: Rheinsberg-Fürstenberger Seengebiet . 1974, pp. 193-197.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Heimatverein Kloster Himmelpfort: Himmelpfort - gate of heaven . 1998, pp. 185-191.
  7. ↑ Heimatverein Kloster Himmelpfort: Himmelpfort - Gate of Heaven . 1998, p. 146.
  8. ↑ Heimatverein Kloster Himmelpfort: Himmelpfort - Gate of Heaven . 1998, p. 83.
  9. ↑ Dietmar Haubfleisch: The school farm Insel Scharfenberg (Berlin) after 1945 . In: Reiner Lehberger (Ed.): Schools of Reform Education after 1945. Contributions to the third conference on school history from November 15 to 16, 1994 in the Hamburg School Museum (=  Hamburg series of publications on school and teaching history ). tape 7 . Hamburg 1995, p. 57–93 ( uni-marburg.de [accessed on January 17, 2015] slightly changed again in the notes section: Marburg 1997).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005: District Oberhavel. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics, Potsdam. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  11. ↑ § 13 Fifth law on state-wide municipal area reform concerning the districts of Barnim, Märkisch-Oderland, Oberhavel, Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Prignitz, Uckermark (5th GemGeb-RefGBbg) of March 24, 2003. Land Brandenburg, GVBl. I p. 82. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  12. ^ Decision of March 10, 2005 - VfGBbg 251/03. Constitutional Court of the State of Brandenburg. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  13. ↑ § 3 Paragraph 2 of the main statute of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel from December 19, 2008 , Website of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  14. ↑ Elections. Website of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  15. ↑ A brewery for Himmelpfort. Landhaus Himmelpfort am See, May 15, 2016, accessed on May 16, 2016 .
  16. ↑ Himmelpfort - the only Christmas post office in the new federal states. Deutsche Post AG website. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  17. ↑ Stefan Blumberg: Unique collection for Himmelpfort. In: Märkische Allgemeine . October 28, 2015, accessed November 22, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Protected areas in Germany. Map service of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  19. ↑ Environmental report 2013. Published by the Oberhavel district. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  20. ↑ Himmelpfort: 10th Classical Days are celebrating the music city of Vienna this year. Märkische Online Zeitung from August 5, 2011. Retrieved on August 24, 2014.
  21. ↑ Solveig's song by the lake. Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung of August 23, 2014. Retrieved on August 24, 2014.
  22. ↑ Kultursommer Himmelpfort 2018 , website of Landhaus Himmelpfort am See from June 18, 2018, accessed on July 23, 2018.
  23. ↑ Stefan Blumberg: Harald Blüchel: With complete devotion. In: Märkische Allgemeine . August 9, 2018, accessed May 2, 2019 .