Scharfenberg Island School Farm

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Scharfenberg Island School Farm
Information board, Scharfenberg school farm.jpg
type of school All-day high school and boarding school
founding 1922
address

Scharfenberg Island

place Berlin
country Berlin
Country Germany
Coordinates 52 ° 34 ′ 27 "  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 49"  E
carrier State of Berlin
student about 450, about 70 of them in boarding school
Teachers about 44
management Gudrun Schmidt
Deputy:
Jörg Lemme and Olaf Tresper
Website www.insel-scharfenberg.de

The school farm Insel Scharfenberg is a boarding school on the island of Scharfenberg in Tegeler See in Berlin . It was founded in 1922 by Wilhelm Blume . The school is a state all-day high school with an attached boarding school and external students. In 1994 the ZDF series Our Teacher Doctor Specht was filmed here.

history

Reform educational school experiment of the Weimar Republic

On the initiative of Wilhelm Blumes , who was a teacher at the Humboldt-Gymnasium ( Berlin-Mitte , Gartenstrasse 25, today the after-school care center of the Papageno-Grundschule), the “sub-secondary students” of the grammar school were taught on the island for the summer in 1921, and Blume sat with support the USPD - Councilor Klara Weyl against a director of the waterworks by.

The Humboldt-Gymnasium spoke out against repeating the “summer school” in 1922, and a municipal boarding school for boys was founded on Scharfenberg via the city's experimental school committee headed by Oberstadtschulrat Wilhelm Paulsen as an experimental school - more or less as a “private school of the Berlin magistrate ”. Wilhelm Blume is named as its head.

In 1923 the farm was started on the island under the former flower student and farmer Paul Glasenapp with students as helpers. The school had 93 acres (around 23 hectares) of land with stables at its disposal from November 1923  when the last tenant of the waterworks left the island. An advanced class of elementary school pupils was founded and the first pupils received their Abitur , still in external exams, but before their own staff.

In the following year, part of the barn was converted into a dining room and a dormitory was set up on the barn floor. In 1927 Richard Ermisch built a ferry house and the "flower house", which today houses a classroom for music with two practice rooms, a drawing room, a photo laboratory and various workshops for printing techniques and ceramics .

In 1929 the school was transferred to a municipal school with its own budget , and in 1930 it was recognized as a “state seminar institution for the training of trainee students”.

Since the school was partly self-sufficient with the joint work of the students, the school fees could be set relatively low. So it came about that the proportion of students from the working class was relatively high. The high priority of community work could be seen in the fact that work assignments (including unpleasant work) were never given as punishment; Punishment was always exclusion from work.

It was particularly important that the Scharfenberg students had an unusually high degree of participation in the so-called "evening debate", the meeting of students and teachers - and could vote on whether new students were allowed to stay or had to leave, for example. In a contemporary report it says:

“From the day it was founded until today, the only authority to prohibit and prohibit on the island is the gathering of its residents, the so-called evening debate. Music and singing open and close them; In between, fruit is passed around from table to table, at which one sits spread out, like at dinner, very familiar; These evening debates are not so much the result of parliamentary meetings, but rather of extended table conversations. Now, more formally, she heads a member of the committee elected by a two-thirds majority, which is supposed to consist of a teacher and three students; When resolutions are passed, adults and schoolchildren have the same voting rights. Anyone can raise questions or submit motions beforehand to the committee, which it then puts on the agenda without prior censorship, as is customary in Wickersdorf. If the committee considers it important enough, it will invite you to an evening debate by posting on the door of the hall. For example, it once focused on the question: What do we dislike about our teachers? What do teachers not do about their students? [...] Or another evening discussion advised the precautionary measures necessary when so many boys swim in the open sea, certain strong swimmers were designated as "Wapo people", and no one was allowed to swim beyond their ranks, and demanded that a boat with a lifebuoy was always on hand [...] . The evening debates are announced to the school community, not that they can overturn them, but it is important to hear parents' views on them. In particularly important cases, the evening debate has also reserved the decision to jointly pass resolutions. This was the case with the lifting of the censorship and the acceptance of the requirements for entry into the school farm, the last sentence of which reads: »Should the admitted person not be able to follow the lifestyle pursued here and the right to vote within one year from the two-thirds He has to leave the majority of the evening debate.

- Wilhelm Blume: The school farm Insel Scharfenberg

The school farm tried to contribute to the external school reform by offering its students from the various high schools all the high school qualifications possible at the time. In addition, it should enable the Abitur, which they would otherwise hardly be able to achieve, primarily by setting up an advanced level for pupils leaving elementary schools. Their aim was to give all children, regardless of their social origin and their religious and political beliefs, the same educational opportunities.

Above all, the school farm made a contribution to internal school reform - quite in the sense that current school research has identified with the term “good school”.

During the Weimar Republic, for example, the school offered an alternative teaching concept: As an example, let us first mention its independent “core course system”. She also had a rich extra-curricular school life - through her numerous school trips, festivals and celebrations, music and dance events, through gardening, agricultural and handicraft activities and much more. She implemented a uniform school concept which, in a holistic upbringing and education ("head, heart and hand"), taught both self-responsibility (development of personality) and community (development of sociality) and thus socially minded personalities. The framework of this overall concept included student co-administration and self-administration to such an extent that one can rightly speak of a “radical democratic experiment in freedom” or a successful attempt at “education for democracy”.

Resistance and conformity in the National Socialist era

Memorial plaque at the flower house

In the years 1932/1933 the old chicken farm on the island of the meeting place was a communist group led by the later resistance fighter Hans Coppi , which in addition to Heinrich Scheel and Hans Lautenschlager also Ina Schreier belonged to the first girl in the reform school Scharfenberg. Coppi was executed in 1942 as a member of the Red Orchestra by the National Socialist rulers in Plötzensee . Since 1986 a memorial plaque on the island of Scharfenberg has been commemorating Hans Coppi and Hanno Günther , who attended school from 1934 to 1935 and was also executed as a resistance fighter in Plötzensee in 1942.

After the " seizure of power " by the Nazis already in 1933 used as headmaster took teacher Felix Scholz , an active member of the NSDAP , the school farm. Schoolchildren whose stance on national political issues does not allow them to remain on the island have been systematically ousted. Wilhelm Blume, who was now headmaster of the Humboldt School ( Tegel ), made it possible for them to attend school and graduate from the Humboldt School. A new school building, a gymnasium and teachers' houses were built.

After two years in office, the headmaster Scholz stated in a report in 1936 that the conversion of the municipal school farm Insel Scharfenberg into a nursery for National Socialist education had been completed. At Easter 1938, the critical Abitur newspaper “Der Kaktus” appeared as the only document published by the students without the supervision of the teachers or the school management during the National Socialist era .

Between 1940 and 1945 the Scharfenberg pupils were relocated to various locations as part of the Kinderland deportation : from November 1940 to March 1942 to Brückenberg in the Giant Mountains (today Karpacz Górny ), from April to August 1942 to Schüttenhofen in the then Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (today Sušice in the Czech Republic). From September 1942 on, classes took place at Scharfenberg again. From October 23, 1943 to autumn 1944, pupils and teachers were in Wiek on Rügen , then in fishermen's cottages in Pomerania (now Pogorzelica in Poland), located between Cammin (Kamién Pomorski) and Kolberg (Kołobrzeg). From March 1945 until the end of the war in May, the school is located in Wichmannsdorf in Mecklenburg, a few kilometers from the Ostseebad Kühlungsborn.

post war period

As early as May 12, 1945, Wilhelm Blume received an order from the Reinickendorf district administration to re-establish the school farm. School operations resumed on September 19 of the same year with 70 boys and three teachers. Blume was also director of the Humboldt School and the school farm.

At the beginning of the school year at Easter 1946, 25 girls came to Scharfenberg for the first time, in 1947 the number rose again to 31. On November 21, 1946, the Pedagogical University in Berlin was founded and Wilhelm Blume moved there as founding rector. Flower's successor at the school farm was first in May 1947 Hans Otto Eberl, who had been flower's graduate student at the Humboldt School; However, he soon fell seriously ill and left in October 1947 in order to later take over the management of other Berlin schools and also emerge as a poet. The former pupil (before 1933) Heinrich Scheel took his place , while Wilhelm Richter succeeded Blume at the Humboldt School. At the beginning of 1949, on the initiative of Heinrich Scheel, his school friend Wolfgang Pewesin became headmaster at Scharfenberg, as Heinrich Scheel, as a survivor of the "Rote Kapelle" resistance group, felt unable to remain in office after the split in Berlin.

After Scheel's departure as headmaster, around 30 students left the school farm and from then on attended a newly established boarding school in the Templin district , which is also known as "Ost-Scharfenberg", for which Scheel himself was not available. This school was opened in Döllnkrug in the municipality of Bebersee in March 1949 and moved to Himmelpfort in September 1949 . The actor Jürgen Holtz and the writer Ulrich Plenzdorf were among the students of "Ost-Scharfenberg" in Himmelpfort . At the beginning of 1952 "Ost-Scharfenberg" was dissolved.

Ferry pier (left), Richard Ermisch's ferry house 1927–28 (right)

In 1951 the first Abitur took place on the island after the war. In the 1950s and 1960s the school buildings were expanded; In 1954/1955 the schoolhouse was raised and enlarged, in 1956/1957 seven school houses were built and in 1958 the old Bollehaus was blown up. In 1961 the new central building was completed and inaugurated. In 1964 the old cable ferry was replaced by a motor ferry.

In 1995 the island and boarding school became known nationwide when they were the setting for the third season of the ZDF hit series Our Teacher Doctor Specht . In the fiction of the series, the island is called "Krähenwerder".

For the first time in 1999 two seventh classes could be established. In the 80th year of its existence, three seventh grades were accepted at the school for the first time in 2002 and the all-day offer was increased.

Known students

Prominent teachers

literature

  • From the life of the Scharfenberg island school farm. Pictures, documents, testimonials from parents, teachers, students. Edited by Wilhelm Blume. In: The Age of Development. A monthly for the renewal of education. Vol. 7 (1928), pp. 329-404. ( Digitized version of the Paderborn University Library )
  • Wilhelm Blume: The school farm on the urban island of Scharfenberg near Berlin. In: German School Trials. Edited by Franz Hilker , Berlin 1924, pp. 312-330.
  • Wilhelm Blume: The school farm island Scharfenberg . In: The Berlin School System . Edited by Jens Nydahl. Edited with the participation of Berlin school men by Erwin Kalischer, Berlin 1928, pp. 135–186 and p. 568f .; short excerpt again in: The German Youth Movement 1920 to 1933. The Bundische Zeit . Edited by Werner Kindt (= Documentation of the Youth Movement , 3), Düsseldorf [u. a.] 1974, pp. 1462-1466. ( Digitized version of the Paderborn University Library (entire volume) )
  • Dietmar Haubfleisch: The school farm Insel Scharfenberg in the Nazi era. In: Reiner Lehberger (Hrsg.): Weimar experimental and reform schools at the transition to the Nazi era. Contributions to the school history conference from 16. – 17. November 1993 in the Hamburg School Museum (= Hamburg series on school and teaching history , 6). Hamburg 1994, pp. 84-96 ( digitized version );
  • Dietmar Haubfleisch: Scharfenberg Island School Farm . Microanalysis of the educational reality of reform pedagogy in a democratic experimental school in Berlin during the Weimar Republic. 2 volumes. Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Bern / Bruxelles / New York / Oxford / Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-631-34724-3 (= Studies on Educational Reform , Volume 40, also dissertation University of Marburg 1998). Table of contents and foreword by the editor of the series studies on educational reform
  • Sources on the history of the school farm Insel Scharfenberg (Berlin) . Edited by Dietmar Haubfleisch. Marburg 1999: http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/sonst/1999/0001/welcome.html
  • Knut Hickethier: The island. Youth on the Scharfenberg Island School Farm 1958–1965. With a school history note by Gerd Radde (= Berlin school years, issue 1, eds. Klaus Wiese and Ilona Zeuch). Overall Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-925961-03-8 .
  • Wilhelm Richter: The school farm island Scharfenberg - Wilhelm flower . In: Ders .: Berlin School History. From the medieval beginnings to the end of the Weimar Republic. With the participation of Maina Richter ed. and edit by Marion Klewitz and Hans Christoph Berg . With a time table by Gerd Radde (= historical and pedagogical studies, 13), Berlin 1981, pp. 135–148; in parts again in: 60 Years of the Scharfenberg Island School Farm 1922–1982. Anniversary publication on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Scharfenberg island school farm (= special issue of the ferry), Berlin 1982, pp. 13–18; At the end again shortened to: Climb up, you red eagle. Catalog for the exhibition in the Heimatmuseum Reinickendorf on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Berlin from May 8th to November 30th 1987. Published by the Reinickendorf district, Department of Education. Heimatmuseum, Berlin 1987, no p.
  • Heinrich Scheel: Scharfenberg island school farm . 1990 ISBN 3-472-00633-1
  • Rainer Werner: Scharfenberg Island School Farm 1995 to 1997. Chronicle of an attempt at reform . Berlin 2000 ISBN 3-8280-0670-1
  • Heinz K. Jahnke: Scharfenberg under the swastika. The history of the Scharfenberg school farm between 1933 and 1945 . Auriga publishing house. Berlin 1997. ISBN 3-00-001473-X

Web links

Commons : Scharfenberg (Insel)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ In: The Berlin School System . Edited by Jens Nydahl. Edited with the participation of Berliner Schulmänner by Erwin Kalischer, Berlin 1928, pp. 135–186 and pp. 568f., Here pp. 172–177.
  2. ^ Biography of Ina Ender on Zeitzeugen-TV ( Memento from January 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Heinz K. Jahnke: Scharfenberg under the swastika. Pp. 125-164
  4. ↑ Dietmar Haubfleisch: The school farm Insel Scharfenberg (Berlin) after 1945 . In: Reiner Lehberger (Ed.): Schools of Reform Education after 1945. Contributions to the third conference on school history from November 15 to 16, 1994 in the Hamburg School Museum (=  Hamburg series of publications on school and teaching history ). tape 7 . Hamburg 1995, p. 57–93 ( uni-marburg.de [accessed on January 17, 2015] Slightly changed again in the notes section: Marburg 1997).

Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 27.9 ″  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 50.2 ″  E