Wilhelm Blume (pedagogue)

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Friedrich Wilhelm Blume (born February 8, 1884 in Wolfenbüttel , † November 17, 1970 in Berlin ) was a German educator . He was at the forefront of reform pedagogy in the Weimar Republic . He was the founder of the Insel Scharfenberg school farm in Berlin and founding director of the Berlin University of Education .

Life

Berlin memorial plaque on Speerweg 36 in Berlin-Frohnau
Wilhelm Blume's grave of honor in the Tegel cemetery

Wilhelm Blume was the son of a middle school teacher and passed his Abitur on April 1, 1902 at the Herzoglichen Gymnasium Wolfenbüttel . He began studying German and history in the summer semester of 1902 in Heidelberg , then continued in Berlin with a one-year break until 1909 , and entered the Prussian school service in 1910. He spent the seminar year from Easter 1911 at the Lessing-Gymnasium in Berlin , then was a trainee lawyer at the Humboldt-Gymnasium in Berlin-Tegel and assistant teacher at the 10th  Realschule in Berlin , where he got his first permanent position as a senior teacher in April 1914 .

In 1915 he returned to the Humboldt Gymnasium, where he taught until 1922. In the spring of 1922 he founded the school farm Insel Scharfenberg on the island of Scharfenberg in the Tegeler See , as its director he was appointed senior director of studies in 1929 . This boarding school for boys accepted students from all types of secondary schools as well as graduates from elementary schools and saw itself as a kind of “higher collective school” (original form of the comprehensive school ). The "school farm" was next to the Neukölln Kaiser-Friedrich-Realgymnasium , headed by Fritz Karsen since autumn 1921 , where the first attempt at a single school was implemented in the 1920s , and the community schools promoted by Wilhelm Paulsen from 1921 in Berlin, the most important reform pedagogical school in Berlin of the Weimar Republic.

From Easter 1932, in addition to the management of the school farm, Blume was transferred to a dual directorate of the Humboldt-Gymnasium in Berlin-Tegel, which he kept until November 1946. In contrast, Blume was deprived of the management of the school farm in autumn 1933; in the spring of 1934 he resigned there as headmaster. From May 1945 to November 1946 he took over the management of the Inselschule again alongside that of the Humboldt Gymnasium.

In the winter semester of 1946/1947, Blume was appointed by the Berlin magistrate "to head the newly established college of education" in Greater Berlin. He began his committed work as the first director of this university at a time when the political division of Berlin was already becoming apparent. In his overall approach to university operations, Blume looked for and found training centers in all four sectors of Berlin. The representatives of two occupying powers worked as adversaries against his endeavors "to document the four-power status of the university in the outer locality". The division of the city administration that began in 1948 also divided the administration of the university “into a western and an eastern institution”. In explicit wording, he refused to participate in the “secession in a widely visible place”. In the "first days of December 1948", Blume submitted his resignation to the politicians and also declared it to the students "in a crowded auditorium".

When the school farm was founded in 1922, Blume moved to the island of Scharfenberg. In 1932 he moved into the headmaster's apartment at the Humboldt School. In 1937 he had the architect Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot in Frohnau - today's Speerweg 38 - build an avant-garde country house, the 'Fasanenhof', now a listed building and called the 'Blumeshof', and lived here until his death.

Honors

In 1953, Blume was awarded the Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Wilhelm-Blume-Allee in the Berlin district of Reinickendorf was named after him. He found his final resting place in the state-owned Tegel Am Nordgraben cemetery . The honor grave is located in Dept. J-1a-3.

Works

Monographs (selection)

  • Goethe. Life picture (= swallow book, 20), Berlin a. a. 1949.
  • with Gerhard Frühbrodt: The thirteenth school year. 7 chapters on its problems and practical design (= comparative education. Series of publications of the pedagogical work center, 4), Wiesbaden 1955.

Essays (in selection)

literature

  • Wolfgang Pewesin: Wilhelm Blume (1884-1970). In: Gerd Heinrich (ed.): Contributions to the history of the Berlin University of Education (= treatises from the Berlin VI University of Education), Berlin 1980, pp. 71–76.
  • Wilhelm Richter: The school farm island Scharfenberg - Wilhelm flower. In: ders .: Berlin school history. From the medieval beginnings to the end of the Weimar Republic. With the participation of Maina Richter ed. and edit by Marion Klewitz and Hans Christoph Berg . With a time table by Gerd Radde (= historical and educational studies, volume 13). Berlin 1981, pp. 135-148.
  • Michael-Sören Schuppan: Wilhelm flower. In: Benno Schmoldt (ed.): Pedagogues in Berlin. Selection of biographies between the Enlightenment and the present (= materials and studies on the history of the Berlin School, 9), Baltmannsweiler 1991, ISBN 3-87116-692-8 , pp. 299-312.
  • Dietmar Haubfleisch: Berlin reform pedagogy in the Weimar Republic. Overview, research results and perspectives. In: Hermann Röhrs , Andreas Pehnke (Ed.): The reform of the education system in the East-West dialogue. History, tasks, problems (= Greifswald studies on educational science, volume 1). Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1994, pp. 117-132; 2., ext. Edition 1998, pp. 143-158; slightly updated online version , Marburg 1998.
  • Dietmar Haubfleisch: Scharfenberg Island School Farm. Microanalysis of the reform pedagogical reality of teaching and upbringing in a democratic experimental school in Berlin during the Weimar Republic (= studies on educational reform, 40), Frankfurt a. a. 2001. ISBN 3-631-34724-3 ( table of contents and foreword by the editor of the series studies on educational reform ).

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Blume  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Contributions to ... , ed. by G. Heinrich, Berlin 1980, pp. 5 ff., 34 (footnote 5), 57 and 169.
  2. ↑ Contributions to ... , ed. by G. Heinrich, Berlin 1980, pp. 10, 20 and 74.
personal data
SURNAME Blume, Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Blume, Friedrich Wilhelm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator
DATE OF BIRTH February 8, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Wolfenbüttel
DATE OF DEATH 17th November 1970
Place of death Berlin