Wilhelm Paulsen

Wilhelm Paulsen (born September 27, 1875 in Norderbrarup , † March 27, 1943 in Berlin ) was a German educator . He was at the forefront of reform pedagogy in the Weimar Republic .

Life

Paulsen worked as a reform pedagogue and was a member of the Association of Resolute School Reformers, newly founded in 1919 . During his time as a Berlin school councilor from 1921 onwards, he was considered to be the developer of the “community schools”. In these schools, the elimination of strict curricula and the contrast between knowing teachers and ignorant pupils should create a learning climate that enables current social needs and these adapted learning contents to be conveyed “from the child”. On April 7, 1920, he became the first headmaster of the Tieloh-Süd girls' school, which had been converted into an experimental school . At the same time he was editor and editor of the Hamburg teachers' newspaper Pädagogische Reform . After only ten months as the head of this school, he left Hamburg and from 1921 was senior school councilor in Berlin. In this function, he developed school and educational policy drafts that “resulted in a radical internal and external reform of the Berlin school system (which not least also meant the end of secondary school as a domain of the bourgeoisie)”. In this context, the new school meant “no longer just the opposite of the so-called 'old school', as representatives of the various reform pedagogical currents had long since developed; for Paulsen and Karsen it was always at the same time an expression of the emerging society, that is to say in the transition to socialism ”. For Fritz Karsen these ideas formed the basis for the work he began in 1921 at the Kaiser-Friedrich- Realgymnasium in Berlin-Neukölln , from which the Karl-Marx-Schule later emerged. The development of the Insel Scharfenberg school farm, founded in 1922 and initiated and managed by Wilhelm Blume , is also inconceivable without the clear support and influence of Wilhelm Paulsen.

In 1924 Paulsen had to resign for political reasons. In 1929 he was given a teaching position at the Technical University of Braunschweig , which was connected with the special order to work out a design for the expansion of the Braunschweig regional school system. Paulsen published the theoretical justification for his reform plan, but the early political influence of the National Socialists in Braunschweig prevented the practical implementation of these plans.

Works

• Detailed bibliography in: Dietmar Haubfleisch: Schulfarm Insel Scharfenberg . Microanalysis of the educational reform reality of teaching and upbringing in a democratic experimental school in Berlin during the Weimar Republic (= studies on educational reform, 40), Frankfurt [u. a.] 2001. ISBN 3-631-34724-3 Table of contents and foreword by the editor of the series "Studies on Educational Reform"

Monographs

• Overcoming the school. Establishment and description of the community school , Leipzig 1926; Excerpt in French Translated again in: Paulsen, Wilhelm: L'Ecole Solidariste. Traduction et Préface de Adolphe Ferrière, Bruxelles 1931, pp. 25-34. ( Digitized version of the Paderborn University Library )
• The new school and education program. Principles and guidelines for the development of the school system. Osterwieck 1930. ( digitized version of Paderborn University Library )
• The rebuilding of our school system . On behalf of the Executive Committee of the Prussian Teachers' Association, Osterwieck 1931 ( digital copy from Paderborn University Library )
• Solution to today's education crisis . Voices from the public, construction plans in Berlin, Berlin [u. a.] 1933. ( Digitized version of the Paderborn University Library (2nd edition) )

Essays

• Guiding principles for the internal and external structure of our school system , in: Pedagogical Reform, vol. 44 (1920), no. 50 (from December 15), p. 335f .; shortened by the foreword again in: Deutsches Philologen-Blatt, vol. 29 (1921), [No. 11 of March 23], pp. 136f .; again in: The Parents' Council. Bi-monthly publication for parents, teachers and authorities, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 311–314; again in: Engel, Ernst: The community schools (Hamburg and Berlin). A picture from contemporary pedagogy (= experimental schools and school trials, 1), Prague [u. a.] 1922, pp. 32-34; again in: Foertsch, Karl: The fight for Paulsen. A critical illumination of the new school, Berlin 1922, pp. 24–26; also in: Karsen, Fritz: The emergence of the Berlin community schools, in: The new schools in Germany, ed. by Fritz Karsen. With a foreword by Wilhelm Paulsen, Langensalza 1924, pp. 160–181, here pp. 162–164; likewise again in: Ferrière, Adolphe : school of self-activity or school of action. German After the 3rd change Ed. (= Pädagogik des Auslands, 1), Weimar 1928, pp. 274–276.
• School community , in: Pedagogical Reform, Vol. 44 (1920), No. 52 (from December 29th), p. 358; again in: Foertsch, Karl: The fight for Paulsen. A critical illumination of the new school, Berlin 1922, p. 26f.
• Attempting a natural school system in the big city on a new pedagogical basis . At the same time a contribution to the natural structure of the integrated school, in: Pedagogical Reform, vol. 44 (1920), no. 9 (from 03.03.), Pp. 71–73.
• Teachers, parents, students and friends of our schools . A call for cooperation and understanding, in: Deutsches Philologen-Blatt, vol. 29 (1921), [No. 11 of March 23, 1921], pp. 135f .; u. a. also in: The Parents' Council. Bi-monthly publication for parents, teachers and authorities, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 309–311; u. a. also in: Engel, Ernst: The Community Schools (Hamburg and Berlin). A picture from contemporary pedagogy (= experimental schools and school trials, 1), Prague [u. a.] 1922, p. 31f .; u. a. also in: Foertsch, Karl: The fight for Paulsen. A critical illumination of the new school, Berlin 1922, p. 23f .; u. a. also in: Ferrière, Adolphe: school of self-activity or school of action. German After the 3rd change Ed. (= Pädagogik des Auslands, 1), Weimar 1928, pp. 272–274.
• Community school (from the speech of the Berlin upper town school council in the city council on April 14, 1921), in: Sozialistischer Erzieher. Weekly of the Free Teachers 'Union of Germany, the Socialist-Proletarian International and for Socialist Parents' Councils, vol. 2 (1921), [No. 21 (from May 25th) and no. 22 (from June 1st)], pp. 313-315 and 328-330; udT 'Speech of the Oberstadtschulrat Wilhelm Paulsen in the Berlin City Council on April 14, 1921' again in: The Parents' Council. Bi-monthly publication for parents, teachers and authorities, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 314–320; in french Translated again in: Paulsen, Wilhelm: L'Ecole Solidariste. Traduction et Préface de Adolphe Ferrière, Bruxelles 1931, pp. 14-23.
• Basic plans and principles of a natural school system [Paulsen's plan, presented in 1922 to the Prussian Ministry for Science, Art and National Education as a discussion template for upcoming deliberations on a Reich School Act]; printed udT 'Natural school rules. A draft 'first in: Vossische Zeitung of January 23, 1922, evening edition, supplement; again in: The Parents' Council. Bi-monthly publication for parents, teachers and authorities, vol. 3 (1922), pp. 62–64; again in: Das Werdende Zeitalter, vol. 1 (1922), pp. 24–26; udT 'basic plans and principles of a natural school system. Schools of a true national community 'again in: Engel, Ernst: The community schools (Hamburg and Berlin). A picture from contemporary pedagogy (= experimental schools and school trials, 1), Prague [u. a.] 1922, p. 34f.
• Guidelines and principles according to which the experimental schools (life community schools) are to be set up [1923]; printed in: The new schools in Germany, ed. by Fritz Karsen. With a foreword by Wilhelm Paulsen, Langensalza 1924, pp. 177–179; again in: Paulsen, Wilhelm: Overcoming the school. Justification and presentation of the community school, Leipzig 1926, pp. 118–122; again in: The Berlin School System, ed. by Jens Nydahl. Edited with the participation of Berlin school men by Erwin Kalischer, Berlin 1928, pp. 53–55; again in: Die Deutsche Reformpädagogik, ed. by Wilhelm Flitner and Gerhard Kudritzki, Vol. II: Expansion and self-criticism, 2. unchangeable. Edition Stuttgart 1982, pp. 92-94.
• The new school and education program . Principles and guidelines for the expansion of the school system, Osterwieck 1930; Extract udT 'Urgent Current Reform' again in: Der Volkslehrer, vol. 12 (1930) [No. 6 (from March 16)], p. 69.

literature

• Dietmar Haubfleisch: Scharfenberg Island School Farm. Microanalysis of the educational reform reality of teaching and upbringing in a democratic experimental school in Berlin during the Weimar Republic (= studies on educational reform, 40), Frankfurt [u. a.] 2001. ISBN 3-631-34724-3 Table of contents and foreword by the editor of the series "Studies on Educational Reform"
• Reiner Lehberger: Wilhelm Paulsen: From the 'educational reform' to 'overcoming the school' . In: Reform Education and Social Criticism - What Remains of (Freedom) Socialism ?. Edited by Heinz Schernikau. (= Documentation of educational science. Writings from FB 06 of the University of Hamburg, issue 5). Hamburg 1993, pp. 207-230.
• Reiner Lehberger : Wilhelm Paulsen . In: Hamburg biography. Lexicon of persons. Edited by Franklin Kopitzsch and Dirk Brietzke , vol. 1. Hamburg 2001, p. 231f.
• Wilhelm Paulsen . In: Put in front of the door. Berlin city councilors and members of the magistrate persecuted under National Socialism 1922-1945. Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-018931-9 , pp. 305f.
• Gerd Radde : Fritz Karsen: a Berlin school reformer from the Weimar period. Berlin 1973. Extended new edition. With a report about Sonja Petra Karsen's father (= studies on educational reform, 37). Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.] 1999, ISBN 3-631-34896-7 .

Web links

• Literature list in the online catalog of the Berlin State Library
• about the Berlin reform pedagogy in the Weimar Republic

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Gerd Radde: Fritz Karsen: a Berlin school reformer of the Weimar period , pp. 50–51