Meissen district

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
County data from 1990 to 1995
State : Saxony
Administrative region : Dresden
Administrative headquarters : Meissen
Surface: 505.70 km²
Residents : 110,462 (October 3, 1990)
Population density : 218 inhabitants per km²
License plate : MEI
Circle key : 14 0 40
Circle structure: 37 municipalities , 4 cities
The Meissen district in the Dresden district

The Meissen district was a district in the Dresden district of the GDR . From 1990 it existed as the district of Meißen in the Free State of Saxony . His area is now in the new district of Meißen . The seat of the district administration was in Meissen .

geography

location

The district of Meißen was to the northwest of the Dresden economic and cultural center.

Neighboring areas

The district of Meissen bordered clockwise in the north, beginning with the districts of Riesa , Grossenhain , Dresden-Land , Freital , Freiberg , Hainichen and Döbeln .

Natural space

The Elbe flowed through the district in a north-westerly direction . The Dresden Elbe valley widening reached in the southeast of the district up to the city of Meißen. A very mild climate made it possible to grow vines on the south-facing slopes and cultivate heat-loving fruit crops such as apricots, peaches and strawberries. Below Meißen, the Elbe flowed through a narrow valley about 80 m deep. Numerous quarries, in which granite was quarried as valuable building and stone, were located on the steep valley slopes. Climatically, this section of the valley was just as favorable as the Dresden Elbe valley. The Lommatzscher care was located northeast of the Elbe . This flat, loess-covered landscape was used almost exclusively for agriculture. The western and southern district area was taken over by the Lommatzsch care, which formed the core of the central Saxon loess area. This agricultural land extended at heights of 150 to 200 m. It was known for its particularly fertile loess soils . To the east of the city of Meißen, north of the Elbe valley widening, stretched the only larger contiguous forest area in the district. A lookout tower allowed a wide view of Meißen and Dresden from here.

history

The circle Meissen went out of the renamed in district Meissen on January 1, 1939. 1874 founded Amtshauptmannschaft Meissen forth. With the district reform of the GDR on July 25, 1952, the districts were formed and the districts were reorganized. The previous district of Meissen gave 13 peripheral communities (out of a total of 80) to the neighboring districts. The district was assigned to the newly formed district of Dresden, the seat of the district became Meißen. The following municipalities were given in detail:

Bieberstein, Dittmannsdorf, Hirschfeld, Neukirchen, Reinsberg, Siebenlehn and Obergruna.
Helbisgdorf, Kaufbach and Wilsdruff
Bahra and Boritz
  • 67 municipalities remained in the old district of Meissen:
Altlommatzsch, Belcha, Blankenstein, Bockwen, Burkhardswalde, Coswig, Deutschenbora, Diera, Dörschnitz, Eula, Garsebach, Gauernitz, Gröbern, Großdobritz, Heynitz, Höfgen, Ilkendorf, Jahna, Jessen b. Lommatzsch, Jessen.b. Meißen, Kagen, Klipphausen, Krögis, Leuben, Limbach, Lommatzsch, Löthain, Lüttewitz, Meißen, Miltitz, Munzig, Neckanitz, Niederau, Niederlommatzsch, Nieschütz, Nossen, Ockrilla, Piskowitz b. Zehren, Planitz-Deila, Polenz, Raußlitz, Rhäsa, Röhrsdorf, Rothschönberg, Rüsseina, Scharfenberg, Schleinitz, Sönitz, Sora, Starbach, Staucha, Striegnitz, Tanneberg, Taubenheim, Wachtnitz, Wahnitz, Weinböhla, Weißtropp, Wendisch-Bora, Winkwitz, Wölkau, Wölkisch, Wuhnitz, Zadel, Zehren, Ziegenhain and Zschochau.
  • Supplemented by the municipality of Steinbach from the Dresden-Land district , the district initially consisted of 68 communities. As a result of reclassifications across district boundaries and changes to the municipal area, the number of municipalities fell to 41 when they were taken over into the state of Saxony.

The following changes to the area of ​​the municipality took place in Saxony before the first district reform :

  • October 10, 1965 incorporation of Jessen b. Meissen in Gröbern
  • January 1, 1969 Jahna and Kagen merge to form Jahna-Kagen
  • January 1, 1973 incorporation of Ilkendorf and Wendischbora in Heynitz
  • January 1, 1973 Integration of Altlommatzsch and Jessen b. Lommatzsch to the city of Lommatzsch
  • January 1, 1973 Wölkau is incorporated into Rhäsa
  • January 1, 1973 incorporation of Rothschönberg into Tanneberg
  • January 1, 1973 Bockwen and Polenz merged to form Bockwen-Polenz
  • January 1, 1973 Burkhardswalde and Munzig merge to form Burkhardswalde-Munzig
  • August 1, 1973 Höfgen is incorporated into Ziegenhain
  • October 1, 1973 Eula is incorporated into the city of Nossen
  • January 1st 1974 incorporation of Blankenstein in Helbigsdorf
  • January 1, 1974 Sönitz incorporated into Taubenheim
  • January 1, 1974 Limbach incorporated into the town of Wilsdruff (Kr.Freital)
  • March 1st 1974 incorporation of Nieschütz and Zadel in Diera
  • March 1st, 1974 Sora is incorporated into Klipphausen
  • March 1, 1974 Incorporation of Starbach in Rüsseina
  • March 1, 1974 Wölkisch is incorporated into Zehren
  • March 1, 1974 Jahna-Kagen and Löthain merge to form Jahna-Löthain
  • May 1st, 1974 Wahnitz incorporated into Leuben
  • January 1, 1993 Merger of Leuben and Schleinitz to Leuben-Schleinitz
  • January 1, 1994 Röhrsdorf and Weistropp are incorporated into Klipphausen
  • January 1, 1994 incorporation of Dörschnitz, Neckanitz, Piskowitz b. Zehren, Striegnitz, Wachtnitz and Wuhnitz to the town of Lommatzsch
  • January 1, 1994 Incorporation of Winkwitz into the city of Meißen
  • January 1, 1994 Incorporation of Gröbern, Großdobritz and Ockrilla in Niederau
  • January 1, 1994 Incorporation of Niederlommatzsch in Zehren
  • January 1, 1994 Jahna-Löthain merges. Krögis and Planitz-Deila to Käbschützal
  • January 1, 1994 Merger of Raußlitz, Rüsseina and Ziegenhain to form Ketzerbachtal
  • March 1, 1994 Incorporation of Rhäsa in Ketzerbachtal
  • March 1, 1994 Burkhardswalde-Munzig, Garsebach and Miltitz merge to form Triebischtal

Cross-district reclassifications:

  • December 4, 1952 Staucha was reclassified from the Meißen district to the Riesa district
  • December 4, 1952 Steinbach was reintegrated into the Dresden district (The community had moved from the Grossenhain district to the Dresden district on July 1, 1950).
  • December 4, 1952 Reclassification of Beicha, Lüttewitz, Wetterwitz and Zschochau to the Döbeln district

On May 17, 1990, the district was renamed the Meißen district. On January 1, 1996, the district of Meißen became part of the newly formed district of Meißen-Radebeul , which was renamed the district of Meißen on January 1, 1997 .

economy

The clear center of economic life in the district was the industrial conurbation of Meißen and Coswig. As in the past had porcelain making the greatest economic importance. Meißner porcelain was one of the most famous export goods to the Federal Republic of Germany and was therefore also an important "foreign exchange item" for the GDR. An iron foundry, a sugar boiler and a piano factory were also among the early industrial establishments in the city of Meissen. In the second half of the 19th century, an extensive factory district emerged in the Triebischtal. The ceramic industry dominated the economic life of the city of Meissen (among other things stove tiles, wall tiles). In addition, mechanical engineering and automotive accessories companies, cable, metal goods, textile, shoe, packaging and furniture industries were located here. The town of Coswig was the second industrial center of the district with roller foundry, gear manufacturing, factories for brake and clutch linings and the production of leather, artificial leather, wallpaper, cellulose, paper, pharmaceuticals, lacquer and printing inks.

The extremely fertile loess soils, especially in the area of ​​the Lommatzscher care, made intensive arable farming possible with high yields. Wheat, sugar beets and fruit were the main crops. In Coswig, the formerly widespread viticulture was replaced after the phylloxera infestation of 1886 and 1889 by large commercial gardeners and horticultural companies that cultivated ornamental plants (orchids) as well as asparagus, strawberries, fruit and bog plants. Every two years, the wine and harvest festival in Meißen emphasized the importance of agriculture in the Meißen region.

Tourism was also an important economic factor. The city of Meissen recorded a strong influx of tourists. Excursions to Dresden, Saxon Switzerland and Riesa were possible from here on the Elbe steamers of the “ White Fleet ”.

traffic

The early industrial development in the district was initiated by the convenient location on the northern edge of the "Upper Elbe Valley" conurbation. In 1860 the city of Meißen was connected to this rail network. Regular shipping on the Elbe began in 1852. The important highways from Freiberg to Berlin ( F 101 ) and from Dresden to Leipzig ( F 6 ) crossed in Meißen. In the south, the highways Dresden – Hermsdorfer Kreuz and the Schkeuditzer Kreuz (only opened in 1971) touched the district ( triangle Nossen ), the F 175 ended after 135 km in Nossen.

Population data of cities and municipalities

Population overview of all 41 municipalities in the district that came to the re-established state of Saxony in 1990.

AGS local community Residents Area (ha)
3rd October 1990 December 31, 1990
14040020 Bockwen-Polenz 512 518 680
14040030 Burkhardswalde-Munzig 1,124 1,140 1,060
14040040 Coswig, city 26,123 25,855 2,585
14040050 Deutschebora 840 834 478
14040060 Diera 1,733 1,734 1,841
14040070 Dörschnitz 507 493 1.106
14040090 Garsebach 910 910 417
14040100 Gauernitz 930 934 848
14040110 Coarser 631 638 843
14040120 Grossdobritz 437 432 805
14040130 Heynitz 1,446 1,430 2.127
14040160 Jahna-Löthain 1,520 1,524 2,824
14040190 Clip houses 996 970 1,570
14040200 Krögis 1,247 1,241 1,544
14040210 Leuben 1,224 1,222 1,457
14040230 Lommatzsch, city 4,680 4,645 1,390
14040240 Meissen, city 34,747 34,575 2,623
14040250 Miltitz 695 687 527
14040270 Neckanitz 424 429 873
14040280 Niederau 2,194 2,180 1,396
14040290 Niederlommatzsch 326 326 548
14040310 Nossen, city 6.159 6.122 2,446
14040320 Ockrilla 401 410 477
14040330 Piskowitz b. Consume 300 304 669
14040340 Planitz-Deila 483 480 676
14040360 Raußlitz 858 860 1,269
14040370 Rhäsa 928 929 1.008
14040380 Röhrsdorf 541 548 716
14040400 Rüsseina 828 827 1,217
14040410 Scharfenberg 1,305 1,302 1,412
14040420 Schleinitz 725 718 1,214
14040460 Striegnitz 449 446 1,037
14040470 Tanneberg 662 663 983
14040480 Pigeon home 1,418 1,425 2.005
14040490 Wachtnitz 470 468 716
14040510 Weinböhla 7,787 7,754 1,901
14040520 Weistropp 764 768 986
14040540 Winkwitz 440 438 467
14040570 Wuhnitz 394 398 857
14040590 Consume 1,697 1,694 1.931
14040600 Goat grove 607 610 1,044
14040000 Meißen district 110,462 109,881 50,571

License Plate

Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinctive signs starting with the letter pairs RP , RR and YP from around 1974 to the end of 1990 . The last number plate series used for motorcycles was YU 00-01 to YU 60-00 .

At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinctive sign MEI .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c various (ed.): Diercke Lexicon Germany - German Democratic Republic and Berlin (East), pp. 182-184 . Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-07-508861-7 .
  2. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  3. ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
  4. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
  5. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1997
  6. ↑ Saxony regional register
  7. ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 302 f .
  8. ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 502 .