Grossdobritz
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Grossdobritz
community Niederau
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 50 ″ N , 13 ° 34 ′ 10 ″ E
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| Height : | 162-192 m |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 01689 |
| Area code : | 035249 |
Großdobritz is a district of the municipality Niederau in the district of Meißen in Saxony .
geography
Großdobritz is located in the district of the same name in the northeast of the municipality of Niederau. Neighboring districts of Niederau are Gohlis in the south and Jessen in the west. Several districts of the communities Priestewitz and Ebersbach are located northwest to northeast of Großdobritz . The Moritzburg district of Steinbach is to the east of Großdobritz . Großdobritz extends in a south-east-north-west direction at the source trough and along a stream that drains north towards Grossenhain to Grosse Röder . To the southeast of Großdobritz lies the Friedewald and Moritzburger Teichgebiet nature reserve . Agriculturally used areas surround the relatively closed built district. In the southwest of the corridor is the Großdobritzer forest.
Großdobritz also includes the Buschhaus location in the southeast of the corridor near the Moritzburg border. There encounters a 2010 built roundabout the state road 177 from Meissen to Radeburg on the state road 81 of Dresden - Klotzsche about Auer and Weinböhla - New cultivation of Großenhain. The S81 runs under the name Dresdner Straße also through the Großdobritzer town center. Other streets in Großdobritz are Friedensstraße, Ermendorfer Straße, Am Sechsbeetehübel, Böhlaer Weg and Hohl-, Kirch- and Mühlweg. The latter leads to the distinctive east of the village situated big Dobritzer tower dutch windmill . To the public transport large Dobritz is on the bus lines 458 and 459 of the transport company Meissen connected.
history
The first verifiable evidence of human settlement in the corridor of Großdobritz date from the late Bronze Age . In 1929 archaeological digs took place in the southwest of the corridor. In the run-up to the construction of the OPAL route, excavations took place in the autumn of 2008 near the exit from the town towards Buschhaus. A wooden well shaft from the late Slavic period was found about 200 m from the last houses . By means of a dendroanalysis of the well-preserved remains of wood, the felling of the trees could be dated to the year 918.
The place name was first mentioned in 1350 as "Doberwicz" or "Dobruwist". In any case it is of Old Sorbian origin, but allows different interpretations. On the one hand, it could be derived from "dobry", good in German, possibly derived from "Dobravici" / "Dobrovici" and thus mean "settlement of the people of a Dobrava / Dobr", and it may also have a reference to * dobr / * debr, an Old Sorbian word for valley or gorge.
In a document from the cathedral chapter of Meissen from May 22, 1369, the place name appears for the first time in connection with the Latin word for large as "magna Dobrowicz", in 1378 it is mentioned as "Doberwicz magnum" and in 1396 as "maiori Dobruicz". In the 15./16. In the 19th century it was called “zu Grossen Doberwitz” or “Gros Doberitz”. Since then, the place name has been given the addition of "large" to distinguish it from Döbritzchen, a small town four kilometers away near Lenz , municipality of Priestewitz, instead of the addition of "small" the diminutive "-chen" has prevailed. In 1791 the spelling "Groß Dobritz" is guaranteed, in 1875 the place was used to distinguish it from Großdobritz b. Dresden the name "Großdobritz b. Meissen ”.
The Angersdorf was in 1900 by a 804-hectare Won corridor surrounded. The residents of Großdobritz lived mainly from agriculture ; in 1764 they cultivated an area of 42¼ hooves of 10 to 27 bushels each . Already in 1350 there was an allod and a curia. In the basic rule that: in the United Dobritz to 1547 four owners shared manor Lauterbach and the school district, the Cathedral Chapter and the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Meissen. A Vorwerk in Großdobritz is mentioned in the 18th century . In 1764 Großdobritz was largely an official village. The administration was incumbent on the Hayn Office , partly also the School Office and the Procuratorate Office Meißen. 1816 then to the inheritance of Meißen , proportionately to the office of Pokuratura. In 1856, Großdobritz then belonged to the Meißen court office and then came to the Meißen district administration , from which the district of the same name emerged . On the basis of the rural community order of 1838 , Großdobritz gained its independence as a rural community . It was incorporated into Niederau in 1994.
On the Hegelsberg (197 m) immediately southwest of Großdobritz, a first-order station of the Royal Saxon Triangulation was established in 1866 . Master miller Theodor Missbach built the Dutch windmill in 1899 to replace a post mill built in 1711 that later burned down . It was in operation until 1962 and later lost its wings due to the weather. From 1910 to 1912 the local water pipeline was built in Großdobritz. The pumps were driven by a wind turbine. After a strong storm knocked them over in 1927, the pumps were converted to electric motor drive. Since 1961 the Saxon Hunting and Rifle Club Großdobritz and its predecessors have operated a shooting range on Scheibigholz in the west of the corridor. Due to a restructuring of the fire brigade in the Niederau community, the former Großdobritz and Gohlis local fire departments merged in 2003. The Großdobritz / Gohlis volunteer fire brigade has had a modern fire station since 2009 .
Population development
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church
The most striking building in the village is the Großdobritz village church from 1881/1882, which is characteristic of the town with its size and high tower. As early as the 15th century, the Großdobritzer church was a branch church of Gröbern . Marschau was parish from 1638 and Ermendorf has been since 1845, both villages are now districts of Ebersbach. The Evangelical Lutheran parish has around 200 members in 2020.
literature
- Lössnitz and Moritzburg pond landscape (= values of our homeland . Volume 22). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973, p. 38.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Großdobritz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 41. Issue: Administrative Authority Meißen-Land . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1923, p. 162.
- New Saxon Church Gallery, Volume 13, Ephorie Meißen. Arwed Strauch, Leipzig 1902, Großdobritz
- Saxony's Church Gallery, Volume One , Inspections Dresden, Meissen and St. Afra. Hermann Schmidt, Dresden 1837, Großdobritz
- Lehnbuch Friedrichs des Strengen, Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen 1349/1350, Woldemar Lippert / Hans Beschorner, Verlag BG Teubner Leipzig 1903, Großdobritz
- Registrum dominorum marchionum Missnensium, directory of the income due to the Landgraves in Thuringia and Margraves of Meissen in the Wettin lands 1378, H. Beschorner, Volume I, Leipzig / Berlin 1933
- Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae, Institute for Saxon History and Folklore Dresden, Großdobritz
Web links
- Großdobritz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Ortschronik von Großdobritz on the website of the community Niederau
- Großdobritzer address book from 1905
Individual evidence
- ^ State Office for Archeology Saxony, Großdobritz local file
- ^ State Office for Archeology Saxony, excavation report
- ^ Lehnbuch Friedrichs des Strengen
- ↑ Central State Archive Dresden, inventory 12856, Domkapitel Meissen, Archivalnummer 419
- ↑ Registrum dominorum marchionum Missnensium
- ↑ Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. 1, Berlin 2001. p. 197.
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony
- ^ Chronicle of the village Großdobritz, Erich Grütze / Helmut Witschel 1998.
- ↑ History of the Großdobritz shooting range. Sächsischer Jagd- und Schützenverein Großdobritz 1990 e. V., accessed on July 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Dieter Hanke: Fire department receives new tool shed. In: Saxon newspaper . August 15, 2008, accessed May 10, 2020 .
