Oberau (Niederau)
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Oberau
community Niederau
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 10 ″ N , 13 ° 33 ′ 23 ″ E
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| Height : | 133 m above sea level NN |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Postal code : | 01689 |
| Area code : | 035243 |
Oberau is a district of the municipality Niederau in the district of Meißen in Saxony . It is known for the Oberau tunnel , which is considered to be the first full railway tunnel on the European mainland, and for Oberau Castle .
geography
Oberau is located in the district of the same name in the east of the Niederau municipality. Neighboring places are Niederau in the southwest and Weinböhla in the southeast. Neighboring northeast is Gohlis , and to the west is the Niederau district of Gröbern .
Oberau extends in a northeast-southwest direction on the Niederauer Dorfbach, which flows through Nassau , which extends west of Oberau, to the Elbe near Meißen - Niederfähre . The brook drains the Oberauer ponds east of the district. They are located in the Friedewald and Moritzburg pond area and consist of new, large, Merz, zinc, stone, community, fox and gondola ponds. The Neuteich is also designated as a nature reserve (10.45 hectares, since July 4, 1974), as is the goat bush slopes (approx. 20 hectares, since March 30, 1961) north of the village. In Oberau, the Lusatian Fault occurs in the Gellertberg as a stepped terrain. Agricultural areas surround the district. Much of the built-up area lies within the centuries-old village peace, i.e. the border that separated the farms and gardens of the village from the fields.
The most important street in Oberau is Großdobritzer Straße, the main street that runs through the town center and connects it to Großdobritz via Gohlis . Other local connections lead to Niederau and Gröbern. The streets Am Dorfbach and Thomas-Müntzer-Ring also run in the village center.
To the public transport Oberau is via the bus line 459 of the Meissen transport company connected. In neighboring Niederau there is a railway connection along the Leipzig – Dresden line . This and the Berlin – Dresden railway line run parallel to each other in the east of the Oberauer Flur in a wide arc towards Jessen and Coswig . North of Oberau from 1837/39 to 1933/34 on the Leipzig route was the Oberauer Tunnel , a very early railway tunnel. The street names Tunnelweg and Am Tunnelgraben, which still exist today, refer to it.
history
The place name was first mentioned in 1274 as "Owa". This Middle High German word means “Aue” and stands for Oberau and / or Niederau. Two years later, a document mentions the personal name "Ulricus de Ouwa". Historians therefore assume that there was a manor house in the village in 1276. All mentions from 1433 onwards differentiate between Oberau and Niederau. The forms "obir Ouwe", "Obirauwe", "Vbirawe" and "Oberauwe" are documented. The place name means "settlement in the upper, higher Aue", whereby "Aue" refers to the location on the village stream on the edge of the Nassau . The current spelling is documented in 1791.
The street green village was surrounded in 1900 by a 679 hectare large corridor . The residents of Oberau lived mainly from agriculture ; in 1764 they cultivated an area of 9 3/8 hooves with 36 bushels each . The village of Droschkewitz, described as desolate in 1433, lay east of the village .
A parish church already existed in Oberau around 1500 . The neighboring Gohlis and Kreyern were parish . The Oberau St. Katharinen Church has been a branch church of Niederau since 1829 , and today both form the parish of Niederau-Oberau.
The land rule in Oberau was exercised by the Altzella monastery near Nossen until 1550 , which operated a suburb mentioned in 1541 . Thereafter, the manorial rule went to the manor Batzdorf and thus to the Lords of Miltitz . In the years 1696, 1764 and 1875 a manor was mentioned in Oberau, which was also under Miltitzsch rule. Today's Oberau Castle , an old moated castle, emerged from this.
The administration was initially incumbent on the maintenance department, later the Office Hayn and then in 1843 the Office Meißen . In 1856 Oberau then belonged to the Meißen court office and then joined the Meißen district administration , from which the district of the same name emerged . On the basis of the rural community code of 1838 , Oberau gained its independence as a rural community . The incorporation of the smaller neighboring town of Gohlis took place in 1936. Since July 1, 1950, Oberau has belonged to the municipality of Niederau.
Population development
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people
- Dietrich von Miltitz (born January 30, 1769 in Oberau, † October 29, 1853 in Siebeneichen ), Prussian general
literature
- Lössnitz and Moritzburg pond landscape (= values of our homeland . Volume 22). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973, p. 38.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Oberau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 41. Issue: Administrative Authority Meißen-Land . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1923, p. 385.
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedemann Klenke: Nature reserves in Saxony . Dresden 2008.
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. 2, Berlin 2001. p. 126.
- ↑ a b Oberau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Droschkewitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Our churches: Oberau, St. Katharinen Church. (No longer available online.) Ev.-Luth. Meißen church district, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 13, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 10440 - Land Lordship of Oberau. (No longer available online.) Main State Archive Dresden , formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 13, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Oberau Castle. In: Burgen-und-Schloesser.net. Retrieved September 13, 2013 .
- ^ Niederau: Oberau Castle. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved September 13, 2013 .
