Rural desert

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Rural desert
Coordinates: 50 ° 16 ′ 15 ″  N , 12 ° 19 ′ 51 ″  E
Height : 610 m
Area : 10.53 km²
Residents : 329  (1990)
Population density : 31 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1999
Postal code : 08258
Area code : 037422
Landwüst (Saxony)
Rural desert

Location of Landwüst in Saxony

Landwüst is a district of the town of Markneukirchen in the Vogtlandkreis (Free State of Saxony ). The incorporation took place on January 1, 1999.

Surname

The meaning of the name is interpreted in the historical place-name book of Saxony as “settlement in the state of Saxony, on the state border”, “in a desolate or in an area characterized by numerous desert areas”. Around 1350 the place was surrounded by six desert areas (Tockengrün, Rohrbach , Wernitzgrün , Schönlind , Heide and Winthersreuth).

geography

Overall view from the direction of Sträßl

The Waldhufendorf Landwüst is located in the south of the Saxon part of the historical Vogtland or Upper Vogtland , on the northwest slope of the Wirtsberg (664 m) in the Elster Mountains at an altitude between 570 m and 640 m. The border with the Czech Republic is only two kilometers from the desert in the southeast. Former districts, now deserts , are Tockengrün and Winthersreuth .

Neighboring towns in the northwest are Schönlind, which also belongs to Markneukirchen , and Wernitzgrün to the northeast . In the south, Bad Brambach borders on Landwüst with the two districts Rohrbach and Hennebach . To the west lies the sparsely populated valley of the Rauner Bach, through which the federal road 92 leads from Adorf to the Czech border crossing Vojtanov / Schönberg.

history

St. Laurentius Church in Landwüst

The place was first mentioned as "Lantwste" in 1319, in 1542 the name "Landtwuest" appeared. The noble lords of Landwüst were first mentioned in a document with Bernhard Hermann von Landwüst in 1325. The former manor was abandoned early, in the middle of the fifteenth century the von Landwüsts disappeared from the Vogtland. In the following years the place was divided into different manors.

Located on the old road from Adorf to Eger , rural desert was often affected by the negative consequences of warlike events. In 1385 Franconian feudal lords ravaged the place with murder and pillage. Meißnian mercenaries occupied the desert in the 15th century in order to "beat up" the border villages from here and to build entrenchments . In the Thirty Years' War which demanded plague many victims. During the Peasant War in 1525, the desert was the focus of the uprising in the Upper Vogtland.

Landwüst belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Voigtsberg until 1856 , to the Markneukirchen court office after 1856 and to the Oelsnitz administration from 1875 . As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , the municipality of Landwüst first became part of the Oelsnitz district in July 1952 , but in December 1952 it was incorporated into the Klingenthal district in the Chemnitz district (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which became the Saxon district in 1990 Klingenthal was continued and in 1996 in the Vogtlandkreis.

On January 1, 1999, Landwüst became a district of Markneukirchen by law.

Development of the population

year population
1557 22 possessed men , 1 gardener , 1 cottage owner , 10 residents
1764 49 possessed men, 10 cottagers, 7 1/3 hooves
1834 497
1871 606
year population
1890 548
1910 594
1925 567
1939 551
year population
1946 608
1950 567
1964 423
1990 329

Attractions

Lookout tower and triangulation column on the Wirtsberg near Landwüst
Pigeon house and stable house in the Vogtland open-air museum
  • Vogtland Open Air Museum Landwüst , opened in 1968. Representation of the way of working and living of the rural population in the Upper Vogtland from the beginning of the 19th to the first half of the 20th century. Several buildings can be visited, some of which were built before 1800. A typical Egerland half-timbered gable with a gable surrounding can be seen on a residential stable house built in 1782 .
  • Lookout tower on the 664 m high Wirtsberg . The building is popularly known as the “lemon squeezer” because of its shape.
  • St. Laurentius Church at the southern entrance to the village with an organ by the Adorf organ builder Trampeli
  • Memorial to the fallen of the First and Second World Wars
  • Saxon post mile pillar , quarter milestone from 1725 with the row number 79 on Schönlinder Strasse junction Rauner Strasse, replica of a full mile pillar in front of the museum
  • Schwedenschanze, a defensive installation built at the time of the Schmalkaldic War , reinforced in 1632

literature

Web links

Commons : Landwüst (Markneukirchen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Landwüst in the digital historical place directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Ed.): Historical book of place names of Saxony , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber, 3 volumes, de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , Volume I: A – L, p. 558 ( Link to the digitized version , accessed on March 18, 2019)
  2. ^ Tockengrün in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ↑ Winthersreuth in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  4. ^ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Areligen Häuser, Part A, year 41, 1942
  5. ↑ The moated castle Landwüst on www.sachsens-schloesser.de
  6. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 74 f.
  7. ↑ The Oelsnitz District Administration in the municipal directory 1900
  8. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany 1999 (Excel file). Retrieved April 27, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Information on incorporation in the Saxony regional register. Retrieved April 27, 2012 .
  10. ↑ See Landwüst in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony