District of Eilenburg
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| District : | Leipzig |
| Administrative headquarters : | Eilenburg |
| Area : | 489 km² |
| Residents: | 51,813 (June 30, 1985) |
| Population density: | 106 inhabitants per km² |
| License plate : | S and U (1953–1990) SH (1974–1990) EB (1991–1994) |
| Circle structure: | 2 cities, 29 municipalities |
| Location of the district in the GDR | |
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The Eilenburg district was a district in the Leipzig district of the GDR . From 1990 to 1994 it existed as the district of Eilenburg in the administrative district of Leipzig in Saxony . His area is now in the district of North Saxony . The seat of the district administration was in Eilenburg .
geography
The district of Eilenburg was after the district of Torgau with 489 km² the second largest in the district . Of this, 334 km² were used for agriculture in 1985, 128 km² of the district area was forested.
location
The district lay on both sides of the Mulde in the northern part of the Leipzig district.
Neighboring areas
The Eilenburg district bordered clockwise to the north, beginning with the Graefenhainichen and Wittenberg districts ( Halle district ), Torgau , Wurzen , Leipzig-Land , Delitzsch ( Leipzig district ) and Bitterfeld (Halle district).
Natural space
The district included the northeast of the Leipzig lowland bay and part of the North Saxon heathland . In the north in the Prell and Noitzscher Heide and east of the Mulde in the Dübener Heide mostly coniferous forests grew. The rest of the district belonged to the clay slabs of the Leipzig lowland bay. South of Eilenburg in the terminal moraine landscape of Taucha was the 160 m high Heidenberg, the highest point in the district. Prell- and Noitzscher Heide, the combing forest west of Eilenburg and the Muldenaue were under landscape protection .
history
The law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of the state organs in the states in the German Democratic Republic of July 23, 1952 resulted in an extensive district reform in the five remaining states of the GDR . On July 25, 1952, the federal states were dissolved and 14 districts were established. Here traditional circles were dissolved or divided into smaller circles, whereby there were also changes of area beyond the borders of the former 5 countries. The district of Eilenburg - formed from communities of the districts of Delitzsch , Torgau and Bitterfeld - was assigned to the district of Leipzig , the city of Eilenburg became the district seat .
The district was formed in 1952 from the following municipalities:
- 32 communities from the Delitzsch district :
- Battaune, Doberschütz, Eilenburg, Gallen, Glaucha, Gotha, Groitzsch, Gruna, Hainichen, Hohenprießnitz, Jesewitz, Kollau, Kospa, Krippehna, Laußig, Liemehna, Mölbitz, Mörtitz, Naundorf, Paschwitz, Pehritzsch, Pressen, Pristäblich, Rödgen, Schnitzel, Sprotta, Tiefensee, Wedelwitz, Wellaune, Wöllnau, Wölpern and Zschepplin;
- 6 municipalities from the Torgau district :
- Falkenberg, Pressel, Schöna, Strelln, Wildenhain and Wildschütz;
- 4 municipalities in the Bitterfeld district :
- Authausen, Durchwehna, Görschlitz and Kossa.
As a result of reclassifications across district boundaries and changes to the municipal area, the number of municipalities fell from 42 initially to 26 when the district was dissolved at the end of July 1994:
- December 4, 1952 Reclassification of the city of Bad Düben from the Graefenhainichen district to the Eilenburg district
- December 4, 1952 Reclassification of Audenhain, Mockrehna and Roitzsch from the Torgau district to the Eilenburg district
- December 4, 1952, move from Kollau to the Wurzen district
- April 1, 1953 Reclassification of Falkenberg, Gräfendorf and Roitzsch from the Eilenburg district to the Torgau district
- October 11, 1965 Merger of Kospa and Pressen to form Kospa-Pressen
- 1st October 1972 incorporation of Groitzsch in Gotha
- 1st October 1972 incorporation of Rödgen in Naundorf
- January 1, 1973 Incorporation of Pristäblich in Laussig
- January 1, 1973 incorporation of Mölbitz in Paschwitz
- January 1st 1974 incorporation of Hainichen and Wedelwitz into the city of Eilenburg
- January 1st 1974 incorporation of Wölpern in Jesewitz
- January 1, 1974 Incorporation of Durchwehna in Kossa
- 1st January 1974 incorporation of Gruna in Laußig
- 1st January 1974 incorporation of Gallen in Liemehna
- January 1, 1974 Görschlitz incorporated into Pressel
- March 14, 1990 Krippehna is outsourced from Naundorf
- January 1st, 1993 Wellaune is incorporated into the city of Bad Düben
- March 1, 1994 Relocation of Audenhain from the Eilenburg district to the Torgau district
- March 1, 1994 Integration of Gotha, Liemehna and Pehritzsch in Jesewitz
On May 17, 1990, the district was renamed the Eilenburg district. For reunification of the circle was the ländereinführungsgesetz the re-established land Saxony awarded. During the first Saxon district reform on August 1, 1994, it was divided between the Delitzsch (21 communities) and Torgau-Oschatz (5 communities) districts.
Population development
| extrapolated population (at the end of the year) |
Census results | |||
| 1950 | 52,200 | October 29, 1946 | 57,639 | |
| 1955 | 49,600 | August 31, 1950 | 53,042 | |
| 1960 | 49,235 | December 31, 1964 | 50,924 | |
| 1965 | 51,301 | 1st January 1971 | 51,933 | |
| 1970 | 51,657 | December 31, 1981 | 51,810 | |
| 1975 | 52,841 | |||
| 1980 | 52,255 | |||
| 1985 | 51,871 | |||
| 1990 | 48,397 | |||
cities and communes
Population as of June 30, 1990
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economy
The industrial locations of the predominantly agricultural district were in the district town ( VEB Eilenburger Chemiewerk , VEB Eilenburger Baustoffmaschinenwerk ), in Bad Düben (VEB machine tool factory) and in Laußig (gas and prestressed concrete works). In 1959, the Eilenburg district was the first district in the GDR whose farmers were exclusively organized in agricultural production cooperatives. At that time the term “first fully cooperative circle in the GDR” was coined. The main crops were wheat, potatoes and fodder crops.
Gainful employment
| Employees 1985 (in percent) | |
|---|---|
| Industry | 35.6 |
| Agriculture | 21.5 |
| Construction industry | 4.8 |
| Transport, postal and telecommunications | 6.9 |
| trade | 9.2 |
| Others | 22.0 |
| All in all | 100 |
Hospitals
- District Hospital Eilenburg
- Forest Hospital Bad Düben
traffic
Road network
The trunk roads F 2 and F 87 represented the most important traffic arteries. The length of the trunk roads in the district area was 90 kilometers, that of the country roads 158 kilometers and that of the municipal roads 600 kilometers. Five trunk roads ran through the Eilenburg district:
- Eilenburg was on the F 87 ( Frankfurt (Oder) –Leipzig– Ilmenau ) and the F 107 ( Karl-Marx-Stadt - Pritzwalk ).
- Bad Düben was on the F 2 (Berlin – Leipzig – Gera – Inner German border ) and the F 183 ( Köthen - Bad Liebenwerda ). In addition, the F 183a (to Brehna ) ran through the district.
Rail network
The district of Eilenburg had a rail network about 68 kilometers long, operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn . The following course book sections (KBS) led through the district:
- Leipzig - Eilenburg - Cottbus (KBS 210) ( railway line Leipzig-Eilenburg )
- Eilenburg - Halle (Saale) (KBS 216) ( Halle – Cottbus line )
- Eilenburg - Lutherstadt Wittenberg (KBS 215) ( Pretzsch – Eilenburg railway line )
- Eilenburg - Wurzen (KBS 503, passenger traffic discontinued in 1978) (Eilenburg – Wurzen railway )
All four routes met at Eilenburg station . The first two were electrified in the 1980s.
Furthermore, a single-track line laid out for military purposes in the 1980s led north past Eilenburg. It branched off the Eilenburg – Wittenberg line at the Mörtitz stop, ended at the Mulde (in the event of war, a makeshift bridge was to be built there, the associated elements were stored nearby), and led from the western bank of the Mulde to the confluence with the Eilenburg – Halle line at Kospa.
In addition, there were works railways, of which the Eilenburg chemical plant had the most extensive track systems.
License Plate
After 1952, the vehicles registered in the district were given license plates with the initials S and U (as in the entire Leipzig district). Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinguishing signs beginning with the pair of letters SH from around 1974 to the end of 1990 . The last number of plates used for motorcycles was UA 50-01 to UA 80-00 .
In early 1991, the district received the distinctive sign EB . It was issued until July 31, 1994. It has been available again in the northern Saxony district since November 9, 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Diercke Lexicon Germany - German Democratic Republic and Berlin (East) . Georg Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-07-508861-7 , p. 83 .
- ↑ Law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of the state organs in the states in the GDR of July 23, 1952. Online at www.verfassungen.de.
- ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ No butter without food . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1960 ( online - "From the Soviet Zone Press").
- ^ Sachsenschiene.de - Railways in Saxony. Retrieved April 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 302 .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 529 .