Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land district
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| District of the GDR | Karl Marx City |
| County seat | Karl Marx City |
| surface | 291 km² (1989) |
| Residents | 99,126 (1989) |
| Population density | 341 inhabitants / km² (1989) |
| License Plate | T and X |
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| The Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land district in the Karl-Marx-Stadt district |
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The Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land district (at the beginning and end of the short-term Chemnitz-Land district ) was a district in the Karl-Marx-Stadt district of the GDR . From 1990 to 1994 it existed as the district of Chemnitz in Saxony . His area today belongs to the independent city of Chemnitz , the district of central Saxony , the Erzgebirge district and the district of Zwickau in Saxony.
geography
location
The district was located on the northern edge of the Ore Mountains and encircled the urban district of Karl-Marx-Stadt.
Neighboring areas
The district of Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land bordered in a clockwise direction in the northwest with the districts of Rochlitz , Hainichen , Flöha , the district of Karl-Marx-Stadt , Zschopau , Stollberg , Hohenstein-Ernstthal and Glauchau .
landscape
The western and eastern parts of the district lay in the Erzgebirge basin. This landscape between Zwickau and Karl-Marx-Stadt did not, as the name suggests, represent a continuous basin. The hill country west of Karl-Marx-Stadt was divided by the Mulde valleys of the Würschnitz and the Kappelbach. There were industrial sites in the valleys, and on the ridges the arable land predominated over the forest. This also applied to the loamy and loamy-sandy plateaus in the southern part of the district, which belonged to the Lower Western Ore Mountains. Here the district in the Kemtauer Felsen (583 m) reached its highest point. In a narrow and mostly steep-walled valley, the Zwönitz flowed through the Kemtau Forest nature reserve. Between 1890 and 1893 a dam was built near Einsiedel to supply Chemnitz with drinking water.
The northern part of the district belonged to the Central Saxon loess loam area. Forest remnants are only preserved here on the valley slopes of the rivers. The forested nature reserve Rabensteiner Wald-Pfaffenberg with the 483 m high Totenstein was an exception. The Chemnitz broke through the mountains in a narrow valley in which the Swiss Valley landscape protection area lay below Markersdorf.
history
As early as 1874, the administrative authority of Chemnitz had been set up in the Kingdom of Saxony and was renamed the Chemnitz district in 1939 . After 1945 the district of Chemnitz belonged to the state of Saxony and thus to the GDR since 1949 .
On July 25, 1952, a comprehensive district reform took place in the GDR, in which, among other things, the states lost their importance and new districts were founded. Parts of the Chemnitz district fell to the new Stollberg district. The Chemnitz-Land district (renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land district in 1953 ) was formed from the remaining district area together with part of the Rochlitz district . It was assigned to the Chemnitz district (renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), the city of Chemnitz (renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt in 1953) was the seat of the district .
The district of Chemnitz gave up the following communities in 1952:
- the municipality of Oberlichtenau to the district of Flöha
- the community of Wüstenbrand to the district of Hohenstein-Ernstthal
- 14 municipalities in the Stollberg district :
- Auerbach, Brünlos, Dorfchemnitz, Gornsdorf, Günsdorf, Hormersdorf, Jahnsdorf, Leukersdorf, Meinersdorf, Niederdorf, Pfaffenhain, Stollberg, Thalheim and Ursprung.
- 22 communities remained in the old district of Chemnitz :
- Adorf, Altenhain, Auerswalde, Bräunsdorf, Burkhardtsdorf, Dittersdorf, Einsiedel, Euba, Garnsdorf, Grüna, KÄNDER, Kemtau, Klaffenbach, Kleinolbersdorf, Limbach-Oberfrohna, Mittelbach, Neukirchen, Niederfrohna, Pleißa, Röhrsdorf and Wittgensdorf.
They formed, supplemented by
- 7 municipalities from the Rochlitz district :
- Burgstädt, Hartmannsdorf, Helsdorf, Köthensdorf-Reitzenhain, Mohsdorf, Mühlau and Taura,
the new district of Chemnitz-Land .
The city (urban district), the district (district) and the district of Chemnitz were renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt on May 10, 1953 , and the renaming took place at the beginning of 1990.
In particular, reclassifications from other districts contributed to an increase in the number of municipalities, which was 31 when the district was dissolved:
- Dec. 04, 1952 - Reclassification Claussnitz, Diethensdorf and Markersdorf b. Burgstädt from the Rochlitz district to the Chemnitz-Land district
- Dec. 04, 1952 - Niederlichtenau and Oberlichtenau are reclassified from the Flöha district to the Chemnitz-Land district
- January 1, 1967 - Merzdorf is reclassified from the Hainichen district and incorporated into the Niederlichtenau community
- January 01, 1974 - Helsdorf is incorporated into the town of Burgstädt
- April 1, 1974 - Kleinolbersdorf and Altenhain merge to form the Gde. Kleinolbersdorf-Altenhain
- January 1, 1994 - Niederlichtenau and Oberlichtenau merge to form Gde. Lichtenau
- March 1, 1994 - Diethensdorf and Markersdorf b. Burgstädt in the district of Claussnitz
On May 17, 1990, the Chemnitz-Land district was renamed the Chemnitz district. On the occasion of the reunification of the two German states, the district was awarded to the re-established state of Saxony in October 1990. During the first Saxon district reform on August 1, 1994, it became part of the new districts of Chemnitzer Land (with eight communities) and Mittweida (with nine communities). The southern places were incorporated into the Stollberg district and the city of Chemnitz.
Population development
| Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land district | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1971 | 1981 | 1989 | |||||
| Residents | 122,411 | 107,591 | 99.126 | |||||
economy
The district of Karl-Marx-Stadt was very industrialized. Around three quarters of the industrial workers worked in the textile industry. The most important industrial locations were Burgstädt and Limbach-Oberfrohna . It was not until the relatively late rail connection from Burgstädt in 1872 to the main Leipzig-Chemnitz railway line that greater industrialization was encouraged in the city. Burgstadt's industry comprised textile machine construction, metal goods manufacture, fine spinning, as well as jersey, glove, food and cardboard manufacture. Limbach-Oberfrohna and the surrounding communities had a similar production profile. In 1872 the city was connected to the railway network by a branch line. In 1946–1949 Heinrich Mauersberger developed the “ Malimo ” stitch-knitting process in Limbach-Oberfrohna (Mauersberger-Limbach-Moltongewebe, a new textile finished product and manufacturing process), which since 1954 led to a revolution in the GDR's textile industry. The first steam engine in the Saxon textile industry was installed in Mühlau near Burgstädt in 1826.
traffic
Local traffic in the district was geared towards Karl-Marx-Stadt. Commuter flows and long-distance traffic used seven long-distance traffic and five country roads, which tapered towards Karl-Marx-Stadt. Seven railway lines also run through the district into the district town. Via the interchanges Wüstenbrand, Rabenstein-Karl-Marx-Stadt and Karl-Marx-Stadt-Nord was the western and northern district of the highway Hermsdorfer Kreuz - Dresden and passed on to the connection Karl-Marx-Stadt-south highway to Plauen connected .
Population data
Population overview of all 31 municipalities in the district that came to the re-established state of Saxony in 1990.
| AGS | local community | Residents | Area (ha) | |
| 3rd October 1990 | December 31, 1990 | |||
| 14018010 | Adorf / Erzgeb. | 1 457 | 1 409 | 672 |
| 14018030 | Auerswalde | 2 283 | 2,275 | 1 167 |
| 14018040 | Bräunsdorf | 1 114 | 1 110 | 696 |
| 14018050 | Burgstädt , city | 12 609 | 12 495 | 2 027 |
| 14018060 | Burkhardtsdorf | 3,924 | 3 899 | 1 028 |
| 14018070 | Claussnitz | 1,980 | 1 992 | 1 096 |
| 14018080 | Diethensdorf | 507 | 505 | 490 |
| 14018090 | Dittersdorf | 1 973 | 1 963 | 1 184 |
| 14018100 | Einsiedel | 3 194 | 3 167 | 1 093 |
| 14018110 | Euba | 1 199 | 1 193 | 1 173 |
| 14018120 | Garnsdorf | 654 | 657 | 651 |
| 14018130 | Grüna | 4,529 | 4,536 | 1 381 |
| 14018140 | Hartmannsdorf | 4 851 | 4 820 | 1 028 |
| 14018160 | Dealer | 1 576 | 1 533 | 315 |
| 14018170 | Kemtau | 1 548 | 1 545 | 596 |
| 14018180 | Klaffenbach | 1 830 | 1 821 | 864 |
| 14018190 | Kleinolbersdorf-Altenhain | 1 321 | 1 316 | 1 308 |
| 14018200 | Koethensdorf-Reitzenhain | 819 | 813 | 449 |
| 14018210 | Limbach-Oberfrohna , city | 22 323 | 22 324 | 1 580 |
| 14018220 | Markersdorf b. Burgstädt | 1 276 | 1 261 | 525 |
| 14018230 | Mittelbach | 1 536 | 1 528 | 694 |
| 14018240 | Mohsdorf | 952 | 946 | 520 |
| 14018250 | Mühlau | 2 205 | 2 201 | 808 |
| 14018260 | Neukirchen / Erzgeb. | 5 287 | 5,300 | 1 340 |
| 14018270 | Niederfrohna | 2,332 | 2 304 | 1 010 |
| 14018280 | Niederlichtenau | 1 348 | 1 337 | 1 139 |
| 14018290 | Oberlichtenau | 1 135 | 1 096 | 376 |
| 14018300 | Pleissa | 2 022 | 1 971 | 722 |
| 14018310 | Röhrsdorf | 2 422 | 2 411 | 1 217 |
| 14018320 | Taura b. Burgstädt | 2 204 | 2 188 | 663 |
| 14018330 | Wittgensdorf | 5 108 | 5 061 | 1 254 |
| 14018 | Chemnitz district | 97 518 | 96 977 | 29 069 |
License Plate
Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinctive signs from around 1974 to the end of 1990 (as it was already known as the Chemnitz district), beginning with the letter pairs TJ , TK , TL , TM , XJ , XK , XL and XM . The last number plate series used for motorcycles was XX 00-01 to XX 99-99 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Statistical Yearbooks of the German Democratic Republic. In: DigiZeitschriften. Retrieved October 6, 2009 .
- ↑ a b c various (ed.): Diercke Lexicon Germany - German Democratic Republic and Berlin (East) . Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-07-508861-7 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
- ↑ Saxony regional register
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 303 .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 526 .