Stützerbach

Stützerbach City of Ilmenau
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′ 6 ″  N , 10 ° 51 ′ 44 ″  E
Height :	620 m
Area :	11.37 km²
Residents :	1352  (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	119 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 2019
Postal code :	98694
Area code :	036784

Stützerbach is a district of the city of Ilmenau in the Ilm district ( Thuringia ). The place was divided for centuries and therefore has two churches and cemeteries. Stützerbach gained literary fame through the visits of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . As Minister of State of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , he often stayed in Ilmenau and 13 times in Stützerbach.

location

Located on the northeast slope of the Thuringian Forest , Stützerbach is only about 3 km from the ridge path of the Thuringian Forest, the Rennsteig . The place stretches in the valley of the Lengwitz , along the upper reaches of the Ilm . The Lengwitz, the actual source river of the Ilm, rises south of Stützerbach . To the north of the village, it joins the Taubach and Freibach streams. From this confluence on, the water is called the Ilm.

Because of the unfavorable climatic conditions with an average of 173 frost days and an annual rainfall of 1,100 mm, traditional agriculture with grain cannot produce good harvests, only rye and oats were sown because of the harsh weather. It was only with the introduction of the potato in chopping that the farmers could cultivate a crop that did justice to the climatic situation of the place. However, potato rot also resulted in crop failures and the resulting famine.

history

The Evangelical Trinity Church (Trinitatiskirche), built in Weim.-Stützerbach in 1716

The Protestant Christ Church built in 1901

The first indirect mention of the place took place around 1506 by naming the forest place "Stoczerbach". The current name Stützerbach first appeared on October 18, 1570 and referred to a ducal farm called “in Stutzerbach”, which was used as a horse breeding stud. The forests on the plateau, which had already been cleared by charcoal burners and lumberjacks, were converted into alpine meadows, south of Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig the field names "Stutenhaus" and "Hengstwiese" are reminiscent of other components of this former horse breeding. The first building in the village is said to have been Kunert's mill , which the Ilmenau papermaker Hans Meißner bought in 1655 . His brother-in-law was the forest ranger Sebastian Grahner , who was responsible for the Stützerbach Forest and apparently helped with the purchase. The next building in sight of the mill was the first Stützerbach glassworks around 1648.

As a result of the regional historical development, the Rennsteig initially marked the northern border of the county of Henneberg - in this part of the area it belongs to the Schleusingen Castle Office. The towns north of the Rennsteig were considered the home of the Counts of Kefernburg and the Blackburg Counts in the Middle Ages . An important border point was the Kleine Dreiherrenstein on the Rennsteig. The brook Lengwitz also became a section of the border of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar with the administrative center of Ilmenau in 1660/61 . At that time, Stützerbach, which consisted of five residential buildings, became part of the Ilmenau office . The part on the other side had been part of the Schleusingen Castle Office since the Middle Ages and was part of the Duchy of Saxony-Naumburg-Zeitz when it was partitioned in 1660 , which became part of the Electorate of Saxony in 1718 . After the end of Napoleon's foreign rule, the Kingdom of Prussia was also awarded the Schleusingen office in 1815. The western part of today's village Stützerbach was administered accordingly as "Preußisch-Stützerbach", the eastern part as "Weimarisch-Stützerbach". Around 1800, both districts of Stützerbach consisted of 45 houses in which 279 residents lived from forest work, paper and glassmaking and trade. In connection with the expansion of the Ilmenau mines, so-called "water arts" had to be created; these were mill-like pumping stations that were driven by wooden rods with water wheels. Before these pumping stations could be used, ponds and moats had to be dug up into the Stützerbach corridor. The first structures were erected in 1611. The trenches and grounds were neglected during the Thirty Years War. From 1661 to 1693, three more dams were built in the valley of the Freibach, the remains of which can still be seen in the area today. In several dam breaks, both Stützerbach and Manebach and Ilmenau were damaged. The large break in the lower open-air pond on the night of May 9, 1739 devastated the mining facilities and brought mining to a standstill for decades.

Stützerbach in the 18th century

Home of the businessman Johann Elias Glaser		The Gundelach House, with the "Goethe Museum"

From 1648 the first glassmakers from Gehlberg and Lauscha settled in Stützerbach . The glassworks were always founded in wooded valleys, as wood was the most important raw material for the glassmakers. A glassmaker Johann Holland acquired rights of use from the Saxon-Meiningische administration in 1656. Hans Greiner , a partner in this hut, founded a new glassworks in the middle of the village, on the "Hüttenplatz" after the town was divided in 1660, and now located in Weimar . The glassworks owners already resident in Ilmenau also tried to gain a foothold in the Stützerbach, which is still surrounded by dense forests. The ironworks, however, was unprofitable, as the glassmakers were constantly receiving increased prices for the necessary timber licenses from the forest administration. The reason for this may have been the princes' passion for hunting. The area (still) rich in game was one of the Weimarer Hof's preferred hunting grounds . Duke Ernst August was even willing to build a hunting lodge on the hill now called "Schlossberg", which he commissioned in 1732 as the Dianenburg hunting lodge and which was completed around 1737. The construction work was so poor that the main building had to be demolished as early as 1748, as mold had developed everywhere. The furniture and inventory were auctioned or given away. The park belonging to the castle had a few terraces with trees and flower beds and a grotto that was still there for a few years.

The two Stützerbach (around 1850)

During the numerous stays, the ducal hunting party mostly used the representative residential buildings of the glassworks owner Gundlach and the wealthy businessman Johann Elias Glaser . The Dreieinigkeitskirche in the Weimar district was the first church to be built; Goethe passed on a view of the building in his sketch pad.

Stützerbach (e.g. Theil - the remaining part is Royal Prussian) on the right bank of the Lengwitz, came to the office in 1731.
Important meadow wax, good cattle breeding, little artland, excellent spring water. 1 grinding, 1 cutting, 1 paper mill. 1 forestry.
365 pop., 50 houses, Joh.Wilh. Baur is the mayor.

The beginnings of the glass industry in Stützerbach

A tumbler blower in his workshop in Stützerbach

The neighboring southern Thuringian region around Lauscha was the center of Thuringian glass production in the 19th century, glassworks worked in almost every place around Lauscha and quickly lost profitability due to the constantly rising operating costs. The search for special makes and manufacturing techniques became vital for the continued existence of a glassworks. In Stützerbach, Wilhelm Berkes succeeded in testing new glass recipes in the Greiner glassworks to develop a material that was suitable for the manufacture of glass instruments. The chemical research flourishing at this time was an ideal field of activity and sales market for such glass apparatus. In cooperation with well-known researchers and institutes, the Stützerbach instrument and glass device construction became the basis for the development of new and often revolutionary inventions:

• 1830 Production of the first German thermometer by the Stützerbach Franz Ferdinand Greiner and the traveling journeyman Wilhelm Berkes. The very innovative company soon produced 64 different types of aerometers , thermometers and other physical and technical instruments. The often very fragile instruments became a profitable business and created the basis of the "thermometer industry" in the Ilmenau area.
• 1883 Production of the first incandescent lamp made in Germany by the Greiner & Friedrichs family.
• 1885 Manufacture of the first thermos glass jar by the Greiner & Friedrichs family.
• 1896 Production of the first X-ray tube by the same company.
• The foundation of the world-famous Jenaer Glaswerke also goes back to Stützerbach glass traditions: In 1879 Otto Schott worked with the Greiner & Friedrichs company on the development of a "fire-resistant" glass that later became known under the brand name "Jenaer Glas".
• The connection technology presented in 1924 as a standard cut revolutionized the often problematic structure of laboratory devices and resulted in the creation of a modular principle with which inexpensive laboratory parts and device sets could be offered as catalog goods.

The emergence of the Stützerbach health resort

The station opened in 1904

Since 1870 the place has been visited for the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. For many people, the stimulating climate on the Rennsteig has a beneficial effect on the organism. The movement in the quiet, free nature, the dust-free breathing air and the many other factors of the mountain climate were touted by the spa doctors of the beginning of the 20th century as a reason for a stay in the Kneipp spa town of Stützerbach. In fact, at that time, the Stützerbach, which was praised as a natural idyll, was on the threshold of the industrial site, the railway line, inaugurated in 1904, and the chimneys of the glass factories were clearly visible. In order to defend the health resort title, the Kneipp treatment had to be given priority. In the GDR era, Kneipp tourism was organized by the FDGB holiday service. About 3800 holiday guests and 1400 spa patients visited Stützerbach every year; a cure was usually approved for four weeks.

The recent history of the place

Partial view of the location

After the First World War, the Prussian Stützerbach came to the Arnstadt district. The development of the glass industry remained the economic basis of the town, which was divided until 1945, until the Second World War. During the war, from 1942 to 1945, over 100 people, mainly from the Soviet Union , were used in the village for forced labor : in the Greiner & Friedrichs glassworks , in the forestry department , in the Heintz company , in the Heym, Wenz & Witzmann glassworks , at the company Fritz, Franz & Co and at EASchmidt .

In 1945 the entrepreneurs Friedrichs left the Soviet occupation zone together with many glassblowers and settled in Wertheim in Lower Franconia . Even today there is the name "Klein Ilmenau" for several streets. The company "Greiner und Friedrichs", regarded by the Nazis as an armaments factory, was transferred to public ownership and continued to produce as "VEB Westglas" during the GDR era.

In the GDR , the glassblowers joined together in a production cooperative of the craft (PGH), which was taken over in 1973 as a glass assembly and application company by the VEB Werk für Technisches Glas Ilmenau and was one of its main departments from 1977 to 1990. After the turnaround, these were initially privatized in accordance with the Trust Act and soon largely liquidated. The Stützerbach company was finally demolished in 1995 by the Treuhandanstalt .

At the same time, a new glass company specializing in laboratory glass was founded in 1991 by the descendants of the Friedrichs family.

In 1994 the place became part of the Ilm district. Since 1996, Stützerbach belonged to the Rennsteig administrative community based in Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig . On January 1, 2019, the community was incorporated into Ilmenau.

and display information about the image

View from the Schlossberg over the entire place

Population development

Development of the population:

1843-811 1939-2,961 1989 - 2,032 2005 - 1,627 2010 - 1,473 2015 - 1,413

Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values ​​from December 31st

Churches

Stützerbach is still equipped with two churches today. These are the Trinity Church on the former Weimar side of the place and the Christ Church as the main church on the former Prussian side .

Trinity Church

The Trinity Church was consecrated on February 16, 1716. At that time the church looked more like a stable than a house of worship. However, that changed quickly.

In 1894 a Kühn organ was built on the gallery. This has 12 sounding registers , distributed over 2 manuals and pedal . Its structure is considered unique, so it is often only visited because of the technology.

Interior view of the chancel with positive organ

politics

mayor

Due to the incorporation into Ilmenau, Stützerbach only has one local mayor . This honorary position is currently carried out by Frank Juffa (SPD).

coat of arms

Blazon : “In green, split by a silver wavy bar, in front a silver five-pointed stag pole with grind; behind a silver spruce that has been torn out "

Justification of the coat of arms: The graphic structure of the coat of arms symbolizes the historical division of the place along the Lengwitz. In addition, the heraldically stylized spruce, together with the classic heraldic stylized stag pole, symbolizes the geographical location of the place in the central Thuringian Forest. The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar and approved on July 30, 1997 by the Thuringian State Administration Office.

Culture and tourism

• In 1999, the orchestra, which today appears under the name STÜBAphilharmonie , which is derived from the place name, was founded in Stützerbach , which, in addition to concerts in Germany and abroad, was best known for its joint appearances with the Erfurt singer Clueso .
• The place is characterized by the Kneipp treatments . There was already a lively spa business in the 1950s. The patients were housed privately or in an FDGB ward and underwent curative treatments in the “Weißes Roß” inn.
• The multitude of springs in the Stützerbach area combined with constantly changing weather influences ( stimulating climate ) led to the fact that Stützerbach developed into a Kneipp spa. Particularly circulatory , cardiac and vascular diseases , migraines or circulatory or metabolic disorders have been treated here since 1870 using the methods of Sebastian Kneipp .
• There are two museums in the village. On the one hand there is the local history and glass museum next to the tourist information in the Haus des Gastes , on the other hand the Gundelachsche house contains the Goethemueseum .
• The largest natural swimming pool in Thuringia is located in Stützerbach .
• The 19-kilometer Goethe hiking trail through the Thuringian Forest connects Stützerbach with Ilmenau .

Dialect rehearsal

The following example was written in the Stützerbach dialect around 1930.

“ Ma Stetzerboch! (Gertrude Hesse-Holzhauer)

Ma Stetzerboch, how are you so beautiful,
When I look to the window
early and all then see bright Heisle,
Wi washed by Dah in the night.
The bämer in the meantime, the dark barg off the heights,
how ma Harz comes up in all the brights!

The deibles fly into the lock barg rem,
Kä Hond clenches and kä Gickler screams,
Dr Räsbarg hot nuch sa Schalduch em,
The Leit in Darm , the limp is called,
Who han singing until late at night
yesterday without cheering, danced and laughed.

Etz squeezes to the left of the Heh ä Sonnestrahl,
Thu in Grendle the Heisle shimmer like gold,
The white clouds shimmer like Blisch
Un threshing the sky so blab and so fresh.
As green as the Schloßbarg is kä Barg off the
world`s gitt can stain of dr Ard, if mer like better!

"

Economy and Infrastructure

• The former federal road 4 , today's state road 3004, connects Stützerbach with the cities of Ilmenau and Schleusingen .
• Stützerbach has a train station on the Rennsteigbahn . Between 1904 and 1998 trains ran here from Erfurt via Ilmenau and Schleusingen to Themar . Since June 15, 2014, the "RennsteigShuttle" (since 2017 line 46 of the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn ) has been running every two hours to the Rennsteig train station or to Ilmenau and Erfurt on weekends and public holidays .
• On weekdays, Stützerbach is connected to Ilmenau or Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig and Suhl via bus line 300 .
• The 124 km long Ilm cycle path runs through Stützerbach and joins the Rennsteig cycle path at Stützerbach.
• In 1998 a senior citizens' residential park was opened here, which offers elderly citizens the necessary care and takes advantage of the location of the place.
• The place is characterized by the 700 m high mountains, meadows and forests. From here you can hike the highest mountains in Thuringia, the Große Beerberg (982 m) and the Schneekopf (978 m), as well as the Finsterberg (944 m) and the Kickelhahn (861 m).
• After the fall of 1989/90, little remained of the glass industry, which was once recognized in many parts of the world. A laboratory device and measuring device manufacturer upholds the tradition of the Stützerbach glassmakers : in 1992 the company ILS - Innovative Laboratory Systems Stützerbach was founded. The company with around 20 employees is the only manufacturer of microliter syringes in Germany.
• The Kur-Natur-Lehrinstitut Stützerbach has the legal form of a non-profit GmbH and has been training physiotherapists since 1992 .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

• Franz Ferdinand Greiner (1808–1855), developed the first industrially manufactured German thermometer together with Wilhelm Berkes
• Eduard Heintz (1881–1974), glassmaker, works council chairman and politician
• Herbert G. Göpfert (1907–2007), publisher, editor-in-chief at Carl Hanser Verlag, honorary professor
• Bodo Kühn (1912–2012), writer

People related to the place

• The Greiner family , lived in Stützerbach. Several glassworks were founded in the Thuringian Forest from her.
• Johann Elias Glaser (1721–1781), merchant in Stützerbach
• Hansjoachim Walther (1939–2005), politician (DSU, CDU), 1990–1991 Federal Minister for Special Tasks, died in Stützerbach
• Benno Kaufhold (* 1953), CDU politician, district administrator of the Ilm district , lives in the village

Goethe in Stützerbach

In May 1776, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited the place for the first time on a trip to the Finsterberg. Just two months later, Goethe was staying in Stützerbach with Duke Carl August , less because of state business and more to indulge in the pleasure of hunting. The hustle and bustle of the two gentlemen was great, who danced with the peasant girls until late at night in the inn “Zum Weisse Roß” and, according to Goethe in his diary, “did dissolute business”. On August 3, 1776, Goethe wrote a little poem that was later published under the title "Restriction".

"What do I know, what I like here,
In this narrow little world,
With a quiet magic ribbon holding me!"

On the occasion of a hunt given in 1783 in honor of the Duke of Courland in the area between Ilmenau , Manebach and Stützerbach, the "Great Gabelbachhaus" was built below the Kickelhahn as a proper accommodation . In the Finsteren Loch , a section of the upper Schortetal , a hunting camp took place, which Goethe poetically inspired in his poem Ilmenau .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Official Gazette of the City of Ilmenau 02/2019. City of Ilmenau, March 8, 2019, p. 10 , accessed April 23, 2019 . 
2. ↑ The name "Dianenburg" was chosen as a tribute to the ancient goddess of hunting Diana.
3. ^ State manual of the Grand Duchy of Saxony Weimar-Eisenach for the year 1840 . Albrecht's privilege. Printing house, Weimar 1840, Amt Ilmenau, p. 143 .
4. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933-1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933-1945. Row: Local History Signposts. Volume 8: Thuringia. Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 149.
5. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 3, 2019
6. ^ Source for Schwarzburgische and Saxon places: Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : Lexicon of all localities of the German federal states . Naumburg, 1843. Available online from Google Books . Source for Prussian places: Handbook of the Province of Saxony. Magdeburg, 1843. Available online at Google Books
7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Population figures. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ Population development since 1989 (TLUG) ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 18 kB) 
9. ^ Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thüringen e. V. (Ed.): New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 2, 1998, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , p. 18.
10. ↑ Gertrud Möller, Paul Köhler: Stützerbach / Schmiedefeld aR In: Brockhaus-Wanderheft . No. 120 . VEB FA Brockhaus-Verlag, Leipzig 1975, p. 70 .
11. ↑ Gertrud Hesse: My ancestors in the Thuringian Forest . The beginnings of industry in Stützerbach. Verlag Heinrich Gröner, Döbeln 1936, Ma Stetzerboch (Mein Stützerbach), p. 32 .
12. ↑ Flyer of the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn . As of May 2019.

Web links

Commons : Stützerbach  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Stützerbach  - travel guide

• www.stuetzerbach.de