Laboratory device

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Apparatus from a plurality of connected by cuts glassware:
1 stirring bar / boiling chips
2 round bottom flask with distillation svorlage
3 + 8 + 9 water (with 3  rectification column , 8  burettes unit and 9  drain valve )
4 thermometer
5 cooler
6 cooling water -Zulauf
7 cooling water outlet
10 collection vessel (Round bottom flask with distillate)

Under laboratory equipment means all in a laboratory vessels used, tools and other aids.

Chemistry laboratories

In chemistry, laboratory equipment refers to all vessels, tools and other aids used in the chemistry laboratory that are used to carry out chemical processes such as syntheses or analyzes .

There are a number of special devices for use in the chemistry laboratory. These are particularly characterized by the fact that they are made of very resistant materials , as they are exposed to many different, often aggressive chemicals and sometimes extreme temperatures . The main use here is glass , in particular borosilicate glasses , which are characterized by a low coefficient of thermal expansion and are therefore insensitive to sudden temperature fluctuations. In addition to being insensitive to acids, alkalis and heat, the advantages of glass are its transparency and the ability to manufacture individually adapted devices or to repair broken devices through glass blowing . Other materials are porcelain , fluorinated plastics such as PTFE ( Teflon ) or PVDF and, more rarely, wood and metals . The latter two are usually only used where little contact with chemicals is to be expected (brackets, tripods).

A modular design is also important for laboratory equipment, so that the individual elements can be put together as desired, as if from a construction kit. This is of particular interest in preparative chemistry, since a suitable apparatus is assembled here depending on the synthesis task.

Stand rod with double clamp and burette
Peleus ball
Laboratory centrifuge
Pycnometer

The flexibility in assembling the glass equipment is achieved through the use of so-called standard cuts . The cut ensures that two glass devices can be joined together in a gas-tight manner. The connection can also be sealed with joint grease or Teflon sleeves and secured with a joint clamp . Larger and unstable apparatuses are fixed with stand material, which consists of vertical metal rods with feet, to which the laboratory devices are held by means of stand clamps.

Glass or plastic vessels

Other glass appliances

Porcelain utensils and tools

Porcelain steaming dishes in various sizes

Other tools

Bunsen burner (gas burner)

Electrical appliances

Laboratory equipment industry

The world market for analysis and laboratory technology amounted to around 45 billion US dollars in 2013. The 330 German manufacturers, with around 40,000 employees, generated sales of 6.7 billion euros in the same year, after sales of 6.6 billion euros in 2011 (with a world market of around 40 billion dollars). Domestic sales amounted to € 3.1 billion and foreign sales to € 3.6 billion. Accordingly, the export quota was 54%.

The most important customer sectors for German manufacturers are currently industry, the public sector and the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors. Around 85 percent of domestic sales are generated in these markets. But there are also numerous other sectors and niches in which the companies are successfully asserting themselves. Examples of this are the areas of biotechnology and food. The most important target countries for German exports of analysis and laboratory technology include the USA, China, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Web links

Commons : laboratory device  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Announcement concerning the calibration of chemical measuring devices (Germany, 1893)  - sources and full texts

Website of the professional association for analysis, bio and laboratory technology at Spectaris

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, pp. 773-779.
  2. ↑ Manja Wühr: Analysis, bio and laboratory technology on the road to success. Reported to Process from October 17, 2012.
  3. ^ The German Industry for Analysis, Biotechnology and Laboratory Technology - Yearbook 2014 , Spectaris .