Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig
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Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig
City of Suhl
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| Height : | 700 m |
| Area : | 18.17 km² |
| Residents : | 1653 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 91 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 2019 |
| Postal code : | 98528 |
| Area code : | 036782 |
 Location of Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig in Suhl
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Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig is a district of the independent city of Suhl ( Thuringia ). The place is located in the Vessertal-Thuringian Forest biosphere reserve .
geography
The landscape around Schmiedefeld is dominated in the north by the Großer Finsterberg ( 944.1 m above sea level ), followed by the Große Eisenberg ( 907 m above sea level ) in the west and the Neuhauser Hügel ( 890.6 m above sea level ) in the southwest . in the Suhl district of Vesser . The Hückel ( 746.5 m above sea level ) rises south of Schmiedefeld's location . To the east of the village rise the Hammerhaak mountain ( 714.2 m above sea level ), the Gersheit mountain ( 760.6 m above sea level ) and in the Frauenwalder Flur the mountains Große Hohe Warte ( 745.8 m above sea level ) and Kleine Hohe Warte ( 760.1 m above sea level ), on the western flank of these mountains is the Rennsteig train station and an FFH area. with the wetland known as the goat swamp and the “ Rennsteigteich ” biotope .
The Rennsteig near Schmiedefeld marks a section of the watershed between the Elbe and Weser . The springs north of the Rennsteig form the headwaters of the Ilm , the springs on the south side (with the location Schmiedefeld) form the headwaters of the Werra tributaries Vesser and Nahe . Since the 1960s, a suburban settlement initially made up of weekend houses and gardens has been built on the southern edge of the valley near the former smelter "Neuwerk" and a factory.
Neighboring places
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history
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1406 on the Smidfeldt , so the foundation of the place goes back to the extraction and processing of iron ore . In the Middle Ages, the place belonged to the rulership of the Counts of Henneberg , which can also be seen in the local coat of arms. The still small settlement was located near major old roads across the Thuringian Forest. Because of the altitude, only a small part of the population was involved in agriculture.
A serious catastrophe struck the residents on May 13, 1692: they were helpless at the mercy of a large fire that destroyed most of the village, including the church and the forester's house. More than 182 families were registered as homeless. The place was originally parish to Frauenwald . At the request of the local parish, which at that time included 150 people from Schmiedefeld and 30 people from Vesser , the Upper Consistory of Dresden approved on November 20, 1758 the separation from the mother church and the employment of a separate pastor for Schmiedefeld and the neighboring Vesser, where Hans Valentin Triebel had already built its own church in 1711.
Except for the church, the place has no older buildings, because in 1871 a fire disaster had struck and destroyed the historic town center. For four years, almost all the families in the village lived in extremely cramped conditions; the homeless had been distributed among the buildings still standing on the outskirts. The hygienic conditions collapsed when up to 18 people had to live in the typical small houses or in sheds and barns. According to a medical study, nervous fever and typhoid fever were rampant in the village for five years, also as a result of a poor potato harvest. With the permission of the forest authorities, many men who worked as lumberjacks moved into the surrounding forests and built the simplest log huts to escape the confines.
Schmiedefeld belonged to the Henneberg or Electoral Saxon office of Schleusingen until 1815 and then came to the Schleusingen district of the newly formed Prussian province of Saxony , where he remained until 1945. When Schmiedefeld was connected to the rail network in 1904 , the population had already grown to around 2,500. The rail connection improved the transport connections until winter and the Rennsteig tourism ( hiking and cross-country skiing ) gained in importance. The place was advertised with the predicate mountain health resort with climatic stimulus factors. The construction of a youth hostel, the forest pool with spa center and a swimming pond served to promote tourism. The "Filmbühne" cinema was opened in the village in 1938. On the advice of a guest, an electrically illuminated fountain was built in the center of the village. Bus routes to Suhl, Ilmenau and Schleusingen have been set up to transport guests. During the GDR era in the 1960s, the place had around 20,000 holiday guests who were accommodated by the FDGB in rented pensions and their own homes.
On the Rennsteig near Oberhof, the forest workers' memorial commemorates a hurricane disaster in July 1946 in which 1.6 million cubic meters of wood - mainly spruce forests - were broken up in the Thuringian Forest. The Schmiedefelder forest suffered only minor injuries from this natural disaster, as the high mountains in the west shielded the Schmiedefelder valley. Many blacksmiths' forest workers and their families also took part in clearing up the storm damage and combating the impending bark beetle plague.
Mining and metal industry
As already mentioned, the foundation of the town goes back to the extraction and processing of iron ore . The mining pits at Eisenberg were called cruxes . The production and processing of iron also required large amounts of charcoal, which was produced by charcoal burners and forest workers on site.
In the 16th century, the gunsmithing and gunsmithing trade, which was concentrated in Suhl, experienced enormous economic growth. This branch of industry established the development of further, already highly specialized iron works, hammer mills and drilling mills. In 1595 alone, around 27,000 rifles and 1,100 pistols were manufactured in Suhl , and there were other iron parts for armor and boot spurs. The owners of this "armaments industry" took advantage of the constant further development of firearms around the turn of the 16th to 17th centuries and the conflicts that were simmering at that time (Turkish threat, Schmalkaldic War and Thirty Years' War). The collapse was all the more dramatic as a result of the capture of Suhl by imperial troops in late autumn 1634. In addition to the devastation in the city of Suhl, numerous remote hammer mills and smelting works were attacked, mines came to a standstill as the miners and their families fled. The reconstruction of the Suhl armory and the supply industry took years, and the plague claimed further victims. At the end of the Thirty Years War there were still 164 people living in Schmiedefeld.
In the 19th century, traditional mining and iron processing came to a standstill, as the coal-based metal processing of the Rhenish-Westphalian competition was no longer up to the task. The last 4 nail smiths and 3 horseshoe smiths manufactured for foreign traders until around 1860. The search for hard coal and alternative ore deposits was unsuccessful. An official description from 1804 mentions 7 brandy producers in the village. The majority of the residents already had to live meagerly from forest work and potato cultivation. Around 1800 there were already two pitch huts and two pine soot huts (in 1922 the last pine soot hut fell on the outskirts) as well as a sawmill for cutting floorboards. The sawmill was built in 1706 on the site of an abandoned blue furnace (a special form of iron and steel smelting). In 1749 the mill caught fire and the owners were ruined. The sawmill was not rebuilt until 1799 at the Gersbach. The floorboard trade had become an important branch of the town. Böttcher, box maker, violin and organ builder also obtained prefabricated boards from the mill.
On May 16, 1938, the Gustloff-Rennsteigwerk - an armaments factory and branch of the Suhler Wilhelm-Gustloff-Werke - was inaugurated with great propaganda effort . The company became the town's main employer. After the beginning of the war, more than 170 men and women, mainly from the Soviet Union, had to do forced labor in local companies . Ten prisoners who were shot by SS members were buried in the cemetery on Frauenwalder Strasse . A plaque commemorates them. The post-war period resulted in the immediate expropriation and shutdown of armaments production at the Wilhelm Gustloff factory.
Organ building
The production of organs goes back to the miller Johann Michael Schmidt (1798–1876), who was a trained master in instrument making and later became a miller. Other master organ builders in the 18th century were Johann Michael Wagner (1723–1801) and his brother Johannes. In the late 19th century, the master organ builders Christian Ferdinand Möller (1829–1888) and Friedrich Wilhelm Holland (1804–1879), Theodor Kühn (1840–1902) and Friedrich Kühn (1866–?) Also made pianos.
Glass production and chemical industry
The manual production of glass articles became a success around 1862 for the glassblowers who married in to Schmiedefeld. One could specialize in scientific apparatus and meteorological measuring devices. Production later concentrated on medical laboratory items (syringes, pipettes, mortars). The first glass factory in Schmiedefeld was built from 1884 to 1886 by the merchant Ferdinand Möller , and in the high season 65 glass workers produced perfume bottles and medicine bottles for the olfactory trade . In 1916, a new factory with 420 jobs was built. As a result of the global economic crisis, the company went bankrupt. A subsequent owner was also economically unsuccessful with the bottle production, the building complex was demolished in 1930. The second glass factory had created a brand name for itself between 1914 and 1918 as "Lieberghütte". The production comprised glass tubes of various diameters as well as cylindrical glasses for laboratory chemistry. During the GDR era, operations were continued as VEB Glaswerke Schmiedefeld.
In the former Glashütte Neuwerk, part of the VEB Vehicle and Hunting Weapons Factory Suhl was set up in GDR times, which took over the production of individual parts for Simson mopeds. VEB Chemische Werke, a manufacturer of perfumes and cosmetics, was opened in the neighborhood. For a time Schmiedefeld also owned a small brewery.
Agriculture and craft
On January 3, 1809, Schmiedefeld received from King Friedrich August I of Saxony the right to hold a weekly grain market and two annual markets, on the Monday after the Jubilee and after the Exaltation of the Cross . The economic situation of the neighboring town of Schleusingen was endangered by the relocation of markets, so the Schleusingen city councils used their influence and every opportunity to prohibit further market days in the surrounding communities. The few shepherds and farmers in the village grazed the meadows with around 450 cattle, milk, butter and cheese were delivered to Suhl. Because of the unfavorable climatic conditions with an average of 173 frost days and an annual rainfall of 1,100 mm, traditional farming with grain cannot produce good harvests. It was only with the introduction of the potato in chopping that the farmers could cultivate a crop that did justice to the climatic situation of the place. However, potato rot also resulted in crop failures and the resulting famine.
In the years around 1830, some neighboring towns introduced flax cultivation on the advice of agronomists. A linen weaver who moved to Schmiedefeld took over the production of linen for household use. The profitable mask production in the Ohrdruf and Waltershausen area (carnival masks were made from paper mache in high quantities and quality for the Rhineland) also allowed a mask manufacture to be established in Schmiedefeld. Wilhelm Wagner's company , which worked with young women as seasonal workers, existed for around 30 years and supplied Manebacher and Ilmenau intermediaries.
21st century
Schmiedefeld belonged to the Ilm district from 1994 and from 1996 to the Rennsteig administrative association , to which the villages of Frauenwald and Stützerbach also belonged. On January 1, 2019, the community was incorporated into the independent city of Suhl.
Population development
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politics
Former mayor
The last mayor was Reinhart Pulvers (FWG).
coat of arms
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Blazon : “Split between red and gold; in front a curved, gold-crowned, silver aspis; in the back on a green mountain a black hen with red armor. " |
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Reasons for the coat of arms: The so-called Aspis, a crowned fire snake, was the symbol of the forge as early as the Middle Ages. Schmiedefeld thus has an indirectly speaking element in the coat of arms, which at the same time refers to the acquisition history, the extraction and processing of ores. The tinging of the field with red as the color of fire and life also follows this thought. The counter-curved representation can be associated with the initial "S", the first letter of the place name. The hen refers to the permanent affiliation to the Henneberg area until the end of 1583.
The coat of arms was designed by heraldist Frank Diemar and approved on February 7, 1994. |
Local partnerships
Schmiedefeld maintains a local partnership with Solms in Hesse.
Sports
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Schmiedefeld has been the destination of the Rennsteiglauf run every year in May , a running event with up to 10,000 participants , since the 1970s . The organizing Rennsteiglauf GmbH is also based here. Schmiedefeld is also an important Thuringian winter sports resort. There is a floodlit ski lift on the Großer Eisenberg , a ski and snowboard school. The 830 m long drag lift leads from the Schmiedefeld exit to the Großer Eisenberg and is the longest in Thuringia . It overcomes 123 meters in altitude. The lift hut is located at a height of 863 meters. In the evening, the driving takes place in the floodlights. There is also a half pipe where snowboarders can practice their stunts. There is also a ski jump in Schmiedefeld.
In addition to the Rennsteig , the nearby Vessertal offers good opportunities for hiking, starting with the Vesser -Quelle located slightly above at Suhler Straße .
Economy and Transport
In Schmiedefeld, the glass industry used to be the most important branch of the economy. Iron was also mined (mostly on the Eisenberg) and processed (forged; the place name Schmiedefeld is derived from this). In 1841, 350 tons of pig iron were cast in the Neuwerk south of the village. Today tourism is important. Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig is nationally important as a winter sports and recreation area and is a state-recognized resort . There are three glass blowing companies in the village , two of which specialize in jewelry and animal glass blowing .
Schmiedefeld is on the B 4 , which connects Ilmenau with Schleusingen . There are further road connections to Suhl and Vesser . From 1904 to 1998 Schmiedefeld had a railway connection to the Rennsteigbahn . Now and then there are nostalgic trips with a steam locomotive on the technically important route. From the train station Rennsteig since June 15, 2014 wrong with weekends and holidays the Rennsteig shuttle the Erfurt train on the northern section of Rennsteigbahn to Ilmenau and Erfurt .
Schmiedefeld is connected to Suhl and Ilmenau as well as Vesser and Frauenwald via bus line 300 . From the Rennsteig train station , buses go to Oberhof and Masserberg .
Culture and sights
Buildings
The place Schmiedefeld had its first church around 1572, which was probably only a small chapel. The establishment of its own church was long desired because the place was a parish after Frauenwald. It was not until 1758 that the separation of the Schmiedefeld parish from the mother church in Frauenwald was approved and a separate pastor was appointed for Schmiedefeld and the neighboring Vesser. The church of the Redeemer , built in a simple form, was provided with a roof turret for the bell. The building is clad with slate to protect it from the weather.
Dialect rehearsal
The bird catcher
"Wu you dived?"
“A forest, I've caught Krienetze.
If so, how will I
hao, all crawled again. "
"No, how much werscht hon?
Let me speak,
you have caught again. "
"Luder-Jong,
dr dr the devil did that! "
Personalities
- Fritz Arno Wagner (1884–1958), cameraman
- Siegfried Fröhlich (1937–2018), prehistoric
literature
- Martin voter: Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig . GA Koening, Erfurt 1939.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ FFH area 221: Name of mountain meadows around Schmiedefeld on Rennsteig with goat swamp
- ↑ a b Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Ilm district, district of Sömmerda, district-free city of Erfurt . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 3. Erfurt 1999.
- ^ A b c Gertrud Möller, Paul Köhler: Stützerbach / Schmiedefeld aR In: Brockhaus-Wanderheft . No. 120 . VEB FA Brockhaus-Verlag, Leipzig 1975, p. 70 .
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 148 , ISBN 3-88864-343-0
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 1, 2019
- ↑ Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31
- ^ Source for Schwarzburgische and Saxon places: Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : Lexicon of all localities of the German federal states . Naumburg, 1843. Available online from Google Books . Source for Prussian places: Handbook of the Province of Saxony. Magdeburg, 1843. Available online at Google Books
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Population figures. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Population development since 1989 (TLUG) ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 18 kB)
- ^ Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thüringen eV (Ed.): New Thuringian Wappenbuch . tape 2 , 1998, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , pp. 17 .
- ↑ [1] . Flyer of the Erfurt Railway.
- ^ Martin voter: Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig . GA Koening, Erfurt 1939, p. 108 .
Albrechts | Dietzhausen | Gehlberg | Goldlauter-Heidersbach | Heinrichs | Mäbendorf | Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig | Suhl with Neundorf and Lauter | Vesser | Wichtshausen