Office Ilmenau
The office of Ilmenau was a territorial administrative unit. It originally belonged to the county of Henneberg . After the Count von Henneberg -Schleusingen died out in December 1583, the office came under the joint administration of the Albertine and Ernestine Wettins . When the former county of Henneberg was divided up in 1660/61, the office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , to which it then belonged as an exclave . From 1741 the office belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815.
Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the associated dissolution, the office was the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , judiciary and military service .
Geographical location
The area of the district of Ilmenau lay on the northern edge of the central Thuringian Forest and extended from the Rennsteig on the ridge of the mountains to its northern foreland ( Reinsberge , Pörlitzer Höhe ). The most important mountains in the office were the Ilmenau local mountain Kickelhahn (861 m), the Veronikaberg and the Heydaer Berg . The main river was the Ilm , which with its source brook Lengwitz in the upper reaches the border to the Electoral Saxon office Schleusingen and the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha. Other rivers in the official area were the Ilm tributaries Schorte and Rottenbach and the Wipfra and Reichenbach , both tributaries of the Gera .
With an area of 89.87 km, of which 10.81 km² Ilmenau city area, the official area was the largest exclave of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. The area used in the administrative area consisted of 58% forest, 24% fields and 12% pasture areas. The official area is now in the center of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the Ilm district .
Adjacent administrative units
The Ilmenau office belonging to Sachsen-Weimar (-Eisenach) bordered the following areas:
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (yellow): in the north to the offices of Arnstadt and Käfernburg, in the south-east to the office of Gehren (all of them belong to the supremacy )
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (brown): in the east to the exclave Bücheloh and in the north-west to the exclave Angelroda (both belonging to the Stadtilm office of supremacy )
- Duchy of Saxony-Gotha (green): in the west to the main area ( Witzlebische Courts and Black Forest Office ) and in the northeast to the Witzlebische exclaves of Traßdorf , Neuroda and Kettmannshausen
- Duchy of Saxe-Zeitz (1661-1718), later Electorate of Saxony (1718-1815) and since 1815 Prussia (dark blue): the south by the Office Schleusingen that in the Prussian district Schleusingen rose
- Duchy of Saxony-Hildburghausen , since 1826 Saxony-Meiningen (light blue): on Dreiherrenstein the administrative area touched the Saxon-Meiningian part of Neuhaus am Rennsteig ( Eisfeld district )
history
Kevernburg County
Ilmenau , first mentioned in a document in 1273, was at the time of its foundation in the area of the County of Kevernburg . The town, which was elevated to a town in 1341, also owned the three kitchen villages of Unterpörlitz , Oberpörlitz and Roda . In 1343 the Counts of Kevernburg sold the city of Ilmenau and the surrounding villages to Count Heinrich VIII. Von Henneberg -Schleusingen. Heinrich's son-in-law of Heinrich, the Landgrave of Thuringia, renounced the feudal sovereignty over Ilmenau in the same year.
County of Henneberg
Shortly after the transition from Ilmenau and the three kitchen villages to the county of Henneberg -Schleusingen, Count Heinrich VIII. Von Henneberg-Schleusingen died in 1347. During the subsequent division of the estate between his brother Johann I († 1359) and his widow Jutta von Brandenburg the area around Ilmenau came to Johann I. von Henneberg-Schleusingen. Already in 1351 Johann I pledged the office of Ilmenau to the Counts of Schwarzburg . It was not until 1418 that his grandson Wilhelm I succeeded in redeeming the pledge, but in 1421 he had to pledge the office again. In the following period it belonged to the lien property of the Counts of Gleichen (1421–1426), the Lords of Witzleben (1426–1445), the Counts of Schwarzburg (1445–1476) and the Lords of Schaumberg (1476–1498). It was not until 1498 that the town, castle and office of Ilmenau came back into the possession of the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen. In 1508 the places Roda and Martinroda were added to the administrative area. In 1559 half of Schmerfeld was sold to the Lords of Witzleben.
Joint administration between the Ernestine and Albertine Wettins
With the death of Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg-Schleusingen in December 1583, the Henneberg Count's House went out. The Kahla Treaty concluded with the Ernestine Wettins in 1545 regulated the succession of the individual parts of the country. But since the Albertine Wettins also made justified claims to inheritance, the County of Henneberg and its offices were initially placed under a joint Ernestine and Albertine administration based in Meiningen .
Since the Ernestine and Albertine sovereigns could not agree on the administration of their inheritance, the county of Henneberg was dissolved in 1660/61. The division was regulated in the Weimar Treaty (Saxon Partition Treaty), based on the Kahla Treaty of 1554.
The office of Ilmenau was added to the Ernestine part and in 1660 came under the joint administration of the duchies of Saxe-Weimar (1640–1672) and Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680). The two duchies shared this property as early as 1661, and the office of Ilmenau became part of Saxe-Weimar. Only the Manebach, located on the orographic left bank of the Ilm, and the half of Schmerfeld that remained with the office came to Saxe-Gotha.
Exclave of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar
Since it was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, the Amt Ilmenau has formed an exclave between the Schwarzburg principality , the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha and the part of the former county of Henneberg belonging to Electoral Saxony . When the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar was divided in 1672, the office of Ilmenau remained with the reduced Duchy of Saxony-Weimar.
In 1731, both shares of Schmerfeld and Wipfra, which had previously been administered jointly with the Principality of Schwarzburg, came to the office in full. After the Dukes of Saxony-Eisenach died out in 1741, their Duchy fell to Saxony-Weimar, which has since been called the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and became a Grand Duchy after the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . Since then, the Ilmenau office has belonged as an exclave to the Weimar administrative district ( 1st administrative district ). This comprised the western part of the former Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, which was also known as the Weimar District in the 19th century .
Associated places
- Cities
- Villages
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In Martinroda there was a manor owned by the von Witzleben family .
- Individual goods
- Desolation
- Behringen near Wipfra
- Ditter winds at Heyda
- Hermannstein Castle near Cammerberg