Wipfra (river)
| Wipfra | ||
 The Kleine Streichteich near Ilmenau, fed by the Wipfra |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 56424 | |
| location | in the Ilm district in Central Thuringia | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Gera → Unstrut → Saale → Elbe → North Sea | |
| source | Forest area northwest of Oberpörlitz 50 ° 42 ′ 27 ″ N , 10 ° 54 ′ 5 ″ E |
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| Source height | 550 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | At Eischleben in the Gera coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 28 ″ N , 10 ° 58 ′ 30 ″ E 50 ° 53 ′ 28 ″ N , 10 ° 58 ′ 30 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 234 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 316 m | |
| Bottom slope | 8th ‰ | |
| length | 39.6 km | |
| Catchment area | 165 km² | |
| Discharge at the Eischleben A Eo gauge: 163.1 km². Location: 900 m above the mouth |
NNQ (0.09) MNQ 1955-2005 MQ 1955-2005 Mq 1955-2005 MHQ 1955-2005 HHQ |
5.11 l / s 489 l / s 10.6 m³ / s 65 l / (s km²) 65 m³ / s 13.04 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Honigbach, Schafbach, Elleber Bach, Kirchbach | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Heyda dam | |
| Communities | Heyda , Arnstadt , Niederwillingen , Elxleben , Wachsenburg Office | |
| Residents in the catchment area | approx. 11,200 | |
 The runoff of the Oberwillinger Springs (left) flows into the Wipfra |
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The Wipfra (historically also called Wipper ) is an approximately 40 kilometer long tributary of the Gera in the Ilm district in Thuringia .
geography
The Wipfra rises west of Oberpörlitz in the Ilmenau urban area at the Hirtenbuschteiche . There, about 560 meters high, is Habichtsberg where the right arid sources of Wipfra lie. It initially continues to flow in an easterly direction and after about two kilometers forms the Streichgrund , which extends from Unterpörlitz to the Heyda Dam . North of Unterpörlitz, the Wipfra is crossed by the A71 through the Streichgrund viaduct . Here it formed a swampy valley with numerous small ponds and ponds. Now it takes a north-easterly direction of flow and after a short path takes on the Alte Wipfra , which flows through the Altwipfergrund and is also crossed by the A 71 through the Altwipfergrund viaduct . This right side valley of the Wipfra stretches east from Unterpörlitz to the Ilmenau residential area Eichicht and also forms several small ponds.
Where String and Altwipfergrund unite the created String pond , which is a unique wetland habitat. It lies at an altitude of 424 meters and is home to numerous aquatic animals. Below the coating pond, the Wipfra overflows the Streitwiese before it joins the Heyda dam, which was completed in 1988 . The Heyda dam is the largest body of water in the Ilm district , its surface area is around 95 hectares , and the water level is 417 meters above sea level when the water level is full. In the dam, the Schotterbach and Heydaer Bach join the Wipfra. The height of the dam is about 18 meters. The dam primarily serves to supply the area with service water .
The Wipfra enters a plain for the first time north of the dam. Here it also crosses the border between the city of Ilmenau and the city of Arnstadt . The towns of Heyda , Schmerfeld , Wipfra , Neuroda , Kettmannshausen and Reinsfeld , all of which, with the exception of Heyda, belong to the city of Arnstadt, are located on the plain . The plain is about 400 meters above sea level and is used for agriculture. Here the Wipfra meanders in a north-easterly direction, it flows through the places Wipfra and Neuroda before the slopes on both banks become steeper again and a valley forms again. Here the river cuts through a branch of the Reinsberge . It is flanked to the west by the 544 meter high Gottlobsberg and to the east by the 502 meter high Willinger Berg . Behind the Wipfr break-through it crosses again the A 71 and the high-speed line Nürnberg – Erfurt . The Wipfra then bends in a wide arc of 270 ° from east to north and crosses the towns of Behringen , Oberwillingen and Niederwillingen , where the Arnstadt-Saalfeld railway line enters the valley, which opens up again here.
Now the Wipfra meanders through an approximately 250 km² large plain, which was formed by it and lies at an altitude of 300 to 400 meters above sea level. The next villages are lined up at short intervals on the Wipfra. Roda comes first, followed by Görbitzhausen , Hausen and Marlishausen . All places belong to the city of Arnstadt. Marlishausen has only about 1,200 inhabitants. Here the railway leaves the course of the Wipfra again to turn west towards Arnstadt . The last place in the city of Arnstadt on the course of the river is Ettischleben . This is followed by Alkersleben and finally Elxleben , where the Wipfra changes its direction of flow from north to west. The next place on the Wipfra is Kirchheim , which belongs to the municipality of Amt Wachsenburg . Alkersleben and Elxleben are part of the Riechheimer Berg administrative community . The last village on the Wipfra is Eischleben , west of the village the Wipfra flows into the Gera .
history
By 1920, the water of the Wipfra overflowed five state borders over a length of only 40 kilometers. The upper section to the place Wipfra belonged to the office of Ilmenau of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , Neuroda belonged to Saxe-Gotha , behind Neuroda followed the area of the office of Arnstadt , which belonged to the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen . The place Elxleben belonged to Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , Kirchheim to Prussia and Eischleben again to Saxe-Gotha. However, the Wipfra was not a border river in its entire course.
Origin of name
The origin of the river name was derived by Elfriede Ulbricht from the Middle Low German , Dutch and Middle English Wippen. According to this, the river name is used 15 times in Germany, also in variations such as Wipfer . The basic word was originally aha (a variant of -au ). This was weakened in the late 10th century on -a and in the early 11th century on -e and then disappeared completely at the Wipper . In other rivers of this name, the -a or -e was preserved. The name would be made up of rotating, rotating, swaying movement and water (in the sense of flowing water).
Felix Solmsen and Ernst Fraenkel assumed a very similar meaning, but saw the root of the name with an even older, Indo-European origin and translate the river name as the hopping .
environment
The most important biotopes in the Wipfra area are the Streichgrund , the Streichtich and the Altwipfergrund in their upper reaches. Many endangered animal and plant species live there.
The water quality of the Wipfra is very good up to the Heyda dam, then moderate up to the mouth. It is influenced by the intensive agriculture in this area.
Sights and buildings
The bridges over the Wipfra (from source to mouth) are worth seeing
- Streichgrund viaduct (A71), 450 meters long, 27 meters high
- Altwipfergrund viaduct (A71), 280 meters long, 35 meters high
- Wipfratalbrücke (railway), 172 meters long, about 8 meters high
- Wipfratalbrücke (A71), 176 meters long, about 8 meters high
economy
The Wipfra feeds the Heyda dam, which was built in the 1980s and is mainly used for irrigation . It continues to be used for drawing off industrial water for agriculture .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Level: Eischleben On: hnz.tlug-jena.de
- ↑ Elfriede Ulbricht: The river basin of the Thuringian Saale . 1st edition. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1957.
- ↑ Felix Solmsen. Ed. U. edit by Ernst Fraenkel: Indo-European proper names as a mirror of cultural history . 1st edition. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1922.
