Emulsion paint
Emulsion paints are viscous to thin-bodied paints . They consist of a dispersion (mostly an emulsion ) of fillers, binders and solvents , pigments and additives . In this general sense, the majority of liquid paints ( lacquers , paints) are dispersions. Colloquially , it means commercial wall paint, as it can be bought in every hardware store under the term binder paint . Usually they are acrylic or synthetic resin emulsion paints .
In addition, there are similarly structured products on the market that use mainly vegetable oils instead of synthetic and mineral oil-containing ingredients and are known as natural emulsion paints .
Economical meaning
In 2008, around 890,000 tons of emulsion paints and varnishes were produced in Germany. The total sales value of these products was 1.28 billion euros. The amount produced is divided into emulsion paints for interior use (70%), for facade use (18%) and emulsion paints (12%). Converted to the sales value of the products, the proportions are 53%, 20% and 27%.
Synthetic resin dispersion paints
Synthetic resin emulsion paints (also synthetic emulsion paints, paints or dispersions) are wall coatings that usually consist of a dispersion of synthetic resin and water . For indoor use they are standardized in DIN EN 13300 , those for outdoor use in DIN EN 1062 .
Components
The main components are typically water as a diluent, synthetic resins (mostly acrylic resins) obtained from mineral oil or similar plastics (e.g. polyvinyl acetate ) as binders, and dyes or pigments as coloring agents . The pigment for white is usually titanium dioxide , with fillers such as calcium carbonate , silicates and quartz powder added. Auxiliaries ( additives ) improve the technological and application properties. Such additives are stabilizers , defoamers , thickeners , preservatives and solvents . The synthetic resins used are acrylates or polyvinyl acetate, the latter are used for latex paints . Synthetic resin emulsion wall paints with particularly high water resistance, for outside and facade areas as well as for damp areas inside the house contain a higher proportion of synthetic resin. Synthetic resin emulsion paints with decorative additives such as glitter are also known as latex paints.
Solid color
In addition to liquid synthetic resin emulsion paint, there are thixotropic ( compact ) paints, known under the name Feste Farbe ®. Due to their thixotropy, they should be less spattering and spattering when painting. Compact paints have lost their market importance because most emulsion paints are now drip-inhibited (slightly jelly-like) and, in contrast to solid paint, are much easier to apply.
Tinting
White emulsion paints can be colored with full-tone paints , tinting paints or pigment preparations . Pigment preparations are predispersed, binder-free products which, if used alone, would not form a film. Such additives are mostly used for automatic systems, tinting systems. However, there are also a few manufacturers who offer pigment preparations for the professional sector. Full tone and tinting colors are finished paints that contain film formers . Solid and tinting colors are usually used for manual tinting in the "do-it-yourself" sector.
Tinted colors are available in specialist and hardware stores. The colors are either mixed on site using computer control ( point-of-sale tinting ) or tinted ex works ( in-plant tinting or 'factory tinting'). In some countries, such as the United States , point-of-sale tinting has become standard and is not only available in hardware stores , but also in retail chains. Usually a minimum amount is dispensed, since the tinting of small amounts in particular requires high dosing accuracy and an exact setting of the pigment preparations used. In principle, the same pigments can be used manually and automatically, so that the same level of fastness of the resulting color shades is achieved. In practice, a limited selection of color and economically selected pigments is used in automatic dispensing machines, which must cover all types of products offered. The color accuracy of automatic dispensing systems depends heavily on the number and type of pigments specified, as well as on the color formulations stored in the mixer .
Environmental sustainability
The Federal Ministry for Environmental Protection, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety is the owner of the “Blue Angel” environmental label and the German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labeling eV (RAL) awards the label on a voluntary basis by the manufacturer. According to the award criteria, substances that are harmful to the environment and health are not prohibited. The award is given to low-pollutant glazes and varnishes according to regulation DE-UZ 12 a and wall paints according to DE-UZ 102. In addition to other conditions, a limit value of 700 ppm, corresponding to 0.7 g / l volatile organic compounds, is specified for the organic solvents contained . This limit is much lower than in the Decopaint directive specified by the European Union and its (since 2010) valid guideline value of 30 g / l.
Health aspects
Emulsion paints usually contain preservatives and biocides to prevent bacterial infestation and mold growth. Without preservatives, many color systems would spoil in the pot. Some of these substances can cause allergic reactions when used . With the help of suitable mineral additives, colors without biocides are also stabilized. They are physiologically harmless and are used, for example, for the production (coating) of food packaging with food safety . These colors are available in stores and labeled accordingly and are preferably recommended as wall colors for children's rooms or hospitals.
Emulsion paints sometimes contain talc as a filler which, as a natural product, can be contaminated with asbestos, especially amphibole asbestos. Therefore, when selecting the paint, you should pay attention to the ingredients according to the safety data sheet. However, there is no danger from the liquid paint and in the dried state from possible contamination. However, when working on the dried paint by drilling, milling or scraping, the asbestos content can be released.
Natural dispersion paints
Natural dispersion paints or paints are used like synthetic resin dispersion paints; they consist exclusively or mostly of natural, non-synthetic ingredients. As before the invention of synthetic resin, vegetable oils such as linseed oil or castor oil are used as drying oils and titanium dioxide has been replaced by other natural pigments. Mineral pigments have the advantage over organic pigments that they fade less in sunlight. Natural emulsion paints are usually more expensive than paints based on synthetic resins due to the fact that raw materials are rarely produced in a mass industry.
After application, the natural oil creates a slight odor in the room, which subsides after a while (faster with good ventilation). Whether it is perceived as pleasant or unpleasant depends on the individual perception. The natural oil (especially linseed oil) can cause the paint to yellow . This change in color occurs evenly and is therefore hardly noticeable. The formation of dust edges on picture frames is less than with synthetic resin dispersions, as there is no static charge .
Emulsion paints
Because the terms emulsion paint and synthetic resin emulsion paint are now used almost synonymously , different types of emulsion paints should be referred to as "emulsion paints". Color of the brand Plaka from Pelikan is called casein emulsion paint by the manufacturer after the binder used .
literature
- Kurt Schönburg: Natural substances in buildings - properties, application . Publisher: German Institute for Standardization eV -DIN-, Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-410-17355-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Production statistics for paints and varnishes in Germany in 2008 . In: Farbe und Lack 06/2009, page 12
- ↑ mixol.de: abtoenprogramm / general
- ↑ H.-A. Brand: Do the pastes match . In: Farbe & Lack 03/2005
- ↑ Fresh cell treatment for the mixing plant . In: Farbe & Lack 04/2007
- ↑ DE UZ 102. Accessed January 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Directive 1999/13 / EC
- ↑ Directive 2004/42 / EC
- ↑ M. Mattenklott: "Asbestos in talcum powders and soapstone". In: Hazardous substances - keeping the air clean . No. 67, No. 7/8, pp. 287–292, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin 2007. ( Online )