Bise

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In winter, the water of Lake Geneva, whipped up by the Bise, splashes over the bank and freezes immediately.

The Bise or the Biswind is a word known in the southwest of the German-speaking area (South Baden, Switzerland, Vorarlberg) for a cutting cold, dry and brightening wind blowing from the north, northeast or east .

The technical language of meteorology, on the other hand, limits the word to a regional Swiss wind system that only occurs in the Swiss plateau. The mostly dry, cold wind from east to north-east in the Swiss plateau is fed by continental air flowing from north-east Europe to central Europe when there is high pressure in Europe north of Switzerland and low in the Mediterranean region . In summer, a Bisenlage usually means nice weather with pleasantly cool temperatures. In winter there is often high fog or heavy haze in lower elevations .

Because of the narrowing canals through the Alps and the Jura towards the west, the Bise reaches its greatest strengths in the Lake Geneva area , where average wind speeds of 60 km / h and gusts of up to over 100 km / h are not infrequently registered in the classic Bise position. At Lake Constance the bise is weaker and manifests itself as a relatively cool north to north-east wind with mostly less than 6  Beaufort (40–50 km / h).

The word Bise first appeared in Notkers III's writings . occupied by St. Gallen, is an Alemannic word whose origin is uncertain. Presumably it belongs to the word family of Old High German bĭsōn , 'around-, storming in'; Attempts to derive the word as a borrowing from Gallo-Roman or to combine it with breeze are rejected today.

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See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Bise  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. a b Cf. Baden Dictionary , Volume I, page 238, article Bise and page 239, article Biswind; Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume IV, Column 1682 f., Article Bīs I ( digitized version ) and Volume XVI, Column 520 ff., Article Bīswind ( digitized version ); Vorarlberg Dictionary , Volume I, Column 363, Article Bise II; German Dictionary , Volume 2 V, Column 300, Article Bise .
  2. Radio SRF - How do Nordwind, Nordföhn and Bise differ? (accessed on March 25, 2020).
  3. ^ Etymological dictionary of Old High German. Volume II. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen / Zurich, ISBN 3-525-20768-9 , column 106 f .; with further references. The etymologizing spelling «Beisswind», which appears in older prints and which seeks connection to the verb bite , is folk etymological .