Munich transport company

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Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG)
Logography
Basic information
Company headquarters Munich
Web presence mvg.de
Reference year 2018
owner Stadtwerke München GmbH
Supervisory board Dieter Reiter (Chairman)
Managing directors Ingo Wortmann (chairman)

Werner Albrecht
Ralf Willrett
Matthias Löser

Transport network MVV
Employee As of December 31, 2016, a total of 3,861 people were employed in the transport division of Stadtwerke München (SWM), 1,010 of them at MVG.
Lines
Gauge 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Subway 8, including 2 amplifier lines
tram 13, including 3 repeater lines, plus 4 night lines
bus 78, plus 15 night lines
number of vehicles
Subway car 686
Tram cars 126, 124 of which are low-floor
Omnibuses 382
statistics
Passengers 596 million per year
Stops
  • 100 underground
    (4 crossing stations counted twice)
  • 174 tram
  • 1013 bus
Catchment area 449 km²
Residents in the
catchment area 		1.63 million
Length of line network
Subway lines 95 km
Tram lines 82 km
Bus routes 511 km

The Munich Transport Gesellschaft mbH (MVG) is one of the local in 2001 SWM transport companies product derived transport companies for public transport (public transport) and, since 2002, the operating company for the urban underground - Trambahn- and city bus in Munich . MVG is a limited liability company in municipal ownership. It is a subsidiary of Stadtwerke München (SWM).

MVG's means of transport are integrated into the Munich Transport and Tariff Association (MVV), of which the Free State of Bavaria and the state capital of Munich are shareholders .

Corporate structure

Ingo Wortmann, Managing Director of MVG since 2016

At the beginning of 2002, MVG took over the operation of the underground trains, trams and buses from SWM Verkehrsbetriebe, while the vehicles and the network infrastructure remained the property of the Stadtwerke. MVG rents the necessary services from the parent company. This model separates the operating costs to be generated by MVG and the infrastructure cost financing by the parent company. According to the SWM's justification for this structure, this should ensure that the Munich public transport company can remain in municipal sponsorship. In addition, the MVG is a company in the MVV and is working together with partner companies on coordinated local public transport.

In SWM, MVG is subordinate to the transport business area. MVG is the contractual partner of the passengers, while SWM provides all transport services for the underground and trams on behalf of MVG. In addition to MVG, bus transport services are also provided by private subcontractors . One of the private cooperation partners, the bus company Münchner Linien GmbH & Co. KG , is jointly owned by SWM and the bus company Autobus Oberbayern . At the beginning, the MVG staff also worked on behalf of the parent company SWM. As of December 31, 2016, a total of 3,861 employees are now employed in SWM's transport business, 1,010 of them at MVG. The MVG managing director is also the managing director for mobility at SWM and is appointed by the municipal utilities' supervisory board. In addition to the MVG, the mobility area also includes the areas of electric and natural gas mobility . In addition, MVG has held a 10.13 percent stake in VDV eTicket Service since June 2014 .

As a wholly owned subsidiary of SWM, the infrastructure for local public transport is completely in the hands of the City of Munich. Thus, the state capital Munich is the MVG shareholder. The composition of its supervisory board is regulated in the articles of association of MVG . This consists of nine members, with the mayor of Munich , who chairs the supervisory board, the city ​​treasurer and the advisor for health and the environment on the supervisory board. The six remaining members are sent by the state capital and each consist of one member of the three largest parliamentary groups in the Munich city council and three employee representatives who are elected by the city councils on the proposal of the works council of the transport companies.

For future timetable changes, the MVG creates a service program in which it lists its suggestions. These are divided into packages A, B and C and are categorized according to the MVG's assessment of their urgency and financial feasibility. Ultimately, the individual proposals of the service program are confirmed or rejected, changed or supplemented by the city council.

The MVG is instructed to work cost-covering. Therefore, both the operating costs and a large part of the infrastructure maintenance costs can only be covered by passenger income. As a municipal company, however, it does not aim for a profit. However, if the Munich city council demands services that the MVG classifies as economically unprofitable, it must finance these itself. For example, the night lines are financed by municipal funds. Like the other partner companies in the MVV, the MVG calculates its costs and then informs the MVV how much ticket revenue it expects. The association uses this information to calculate the ticket prices that are ultimately decided by the shareholders.

history

initial situation

Herbert König, Head of Department at SWM Verkehrsbetriebe from 1992 to 2001 and Managing Director of MVG from 2001 to 2016

Until December 31, 2001, the underground, tram and bus lines in the Munich city area were managed by SWM Verkehrsbetriebe and cross-subsidized by other branches. However, since in 1992, according to SWM, directives of the European Community required a strict separation between public transport authorities and transport companies , reforms were seen as necessary. According to the company, the guidelines stipulated that municipal companies must break their costs and operate with the intention of making a profit. The reason for the change in the directive was the aim of reducing expenditure while maintaining attractive public transport.

According to SWM, cross-subsidization was no longer permitted under European law . In the same year Herbert König became the new head of department at SWM Verkehrsbetriebe. König campaigned for economical local public transport and, together with Mayor Georg Kronawitter , was able to successfully advance reforms in the MVV to relieve the Munich city administration between 1991 and 1996. Until then, SWM Verkehrsbetriebe was largely dependent on the MVV's specifications, but now they had greater freedom of action. This also made it possible to eliminate the discrepancies between the specifications of the MVV and the available budget of the municipal utilities.

As a result of the liberalization policy, the managers of SWM Verkehrsbetriebe predicted that public transport in the future will be determined by deregulation and competition . Various financially strong mobility groups were about to enter the German transport market. A consulting company predicted that by 2010 only ten companies would dominate local public transport in Germany. On the supervisory board, König added in 1999 that the revenues for the transport companies from the cross-association are decreasing over the long term, whereby the potential for rationalization is almost exhausted. While the number of passengers stagnated, the number of registered vehicles per inhabitant in Munich increased.

With regard to the economic viability of the SWM more laws came under added that have been interpreted narrowly by the courts: bus concessions were therefore only for two years and transport services had increased advertised are. When cross-association financing was questioned, the financial basis of local public transport was about to come to an end. The network concept of the MVV itself was also seen as threatened, since according to SWM in the new regulatory framework the individual participants should be in competition with one another.

Foundation of the MVG

Under these conditions a fundamental reorganization of the SWM Verkehrsbetriebe and the MVV became necessary. König presented his plans to the supervisory board in November 1999. These saw

  1. real profitability and competitiveness in operational business,
  2. the lowest possible loss of quality while reducing the grant requirement to a minimum,
  3. a competitive business process within the new legal framework and
  4. the exploitation of all synergy potential in the area of ​​corporations and alliances.

This was to ensure that local public transport in Munich could remain in municipal hands.

According to its own information, however, SWM ranked third to last in terms of earnings per person transported. König was convinced that only a radical U-turn could ensure the survival of the transport company. If the transport companies were to remain in municipal hands, they were forced to be self-sufficient. According to the company, according to current law, an immediate tender should have been issued. For this reason, all entrepreneurial efforts were made to achieve positive sales on the cost and income side, in order to make the transport companies self-sufficient. At the same time, there was a quality offensive through acceleration programs and dynamic information systems in buses and trams as well as the modernization of the vehicle fleet.

On June 27, 2001, the Munich city council approved the establishment of the MVG. The partnership agreement was signed on October 30, 2001 and the entry in the commercial register took place on January 1, 2002. On the same day, MVG took over operations from the SWM transport company. Right from the start, König was the managing director of the new company, which was designed by SWM as a separate subsidiary within or alongside the transport division. In this step, König saw the opportunity to create a powerful transport company in the short term. It was equipped with marketable wage agreements and offered complete local public transport. While the aim in the short term was to secure the bus concessions that were about to expire, in the longer term the aim was to be perceived as an independent transport company, which should also result in greater differentiation from the MVV.

Further development

The headquarters of SWM and the subsidiary MVG, opened in 2002

In 2002, the MVG's surface department, management and offices moved to the new SWM headquarters in Moosach . In order to align the company more closely to the market, a comprehensive reorganization was carried out in the corporate department in July 2003. The business areas for traffic management, vehicles and operations were dissolved and replaced by the newly established bus, traffic service and rail departments.

Contrary to the prognoses of 1999, the public transport business in Munich increased due to increasing climate and environmental awareness and the resulting changes in mobility behavior. As a result, MVG continuously set new records for the number of passengers. While 440 million passengers were carried in 2000, in 2009 it was more than half a billion for the first time and in 2015 MVG carried around 566 million people. While König planned various cost-saving measures in the 2000s, such as thinning out the number of clocks, some of which caused media excitement in the local press, the increasing number of passengers ultimately led to the local transport campaign . With a financing volume of 100 million euros by 2018, the space available should be increased through network expansions, vehicle upgrades and more frequent intervals. The background to this was that the increasing number of passengers meant that the transport infrastructure was increasingly reaching its limits.

On November 1st, 2016 Ingo Wortmann took over the management from Herbert König. While his predecessor campaigned for the company's economic viability, Wortmann said in an interview in 2018 that local public transport in Munich is underfunded and that significantly more government subsidies are needed.

Business fields

R2.2 trams in the old (left) and new colors (right)

In 2018 the MVG carried 596 million passengers, with 55 percent using the subway, 29 percent using the bus and 16 percent using the tram. In 2016 the number of passengers rose to 578 million. In Munich, the nearest underground, tram and bus stops are usually within a radius of around 400 meters from households. MVG sells MVV tickets at more than 1,500 machines. In addition, MVG sells the mobile phone ticket introduced on December 15, 2013. Since August 1, 2009, there has been a ban on alcohol in MVG vehicles .

With the tram generation R3.3 , which went into operation in Munich in 1999, the current color scheme for MVG vehicles was introduced. They are predominantly in a shade of blue, which is referred to in the RAL design system as RAL DS-270 50 40. This color scheme, slightly modified, has also existed for the C series underground trains and all other vehicles since the foundation of the MVG. MVG also operates vehicles in a white and blue color scheme. This design was the typical color scheme of the vehicles of the SWM Verkehrsbetriebe. The stops in MVG vehicles have been announced after three beeps since December 2018. Transfer relationships are given in German and English.

Subway

Type C2 underground train

In addition to the S-Bahn operated by DB Regio Bayern and regional trains, the subway is the core of the MVV's means of transport in Munich . Together they form a rapid transit network geared towards the city center . In 2018, around 413 million passengers drove with them. The subway network was continuously expanded until 2010. Since then there have been numerous discussions about an extension, but no line has been extended due to differences of opinion and a lack of studies on economic efficiency. While the then MVG managing director König and the Munich SPD city ​​council group pleaded for a relief brace in Munich city center in order to relieve the existing network, the CSU city ​​council group advocated a network expansion with a subway to Pasing .

The subway operation is operated by the transport company with three different generations of the subway, which consist of the A , B and C series . While in the A- and B-unit trains vehicles double railcars are where three double railcar form a long train consisting members vehicles Generation C solely of a long train. A total of 632 subway cars are in use for the MVG. During the night, operation is temporarily stopped completely. Here, repair and cleaning work is done that is not possible during the operational process.

The line network of the Munich subway extends over 95 kilometers. There are 100 stations, of which four crossing stations are counted twice. The underground lines have single-digit numbers and are also marked with the letter "U" at the beginning of the number. Two of the eight lines act as amplifiers. All lines run at least every ten minutes during the day and come together with another line near the center, so that there are a total of three main routes. In 2014, a two-minute cycle was introduced for the first time on individual regular routes, but this only provided temporary relief. There are three dispatchers in the operations center, from where the subway operations are monitored and instructions are given. In this case, there is no dispatcher position for each trunk route. Driving is largely automatic. MVG has interlockings distributed throughout the city for monitoring and manual control in the event of incidents .

With the exception of a section to Garching , the subway only serves the Munich city area. For this reason, the city of Garching is involved in the financing of the Munich subway.

tram

Of the vehicle type T1.6

The MVG is the operator of the Munich tram . Its network extends over 82 kilometers, of which the tram has its own route over a distance of 58 kilometers. MVG carried around 122 million passengers with it in 2018. In 2018 it had 124 low-floor trams . In addition, two vehicles that were built in the 1960s and lead to the squares via steps are used. As of March 2018, the network consists of nine lines that run all day. In addition, there are four repeater lines and four night lines which, like the night bus lines, are marked with an “N” at the beginning of the line number. The tram lines are numbered with two-digit numbers from 12 to 28. The tram runs on the entire tram network in Munich at least every ten minutes until 10 p.m.

Since 2004, all tram lines have been fully accelerated with preferred traffic lights. This gives the tram priority over private transport . This increased punctuality and reduced the turnaround time in favor of economy. While all low-floor vehicles were previously designed as articulated trains, since 2018 MVG has had trams equipped for double traction . In July 2019, SWM placed a large order for MVG worth more than 200 million euros from Siemens Mobility for 73 new tram vehicles.

In addition to the regular tram lines, the MVG runs city tours with the MünchenTram from Whitsun to the beginning of October and offers tours with the ChristkindlTram with a Christmassy atmosphere during Advent. Today the vehicles in the electric trams receive their electricity entirely from an overhead line . As a result of the planning of a tram route through the English Garden , battery-powered vehicles are planned for this section. MVG has already tested vehicles with lithium-ion batteries for this purpose .

With the exception of one section to Grünwald , the tram only serves the Munich city area. In order for the tram to serve the community, both the district and the Grünwald community have to raise compensation payments.

omnibus

Articulated bus MAN Lion's City

On December 12, 2004, two years after the founding of the MVG, the bus network was redesigned. Since then, a distinction has been made between MetroBus lines and StadtBus lines: While the MetroBus lines were assigned numbers from 50 to 59, the StadtBus lines received numbers from 130 to 199 in addition to the number 100. The second digit of the number is usually depending on the area of ​​the city in which the line operates. Due to numerous newly introduced lines, however, the line scheme is no longer completely accurate today. The line numbers N40 to N49 were assigned to the night lines. While the MetroBus lines run at least every ten minutes during the day, the StadtBus lines usually run at least every twenty minutes. In 2004, a TaxiBus line that only starts after a call was tested for the first time. MVG has also been operating express buses since December 2013. The previously two-digit numbered express bus routes have the letter "X" at the beginning of the route number.

As of December 31, 2018, MVG operates 382 buses on 78 lines and a bus route network of 511 kilometers. The fleet is supplemented by 238 buses from partner companies and the network by 15 night lines. Around 214 million passengers were counted on the buses in 2018. Their design corresponds to the MVG bus design. The route network of the buses amounts to 495 kilometers, whereby the bus can use a separate bus lane for 23 kilometers . The MVG is planning to significantly expand the bus lanes. In addition, as a result of a city council resolution from 2005, the lines are continuously accelerated by a preferential traffic light switch. In addition to normal buses, MVG also has articulated buses and bus trains . With a few exceptions, the lines run exclusively in the urban area of ​​Munich. The other bus lines, which mainly operate outside the Munich city limits in the MVV, are operated by regional bus companies. They have line numbers from 200. Furthermore, private companies cooperating in the city area operate on behalf of the MVG.

MVG has already tested various types of hybrid drives . Ingo Wortmann announced in September 2017 that the entire bus fleet would be converted to electric buses. The buses are already equipped with modern, environmentally friendly soot filters and run on low-sulfur diesel fuel. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and the soot particles are reduced to the limit of detection by means of oxidation catalysts and downstream soot filters.

other areas

MVG bicycles

MVG has been renting out bicycles under the product name MVG Rad since October 9, 2015. The city ​​bikes are not included in the MVV tickets, but have to be borrowed via a smartphone app. Delivery and operation are carried out by Nextbike following a Europe-wide tender . The bicycle rental system is subsidized by the city. MVG has been offering a portal for car sharing via the same app since February 2016 . However, MVG does not operate or own the vehicles on offer itself, but rather mediates with various car sharing providers.

At the end of October 2007, MVG opened the MVG Museum in the main tram workshop in the Ramersdorf district of Munich, which is a listed building . Historical trams, buses and work vehicles of Munich's local transport from different eras are exhibited there.

With the MVG IsarTiger, the MVG has been testing a kind of shared taxi in the west of Munich since 2018, since 2019 in a large part of the Munich city area, which can be ordered by several people at the same time via the app. The shortest route is calculated using an algorithm . The vehicle fleet of the offer marketed by MVG as a ride sharing offer initially consists of 16 VW caddies , each with space for up to six passengers.

The transport company operates two customer centers and four information points for passenger information at hubs on the subway. In addition, the MVG distributed free information magazines to passengers until 2017, which were printed under the title Line 8 until 2011 and as MVGinfo from 2012 . The MVG information material has been included in the SWM service magazine, M-Puls , since 2018 .

reception

According to Paul Erker , "the planning and measures in local public transport as a service product [...] are a projection surface for local political and district-related, civil society conflicts and interests. While the management creates “great strategies for the transport economy”, these decisions often meet with resistance. Before elections in particular, the conflicts are taken up by "oppositional town hall factions and used for their own urban transport policy interests". Erker adds that "[no] another SWM product is as present, visible and can also be experienced collectively as public transport", where the product is "publicly in front of everyone, day after day, so to speak". Various plans and decisions often encounter political disputes or unanimous resistance to changes in the line.

In a study by the ADAC in 2010 on local public transport in 23 European cities, Munich took the top spot and was the only city to receive a very good rating. On the other hand, in May 2017 the passenger association Aktion Münchner Fahrgäste gave the assessment "[t] his local transport is unworthy of the 1.5 million city of Munich in view of increasing delays and disruptions".

With regard to ticket prices, the ADAC criticized all of the German cities examined with the exception of Leipzig in its Europe-wide 2010 study. The Munich press also criticized the ticket prices and the continuous increase in the cost of a ticket in the MVV. Although revenue in the previous year was up by more than seven percent, the MVV increased ticket prices by 2.9 percent in December 2016, which was the strongest in Germany. The background to this is an increase in the semester ticket for students required by the MVG and implemented by the MVV , which has been adjusted to the regular tariff prices. In order to keep the semester ticket attractive, the regular ticket price was also increased. The Münchner Fahrgäste campaign criticized: “This tariff increase cannot be justified with the previous services of the transport companies”. Lower ticket prices are required, especially for schoolchildren and trainees. In a later post, the Münchner Fahrgäste campaign said that there is growing frustration among passengers due to disruptions and weaknesses in the timetable.

The timetable changes as a result of the tram extension to the Berg am Laim stop led to criticism

New line layouts are also discussed controversially in some cases. Numerous extensions are welcomed by the population. In December 2016, for example, a line was set up between Ackermannbogen and Rotkreuzplatz through the Olympiapark , which residents had previously requested for several years. Various extensions of other bus routes have also been positively received by the district committees concerned. However, there are also negative voices about extensions: After a tram was built to the Berg am Laim stop , some buses were taken to the new terminus of the tram that previously went to Max-Weber-Platz . This tripled the travel time from some stops in the direction of the city center in some cases. It was also criticized that the tram leads "into nirvana" instead of the city center and that you have to change trains again to get to the center. The MVG reacted by introducing an additional bus line and changing the route of the tram that leads in the direction of Stachus . Similar protests had already occurred when the MVG withdrew a tangential bus line from Moosach train station to the Olympia shopping center as part of an underground extension. City council politicians from all political groups spoke out against this cut. After several years of protest, the route was finally resumed, albeit with a new line.

MVG received positive feedback for the design of its underground stations. After these originally "all looked very similar" according to the Süddeutscher Zeitung , "it is worth getting off" at some stations today. Again with the subways, the timing of construction work on subway lines, such as the complete rehabilitation of the U3 between Münchner Freiheit and Scheidplatz, was criticized, which the MVG did in the winter months despite resistance from the city council. Alexander Reissl, former leader of the SPD parliamentary group , criticized the fact that fewer people would use the subway in the summer months and that construction work would have made more sense in the summer. Despite the criticism, the MVG started construction work in October. The widespread installation of LTE technology in the entire underground network received positive votes again .

literature

Web links

Commons : Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  28. ↑ Martin Pabst: The Munich Tram. History • Lines • Vehicles . Munich 2010, p. 77.
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  34. ↑ Entry in the commercial register at LexisNexis : HRB 140658 of January 1, 2002 .
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  43. ↑ Alcohol ban in all MVG vehicles . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung (Bavaria) . August 1, 2009, p. 45 .
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  45. ↑ Oliver Herwig: A question of color . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung (Munich) . Munich August 28, 2000, p. 18 .
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