Munich tram series T

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Munich tram
series T (Avenio)
Car 2807 of the Munich tram at Max-Weber-Platz
Car 2807 of the Munich tram at Max-Weber-Platz
Numbering: 2801–2808 (T1.6)
2701–2709 (T2.7)
2751–2759 (T3.7)
2501–2504 (T4.7)
Number: 8 (T1.6), 9 (T2.7), 9 (T3.7), 4 (+73) (T4.7)
Manufacturer: Siemens
Year of construction (s): 2013-2014 (T1.6)
2017 (T2.7, T3.7, T4.7)
Axis formula : Bo '+ 2' + Bo '+ Bo'
Gauge : 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Length: 36.85 m
Height: 3.55 m
Width: 2.30 m
Empty mass: 47.8 t
Top speed: 70 km / h
Hourly output : 3 × 230 kW
Power system : 750 V =
Power transmission: Overhead line
Number of traction motors: 6th
Seats: 69
Standing room: 147
Low floor: 100%
Rear of the T-car 2805

As T series , the 16th will  railcars generation of Munich streetcar called. It consists of Avenio vehicles , most of which were built by Siemens in Vienna - Simmering . The trams are operated by the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG). The four-section articulated wagons are 36.85 meters long, 3.55 meters high, 2.30 meters wide and have an unladen weight of 47.8 tons. The vehicles in the small series, officially referred to as the T series  , were delivered between 2013 and 2014 and 2017 and began passenger service in September 2014 and December 2018, respectively.

history

Planning, first delivery and presentation

MVG originally left an option to purchase eight more trains from the previous model, the S series - a series of Variobahn trains from Stadler Rail . However, the option was not used after the Variobahnen had problems with the approval. Nevertheless, the trains were required by MVG for an expanding transport network and in the course of the so-called service offensive 2010-2020 , which means a more frequent frequency on various routes. The transport company therefore ordered eight models of the Avenios from Siemens on September 28, 2012. The vehicles should primarily be used on routes with high passenger volumes, i.e. on lines 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22. Due to a lack of time - the MVG already needed the vehicles for the timetable change on December 15, 2013 in order to be able to carry out the updates planned there - the first cars had to be delivered in the same year. However, December 15 was not officially confirmed by the MVG as the date of the first passenger deployment, after the previous model had already had approval problems. Siemens delivered the first six trains within a year. The sets were made in Vienna-Simmering; the bogies come from the factory in Graz .

The first car with the number 2801 was finally delivered in the night of October 28th to 29th, 2013 in depot 2 on Einsteinstraße . On November 4, 2013, the tram was presented for the first time to the media and guests of honor from the city administration, politics and business as well as MVG employees by her boss Herbert König and Siemens manager of the Urban Transport business unit Sandra Gott-Karlbauer in a darkened room of the depot on Einsteinstrasse . Gott-Karlbauer said that Siemens with the tram, which they "(t) rotz of the exceptionally tight schedule [...] in record time" produced, the "claim to play a leading role in the German and European market [...]" in the field to return to tram production. In addition to the actual vehicle, a model of the tram was also presented. After the presentation, the first vehicle delivered was sent back to the manufacturer for necessary test drives on the Siemens test track in the test and validation center in Wegberg , while extensive adjustment work and tests were to be carried out in Munich on the second vehicle delivered, the 2802 vehicle.

Further deliveries and test phase

On November 6, 2013, tram 2801 was sent back to the manufacturer as planned; On the night of November 12th, the second car that was to be used for test drives in Munich was finally delivered to the MVG. Vehicle 2801 came back to Munich on January 11, 2014.

At the beginning of December 2013, however, König announced that the trams could be excluded from operation due to a delayed completion or commissioning and thus also a delayed approval procedure from January at the earliest and not already at the time of the timetable change. A Siemens spokeswoman said, however, that the delay in delivery was only a few days. Six trams should have been delivered by mid-December; now the number had to be corrected to four. Ultimately, only three Avenios were in the Munich depot by the end of the year. At the same time, the new underground trains, which were already in the MVG depot, could not start operating as planned. In January 2014, the MVG announced that it would use the new trams from April 28, 2014.

Improvements had to be made to vehicles 2802 and 2805 in January 2014 in a Siemens factory in Munich- Allach .

On March 7, 2014, the 2804 car with numerous technical measuring devices was put into operation on the public transport network for the first time. He drove from the depot on Einsteinstrasse to the main workshop on Ständerstrasse. There he completed numerous measurement runs on the braking track and drove back to the depot on Einsteinstrasse on March 20.

All Avenios in Munich had been delivered by April 24, 2014. Although the trams were already in use in the Munich tram network due to test drives, the desired date for the use of passengers had to be abandoned because the vehicles had not yet been approved by the government of Upper Bavaria. As a result, the planned increase in cycle times could not be implemented again. The same also applied to the subways for the C2 trains, which were also purchased from Siemens .

During the night of April 25th to April 26th, 2014, tests and measurements were carried out with the 2801 on routes that were not used at this time. These were the first tests on the Munich tram network with the vehicle. In the period that followed, numerous other test drives were carried out with this vehicle in the Munich tram network. From the middle of the following month, car 2804 was also seen during test drives. Among other things, the profile freedom and the vehicle behavior at maximum load on all routes were simulated. From September, the car also made 2805 test drives outside the tram depot on Einsteinstrasse.

Trial run

After the trams had been reworked, the tests were completed in mid-September and approval was granted for a trial run. On September 17, 2014, the world's first Siemens Avenio finally went into passenger service: Car 2807 traveled on route 19, the only route approved for this type of vehicle. The day before, the MVG practically trained tram drivers on the route of Tram 19 with car 2805. This car with car 2801 and 2807 was provisionally approved for passenger use. When the Avenios first took passengers, a total of six different types of tram were in use in Munich at the same time, more than there had been since 1975. The tram was positively received by the press, drivers and passengers, in addition to its design, and above all for its "quiet driving style". Since the beginning of October, more and more vehicle deployments have been added after enough staff had been trained.

On September 19, 2014, the 2806 car was brought to Berlin so that it could be presented at the InnoTrans from September 23 to 26 .

The first trips of the T series freed up other trams with which the planned service offensive for other lines could be carried out. While the first vehicles began to operate with passengers, the 2801 was still used for measurement and test drives. In the morning hours of November 18, 2014, an Avenio got stuck in line use due to defective electronics, so that tram traffic came to a standstill on two routes. This was the first major defect in the Avenios in line use. By December 23, 2014, all Munich Avenios could be systematically included in passenger service. The driving training has meanwhile been extended to various trams also outside the route of Tram 19.

On July 31, 2015, the provisional approval for the Avenios expired and was unexpectedly not extended by the technical supervisory authority, according to the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft, although all documents and tests were submitted to the supervisory authority and there were no significant disruptions. The supervisory authority said, however, that the documents concerned “safety-related application conditions” that would have to exist for safe operation. Before the trams could continue, these existing documents would have to be checked by the MVG. However , there were no restrictions during the Bavarian summer holidays and the resulting holiday operations.

The documents were viewed eleven days after the cessation of operations and operations were initially allowed to resume until September 30, 2015. Until then, individual proofs were submitted until the MVG received a permanent operating permit from the technical supervisory authority on September 30, 2015.

Further orders

In October 2015, following a tender won by the manufacturer Siemens, MVG ordered a further 22 vehicles of the same vehicle type, and MVG also agreed an option for up to 124 additional vehicles. Nine two-car and nine three-car, after appropriate adjustments to the tram network, are preferred as a double traction on the heavily used lines along Dachauer Strasse, and four four-car trains have also been ordered to increase capacity on some lines. They also have different equipment than the cars of the first series, e.g. B. other seat models. After the first car was tested in the test center in Wildenrath in 2017, the first car was delivered to Munich from December 2017. After the approval process was delayed, all four-car models on line 19 and five of the nine two-car cars on line 12 have been in regular service since December 2018; the remaining four two-car cars were approved for regular service in April 2019. The nine three-part cars could also be approved for the timetable change on December 15, 2019. Approval for the double units is currently pending (as of December 2019).

On July 4, 2019, MVG triggered the option to order 73 four-part vehicles, which are to be delivered from 2021.

description

Basic data

The cost of all eight trains in the first series, which officially form the T 1.6 series, was estimated at 29 million euros, which corresponds to 3.625 million euros per train. The total price was later corrected to 32 million euros, i.e. four million euros per train. The MVG also applied for funding from the Free State of Bavaria. The Avenio, which weighs 47.8 tons in Munich, was used for the first time in the state capital and is a successor to the Combinos , which in turn is a successor to the GTxN series, which also operate in Munich as the R series . The payload of the T series is put at 23.6 tons. The Avenio consists of four car parts, each of which has its own central chassis. Unlike the S series, the structure of the wagons has bogies directly under instead of between the individual car bodies. According to Matthias Hintzen from the Working Group on Attractive Local Transport , this offers passengers significantly more comfort.

Like their predecessors, the Avenios feed some of the energy back into the network when braking, so that excess energy can be used by other trains. According to Siemens, 90 percent of a T-series vehicle should be recyclable. With an engine output of three times 230 kilowatts, the Avenio can go up to 70 kilometers per hour. The equipment of the 36.85 meter long, 2.30 meter wide and 3.55 meter high Avenios, on the other hand, corresponds again to the previous models: The trams are low-floor so that passengers can get on and off steplessly and the step room can be used for seats.

design

The number of doors, which are double pivoting sliding doors, has been increased from six to eight, which enables faster passenger changes and better distribution of passengers, especially on the heavily used sections of the route . This number of doors was last seen in the P series from the 1960s on the Munich tram.

The interior has a 2 + 1 seating arrangement. As in the R-1.1 prototypes , the seats above the chassis are arranged on pedestals. This allowed the seat spacing to be increased slightly. With space for 216 passengers, 69 of which are seated and 147 standing, the tram offers as much space as the types R 3.3 and S. While there are two seats next to each other on the left side of the vehicle, there are wide individual seats on the right. In this way, the available space should be optimally used. Five out of eight entrance areas were equipped with fewer seats. They serve as multifunctional zones, which above all offer sufficient space for prams and wheelchairs, but are also intended to support rapid passenger changes at the stops. A lift was also installed at the first door for wheelchair users.

As with the Variobahn, the passenger compartment can be air-conditioned. The passenger compartment is monitored by ten cameras. As is usual with the newer MVG trams, the T series has a dynamic passenger information system . Each car of the T series has four monitor units that show the next stops and transfer options. In addition, two ticket machines are integrated per tram. The handrails along the rows of seats in the direction of the aisle are made in a contrasting color in the lower area. This creates a "yellow ribbon" that runs through the entire train and offers better orientation for visually impaired passengers.

In terms of color, the Avenio is similar to the car types of the modernized R 2.2 and the Munich Variobahn, which are designed in the company colors of MVG. The sleek design of the front of the vehicle is far forward in the lower area; underneath are the crash elements required by the new EU standards. The Avenio has large panoramic windows that should also allow standing passengers a good view of the outside. The design was described as "sleek" by the evening newspaper and the newspaper Die Welt .

The rear wall of the driver's cab has been designed to be transparent through a well thought-out arrangement of the technical equipment in the upper area, which for the first time in Munich's low-floor trams allows passengers to see the entire width of the car forward and underlines the interior, which is designed as transparently as possible. All ergonomically shaped seats have been upholstered for comfort. The interior and ceiling panels have been kept in neutral gray tones. A strip of light above the corridor provides optimal illumination of the interior.

Driver's cab

The driver's cab, however, offers a major innovation: Due to the tight schedule, it could no longer be adapted for the MVG. For the first time in a Munich tram , the button for the bell, sand and rail brake is located in the driver's seat back instead of in a swiveling panel . For the first time on the Munich tram, a touchscreen is used in the driver's cab , which is located in the middle of the dashboard. A folding seat has been integrated in the driver's cab for driving instructors and training drivers. For the first time, a camera is used in addition to the rearview mirror for clearance.

The shunting driver's cab, through which the tram can also reverse, is located next to the rear seating area. What is unusual in Munich is that the pantograph was installed above the second part of the car instead of the first.

In contrast to the predecessor vehicles in the Munich fleet, the warning signal generator was originally ringing fully electronically via an audio file from the on-board computer instead of a bell . As a result, the jingling of the tram seemed more artificial than its predecessor, which was particularly criticized by the drivers. For this reason, the MVG had a mechanical warning bell retrofitted on all vehicles from March 2016.

Changes to the second series

The Avenios of the newer series have some changes compared to their predecessors. The interior has been equipped with different seat models, and the arrangement of the seats has also been changed so that the passage has become wider due to narrower seats. The passenger information system was also installed in different positions above the inter-car junction in order to provide a better overview in the car. Similar to the C2 trains, the doors were equipped with LED light strips. The driver's cab was adapted to the Munich conditions, the armrest with door buttons was integrated into the dashboard, as well as some buttons were changed from the arrangement.

vehicles

number variant delivered Installation Passenger use since particularities
2801 T1.6  Oct 29, 2013 Apr 25, 2014 Dec 17, 2014
2802 T1.6 Nov 12, 2013 23 Dec 2014 23 Dec 2014
2803 T1.6 Dec. 19, 2013 29 Sep 2014 29 Sep 2014
2804 T1.6 2014 0March 7, 2014 0Nov 3, 2014
2805 T1.6 Feb. 20, 2014 Sep 11 2014 Oct. 24, 2014
2806 T1.6 2014 Dec 10, 2014 Dec 10, 2014
2807 T1.6 Jan. 28, 2014 17 Sep 2014 17 Sep 2014
2808 T1.6 Apr 24, 2014 Dec 18, 2014 Dec 18, 2014
2701 T2.7 March 28, 2018 March 28, 2018 December 11, 2018
2702 T2.7 April 26, 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2703 T2.7 May 11, 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2704 T2.7 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2705 T2.7 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2706 T2.7 2018 2018 23 Apr 2019
2707 T2.7 2018 2018 23 Apr 2019
2708 T2.7 2018 2018 23 Apr 2019
2709 T2.7 0Aug 3, 2018 2018 23 Apr 2019
2751 T3.7 March 28, 2018 March 28, 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2752 T3.7 April 26, 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2753 T3.7 May 11, 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2754 T3.7 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2755 T3.7 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2756 T3.7 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2757 T3.7 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2758 T3.7 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2759 T3.7 0Aug 3, 2018 2018 Dec 15, 2019
2501 T4.7 Dec 20, 2017 Dec 21, 2017 December 11, 2018
2502 T4.7 Jan. 25, 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2503 T4.7 0Feb. 8, 2018 2018 December 11, 2018
2504 T4.7 Feb. 22, 2018 2018 December 11, 2018

Model trains

In addition to the actual vehicle, a model of the Avenios was also presented in the depot on Einsteinstrasse on November 4, 2013 and has since been exhibited in the MVG Museum . In April 2014, a H0 model train series from the manufacturer Halling in 1:87 scale was also released. In addition to a standard model, an additional motorized miniature train appeared.

Test deployment in Graz

On August 10, 2020, Graz Linien announced that the Munich Avenio 2501 should complete test drives in the Graz tram network from August 12 to 24, 2020 in order to collect data for the tender for the next generation of vehicles.

Remarks

  1. ↑ This information relates to the first occupied, independent journey outside of a test site set up for this purpose.

Web links

Commons : Munich tram series T  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nina Job: New tram for Munich: This is how it looks! In: evening newspaper . Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, September 28, 2012, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  2. ^ A b Daniel Schuhmann: Avenio: A good day for the Munich tram. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, September 28, 2012, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  3. ↑ a b MVG press release ( Memento from November 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b c d Marco Völklein: New tram is waiting for approval. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . SZ.de, November 5, 2013, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  5. ↑ a b First new Avenio (T 1.6) tram presented ( memento from March 20, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
  6. ↑ a b Siemens-Avenio starts in Munich. (No longer available online.) In: Industriemagazin . industriemagazin.at, November 5, 2013, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on September 1, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / industriemagazin.at
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k The new MVG Tram Avenio. In: Portal München Betriebs-GmbH & Co. KG. muenchen.de, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: The future on Munich's rails. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, November 4, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  9. ^ Daniel Schuhmann: Avenio halftime: Four T-cars in Munich. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, January 11, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  10. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenios on trips: 2801 goes; 2802 is coming. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, November 13, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2015 . /
  11. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: 2801 back in Munich. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, January 11, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  12. ^ A b Marco Völklein: New trams and underground trains are late. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . SZ.de, December 1, 2013, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  13. ↑ a b c d e Avenio / Type T - Munich. In: Tram-Online. strassenbahn-online.de, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  14. ^ Daniel Schuhmann: Avenio: Use planned from the end of April. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, January 22, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  15. ↑ a b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2805: Arrival in Munich. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, February 21, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  16. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: 2807 arrived in Munich. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, January 29, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  17. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2804: First transfer trip. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, March 7, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: measurement drives in the main workshop. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, March 20, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  19. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: All T-cars are in Munich. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, April 24, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  20. ↑ Marco Vöklein: New trams remain in the depot. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . SZ.de, April 24, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  21. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2801: Nocturnal excursion to the Westend. In: tramreport.de. Tramreport, April 26, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  22. ↑ a b See several sources:
    Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2801: Nocturnal excursion to the Westend. In: tramreport.de. Tramreport, April 26, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 . Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2801: Another trip to Grünwald. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, April 26, 2014, accessed on November 18, 2017 . Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2801: Test drive on the Nockherberg. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, May 9, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  23. ↑ See several sources:
    Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2804: test drive to St.-Veit-Straße. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, May 16, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Daniel Schuhmann: On the way to Avenio approval. In: Tram stories. tramgeschiocher.de, May 16, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Samuel Muth: A Chase - Reloaded. In: 8000 München 40.8000muenchen40.de, May 19, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2804: Measurement runs in the route network. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, May 22, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2804: Caught on Max-Weber-Platz. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, May 27, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Frederik Buchleitner: Nightly tow trips on the Nockherberg. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, August 21, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  24. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2804: On the way with heavy freight. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, July 1, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  25. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: 2805 on a test drive en route. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 13, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  26. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Passenger use on line 19. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  27. ↑ See several sources:
    Daniel Schuhmann: Timetable for the Avenio trial operation. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, September 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 . Avenio trains come on the rails. In: Bayerischer Rundfunk . br.de, September 18, 2014, archived from the original on February 4, 2015 ; accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  28. ↑ First Siemens Avenio tram enters passenger service. In: Railway Gazette. railwaygazette.com, September 17, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  29. ↑ a b c Frederik Buchleitner: The time has come! Avenio in passenger service. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 17, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  30. ^ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Second day of use and timetable. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Driving school trips on the line 19. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 17, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  32. ↑ Line 19: First new tram in service. In: tz . tz.de, September 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  33. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Munich variety of types. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 24, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  34. ↑ Armin Geier: This is how the new tram performs in the test. In: tz. tz.de, September 25, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  35. ^ Daniel Schuhmann: Please get on: Avenio in passenger service. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, September 17, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  36. ↑ Daniel Schuhmann: Survey: Avenio is well received by customers. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, October 1, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  37. ↑ a b c Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Car 2803 in passenger service. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, October 1, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  38. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Two T-cars on the line 19. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, October 7, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  39. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2806 on the way to Innotrans. In: Ttamreport. tramreport.de, September 19, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  40. ↑ Tram line 27: Increased frequency in rush hour traffic. In: evening newspaper . Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, November 3, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  41. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2801: test drives across Munich. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, November 8, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  42. ↑ Electronics defective: New tram breaks down. In: tz. tz.de, November 18, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  43. ↑ a b c Frederik Buchleitner: All eight: Avenio fleet is permitted. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 23, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  44. ^ Stefan Erhard: Avenio driving school. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, January 27, 2015, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  45. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: TAB temporarily refuses further use. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, August 4, 2015, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  46. ^ A b Marco Völklein: Out for new tram trains. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . SZ.de, August 5, 2015, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  47. ↑ Sophie Anfang: Government stops Munich's super tram! In: evening newspaper. Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, August 5, 2015, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  48. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Immediately (for the time being) back in action. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, August 11, 2015, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  49. ↑ Avenio trams approved for an unlimited period. In: Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft . mvg-mobil.de, September 30, 2015, accessed on September 30, 2015 .
  50. ^ Frederik Buchleitner: Result of the tender: Siemens wins the order. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, September 15, 2015, accessed on July 7, 2019 . /
  51. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio TZ: Delivery in Einsteinstrasse. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 21, 2017, accessed on July 7, 2019 . /
  52. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio-T3: Approval is here - passenger operation released. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 15, 2019, accessed on December 15, 2019 . /
  53. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Option redeemed: SWM and MVG order 73 Avenio four-parter. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, July 4, 2019, accessed on July 7, 2019 . /
  54. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: SWM and MVG: Investment plans for 2014. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, January 20, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 . /
  55. ^ Official brochure on the Avenio from Siemens. Retrieved January 25, 2016 .
  56. ^ A b Daniel Schuhmann: Avenio: Setting the course for the new tram. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, November 4, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  57. ↑ Nina Job: New tram for Munich: This is how it looks! In: evening newspaper. Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, September 28, 2012, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  58. ↑ A dream of a tram. In: The world . welt.de, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  59. ↑ a b Marco Vöklein: When the audio file tinkles three times. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. SZ.de, March 2, 2015, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  60. ↑ That's why some trams sound so artificial. In: evening newspaper. Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, March 3, 2015, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  61. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio strikes new notes. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, March 12, 2016, accessed on May 6, 2016 .
  62. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio TZ: Unloading and first test drive in the depot. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 21, 2017, accessed on July 7, 2019 .
  63. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: A large package from Vienna. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, October 29, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  64. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Now also 2801 in passenger service. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  65. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Delivery of the third Avenios. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 19, 2013, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  66. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: First passenger service for 2804. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, November 3, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  67. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2805 for the first time in passenger use. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, October 24, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  68. ^ A b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio 2806 in passenger service. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, December 10, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  69. ^ A b Daniel Schuhmann: Avenio approval: 7 out of 8 in passenger service. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, December 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  70. ↑ a b Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio T 4.7: unloading and first test drive in the depot. In: tramreport. tramreport.de, December 18, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  71. ↑ Frederik Buchleitner: Avenio: Heavy transport in 1:87. In: Tramreport. tramreport.de, April 19, 2014, accessed September 1, 2015 .
  72. ^ Daniel Schuhmann: Easter present: Avenio available as a model. In: Tram stories. tramgeschichten.de, April 19, 2014, accessed on September 1, 2015 .
  73. ↑ Graz Linien test trams from Munich at holding-graz.at
  74. ↑ Graz tests the Avenio four-part 2501 on tramreport.de
MVG rail vehicles
Subway

A  | B  | C.

tram

o  | Steam train  | Accu train  | Ungererbahn  | Z  | A  | B  | C / D  | E  | F  | G  | K  | I / J  | L  | M  | P  | R  | S  | T