Uber (company)

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Uber Technologies Inc.

logo
legal form Corporation
ISIN US90353T1007
founding 2009
Seat San Francisco , United States
management Dara Khosrowshahi (CEO)
Garrett Camp (Chairman)
sales $ 11.3 billion (2018)
Branch Public transport
Website www.uber.com

Uber (named after the English Germanism uber for "about") is a US- American service company based in San Francisco . It provides online passenger transportation services in many cities around the world . In Germany, Uber only arranges rides for licensed rental car companies and their professional drivers. The options UberX, Green, Premium, UberXL and Taxi are available. In the past, Uber used UberPop to provide rides to private drivers with their own cars. This option was banned by the courts. The placement takes place via a mobile app or a website . The company charges a commission of more than 25 percent of the fare. The app is one of the taxi apps . Gradually, other driving services have been added, such as UberEats food delivery.

Companies

Company management, development and investments

  • Uber founder
    Travis Kalanick (2013)

  • Uber founder
    Garrett Camp (2009)

Garrett Camp and Travis Kalanick (later CEO ) originally founded Uber in 2009 as a limo service in San Francisco. In 2013 sales of $ 213 million had already been achieved. A leaked presentation dated June 2015 for prospective investors predicted trip bookings of $ 11 billion in 2015; According to the news service Reuters , 20 percent of this goes to Uber, which means a turnover of about two billion dollars for the company. Behind the company are the investors Benchmark Capital , Goldman Sachs and Google Ventures , First Round Capital, Menlo Ventures and Lowercase Capital. In early June 2014, the company received $ 1.2 billion in venture capital from investors such as Google and Goldman Sachs. The Chinese Internet company Baidu also wanted to invest $ 600 million in Uber, while the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation (CIC) is planning to invest in Uber -Competitors Didi Kuaidi invest. After a round of funding that closed in late July 2015, Uber was valued at over $ 50 billion. In June 2014 it was $ 17 billion. In May 2016, the car manufacturer Toyota also announced that it would acquire a stake in Uber.

The IPO took place on May 10, 2019. However, Uber's largest competitor in North America , Lyft , preceded the company on March 28, 2019 with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange . PayPal is also investing $ 500 million in Uber. In June 2019, it was announced that Uber had acquired a stake in the Internet currency Libra .

In 2018, sales were $ 11.3 billion, with a loss of $ 1.8 billion.

Worldwide presence and expansion of business

In mid-June 2016, the service was represented in 471 cities (September 2014: 200 cities), including in German-speaking countries in Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Düsseldorf, Vienna and Zurich. The city of Cologne was discussed in 2015, but this was rejected in 2016. Most cities do not offer the full range of UberPop, UberBlack, UberX, UberTaxi, UberSUV, etc., for example, in Vienna there was only UberBlack until August 2014.

Job postings in Berlin, Munich and Zurich suggested that Uber would like to expand its offering to include food delivery in Germany as well. The company already offers this delivery service under the name UberEATS in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, India, Japan, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, the USA, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and many other countries, since December 2016 also in Vienna. Since 2017, McDonald’s has been using UberEATS for its McDelivery delivery service.

In January 2017, Uber announced a cooperation with Daimler in the area of ​​developing self-driving cars . In April, the travel agent confirmed a report by the Bloomberg LP news agency about a net loss of around 2.6 billion euros in the previous year. In the same month it became known that Axel Springer Verlag had acquired a stake in Uber.

On July 13, 2017, Yandex and Uber signed an agreement to cooperate in online taxi orders in Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan. The companies decided to invest $ 325 million in the joint structure. 59.3% of the platform will be owned by Yandex, 36.6% by Uber and 4.1% by the employees.

The current managing director Dara Khosrowshahi in 2012

In June 2017, Kalanick stepped down as CEO after seven years. From September 1st, Dara Khosrowshahi took his place. He was previously head of Expedia for twelve years .

In November 2017, the Japanese company Softbank decided to invest in Uber through a consortium.

In March 2018, there was a fatal accident involving an Uber robot car . Uber had to suspend testing until further notice.

In April 2018, Uber took over Jump Bikes , a bike and electric scooter rental company, expanding into Europe. In June 2019 Jump was in North America in 22 cities and in Europe u. a. available in Berlin, Paris, and Lisbon. In May 2020, Uber announced a $ 170 million stake in the electric scooter supplier Lime , whose offer will be displayed in the Uber app. At the same time, Uber is handing over its rental bike and electric scooter business to Lime.

Public policy advisory board

The company established the Public Policy Advisory Board to advise Uber on a variety of issues. The committee includes, for example, the former Minister Ray LaHood , the former EU Commissioner Neelie Kroes and, since 2017, the former Bild editor-in-chief Kai Diekmann . The members meet once a year in San Francisco. The activity is compensated with company shares.

Situation in Germany

overview

Uber is currently (as of February 14, 2020) active in eight German cities and arranges trips to local rental car and taxi companies. In addition, it has been possible to rent JUMP e-bikes and e-scooters in Berlin and Munich via the Uber app since 2019. In November 2019, Uber started its first pilot project in the countryside in Kirchheim near Munich. After three months and around 3,000 journeys, the company decided to extend the project, hold talks with taxi companies about a way of working together and make it easier for older people without smartphones to access the service. In June 2020, Uber started a second pilot project in rural areas in Falkensee (Brandenburg), in which it offers users two feeder offers to local public transport.

Since October 2014, Uber has also been offering the UberTaxi service in Germany (initially in Hamburg and Berlin, now also in Düsseldorf). Here, locally licensed taxis are brokered to customers. Other network services via taxi app do this for some time, and exclusively, for example myTaxi or Taxi.eu . Like this one, Uber is now in competition with the previous taxi companies with UberTaxi, with a very similar product. The registered customer uses the Uber app on their smartphone to call a taxi. After placing an order, he can see the route and the taxi order number as well as the driver's name and telephone number on his smartphone. Unlike Uber's other offers, this service is not controversial.

In contrast to taxis, rental cars with a driver ( radio rental car ) are only allowed to take up new orders at the company headquarters or "by telephone while driving" in accordance with Section 49 PBefG. However, placing orders via smartphone app can be more efficient for customers than switching over the phone. For example, the drivers may be more “ready in the city center, like a taxi, in order to be able to pick up passengers spontaneously”. This in turn corresponds to the need to face the PBefG in full (as a "commercial provider").

The market for taxi services in Germany is regulated by the PBefG. Since UberPop drivers neither have a taxi license nor a rental car permit, many taxi operators and lawyers believe that this is a violation of competition law: In Berlin, a taxi operator was able to successfully obtain an injunction against Uber because the competent court agreed with the plaintiff's view that business operations were going on should be classified by Uber as "taxi-like". However, this decision was not applied by the suing taxi company because he feared high claims for damages from Uber.

In Germany, several courts have already ruled in favor of the UberPop service. On March 18, 2015, the Frankfurt Regional Court declared the service in Germany to be anti-competitive in a landmark decision, as the drivers provided drive illegally without a license and the fare exceeds the operating costs. At the end of May 2015, Uber completely discontinued the UberPop service in Germany; in June 2018, Uber boss Dara Khosrowshahi announced in Berlin that he would increasingly rely on the brokerage of e-cars and e-bikes .

In October 2019, one of the 700 members of the Cologne taxi cooperative (Taxiruf Köln eG) obtained an interim injunction with nationwide validity, according to which driving orders may no longer be placed via the UberX app. This ruling states that the UberX app is anti-competitive in the opinion of the competent chamber because orders can be accepted directly by the (wireless rental car) driver. According to the Passenger Transport Act, these orders must first be received by the respective rental car center at the company headquarters. The implementation is ongoing because the internationally operating company Uber claims that it cannot read the order to be sent in Amsterdam, which is written in German. (As of October 23, 2019)

Hamburg

On July 22, 2014, the Hamburg traffic authority de facto banned UberPop by prohibiting the brokerage of paid or commercial trips to people who lack a permit under the PBefG. The Hamburg Higher Administrative Court declared the prohibition order immediately enforceable on September 24, 2014 in proceedings for interim legal protection . Uber faces a fine of EUR 1000 per violation if they continue to drive.

As early as June, Hamburg banned the rival company WunderCar from arranging tours via an app. On July 25, 2014, it was reported that other major cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich are also considering a ban on Uber.

UberX and UberGREEN have been available in Hamburg since July 17, 2019.

Berlin

In August 2014, the Berlin State Office for Citizens and Regulatory Affairs issued Uber with a prohibition order for its mediation offer in Berlin and threatened a fine of 25,000 euros for each violation. However, the order is not yet final.

Finally, the state of Berlin banned UberPop and UberBlack. Even if Uber itself has neither its own vehicles nor employed drivers, the company is not just a mere broker of driving services. Uber acts as a contractual partner towards the passengers. The UberBlack offer violates the obligation to return radio rental vehicles to the company headquarters in accordance with passenger transport law, thus blurring the distinction between taxis and rental cars in an inadmissible manner. The Administrative Court of Berlin therefore confirmed the official ban on September 26, 2014.

On October 7, 2014, Uber lowered the prices for journeys in Berlin to € 0.35  per kilometer, thereby avoiding the need for a concession under the Passenger Transport Act. By lowering the costs below the operating costs, the service would represent a brokerage of carpooling opportunities without profit. At the same time, Uber launched a petition for legislation in favor of its mode of passenger transport and called for the petition to be signed. Uber wants to purchase its own vehicles for UberBlack and acquire a concession.

On July 15, 2019, Uber announced that there is now UberXL , a service aimed at groups of up to six people, in Berlin .

Munich

On March 26, 2018, Uber launched its first e-car fleet in Germany in Munich with UberGREEN and 30 vehicles.

The Frankfurt Regional Court issued a nationwide preliminary injunction on August 25, 2014 without an oral hearing at the request of the Taxi Germany cooperative. Extract from it:

"[Uber is] prohibited from conveying passengers' transport requests to drivers via the technical application" Uber "and / or [...]" UberPop ", insofar as they would carry out the transport requests for a fee in vehicles without being in possession a permit according to the PBefG, unless the total remuneration for the transport trip does not exceed the operating costs of the trip. "

Uber announced that it would take action against this and continue to offer its services unchanged despite the ban. The court overturned this ruling on September 16, 2014, on the grounds that the ruling was indeed legal in the matter, but during the hearing “it emerged that the initially presumed urgency was to be disproved is ". Taxi Germany announced that it would appeal.

On March 18, 2015, following a lawsuit brought by Taxi Deutschland, the Frankfurt Regional Court banned Uber from arranging trips throughout Germany for which the driver did not have a passenger transport license. This affects the UberPop offer. According to an Uber spokesman, Fabien Nestmann, it can be assumed that the company will file an appeal.

On April 21, the district court announced that it had received the security deposit from the plaintiff, so the judgment will be enforceable. Uber reacted: Since the UberPop price in Frankfurt and Munich was still above the “price level of carpooling agencies” of, according to Uber, € 0.35 per kilometer, Uber lowered the price to 0.35 in these last two cities € per kilometer. In the other three of the five German UberPop cities, the price had been lowered earlier. The Uber representatives for Germany wrote about the price reduction: “It is to be expected that under these circumstances uberPOP will on the one hand become even more attractive for you as a user, but on the other hand it will be significantly less attractive for drivers. It will probably be a lot harder to order an uberPOP in the next few weeks. "

On June 9, 2016, the Higher Regional Court in Frankfurt am Main confirmed the ban on the brokerage of journeys through UberPOP.

On February 10, 2020, the District Court of Munich I banned the Uber apps after a taxi operator had sued. The judgment was based, among other things, on a disregard for the obligation to return. In addition, the transport order must first be received at the rental company's head office. The judgment is not yet final (as of February 23, 2020). Uber argued the ban only applied to an outdated version and continued to operate normally.

Replacement by UberX

In May 2015, Uber began to offer another service as an option in its app for four cities (Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Düsseldorf): UberX. This has been around for a long time in other countries. In Germany it is expressed as follows, according to Uber: “With [uberX] we are taking up the main points of criticism of the previous legal discussion and are adapting to the existing regulations in Germany. […] [B] uberX provides you with trips that are operated by licensed rental car companies. All drivers have a passenger transport license [...] "

After the introduction of the replacement UberX in four cities, UberPop was then discontinued throughout Germany.

At the end of October 2015, Uber announced that it would temporarily only offer its services in Munich and Berlin from November 9th in Germany. In the meantime, Düsseldorf and Frankfurt have been added again, Cologne started in April 2019 and Hamburg in July 2019.

Income and tax liability of Uber drivers

Uber uses affiliated wireless rental companies ( UberBlack ) or taxis ( UberTaxi ) on the one hand , but also private drivers with their own cars ( UberPop ) until the ban in 2016 . For the official taxis and rental cars ( also called minicars ) a business registration and permit for commercial passenger transport is available. In the opinion of many taxi operators, private drivers are also obliged within these mandatory regulations to fulfill the applicable obligations for commercial passenger transport and to meet the applicable regulations for commercial income.

In Germany, a business registration is required if the intention is to make a profit . Regular journeys, minus your own costs ( wear and tear, fuel, agency fees, costs for mobile Internet ), generate a taxable profit for the carrier according to the official Uber tariffs. In addition, there is the character of a commercial and visibly outward-looking activity with a contractually stipulated sales behavior ( e.g. 20% agency fee to Uber ).

Situation in Austria

After a lawsuit by Taxi 40100 , a court decision was made that rental car drivers had to accept a follow-up order at the operator's premises or in the apartment and not in the car that had not yet returned from the previous order.

Uber then ceased operations on April 25, 2018 in order to adjust its placement procedure. On April 27, just after 7:00 p.m., Uber was back up and running with a new mode to match that court ruling. At the beginning of June 2019 it was announced that the UberX service will now also be tested in Graz , Salzburg and Linz . In February 2020, Uber won two lawsuits in Austria. The Supreme Court confirmed on February 7th that Uber's business model is lawful and no rental car license is required. The Supreme Court thus ended a legal dispute that had lasted for years between the Viennese taxi radio center 40100 and the US company. On February 22nd it was announced that the Higher Regional Court of Vienna also ruled that Uber is lawfully operating in Austria with its current business model. The court classified Uber as an intermediary platform.

Situation in Switzerland

Uber plans to stop using UberPop in Switzerland by the end of May 2018 . The service to Zurich and Lausanne is also to be discontinued in Basel . In addition to Basel, Zurich and Lausanne, UberX is also available in Geneva , where UberPop was never launched. In addition, there is also the limousine service UberBlack in Zurich and Geneva and UberGreen with electric vehicles in Zurich . The Swiss journeys are billed tax-favorably in the Netherlands. The estimated 2,500 drivers in Switzerland were insured collectively with Axa Insurance from the end of May 2019 . At the end of October 2019, Uber was banned from further activities in the canton of Geneva , should the drivers not be regularly employed by the end of November 2019 (see bogus self-employment ), so that social benefits such as old-age and survivors' insurance would also be paid. With the same deadline, Uber can also file an appeal against the decision of the responsible labor department in the canton and continue as before at least until a court decision is made. UberX launched in Bern on February 27, 2020 .

Driving data, data about the drivers, algorithm

Uber collects extensive data about its drivers and customers. For example, GPS is used to evaluate how the exact route was during a trip, when it was driven, who drove, who the passenger was, where the car stopped and even where it slowed down or turned.

Uber evaluated its data in the USA with regard to possible one-night stands and filtered out data from people who booked two trips at night and early in the morning, with the departure point of the second within a radius of 160 meters from the drop-off point first ride. Based on this data, maps of cities were created in which the districts with a supposedly particularly large number of one-night stands were highlighted. Uber's boss for Germany, Fabien Nestmann, said that in future, however, they would concentrate on "making meaningful evaluations".

For the US, Uber also published statistics on its drivers, based on internal company data and a survey of some of the drivers: In December 2014, Uber had 162,000 active drivers in the USA (classified as those who drove at least four times a month ), of which a quarter, 40,000, had never driven for Uber before. The age of Uber drivers in the United States is more evenly distributed than taxi drivers, who tend to be older. They are more female and more likely to have college degrees compared to taxi drivers. The majority of US Uber drivers do not drive full-time. According to the survey commissioned by Uber, 73% of Uber drivers in the US prefer to be able to choose what time of the day to work and be their own boss rather than a 9:00 am to 5:00 pm To have a job with benefits in kind / insurance from the employer and a fixed salary.

Control detection and avoidance algorithm

The NYT reported in March 2017 the methods Uber used to identify and lock out city inspectors.

Fares

In Germany, Uber now only arranges rides to licensed rental car and taxi companies. The drivers all have a passenger transport license. The amount of the fare is not determined by the driver; it is specified in the Uber app and is paid for by the passenger using a credit card or the PayPal internet payment service. However, the prices are not set by the authorities as in the taxi industry, but are set by the rental company. Rides can often be offered below the prices of a taxi due to better utilization of the vehicles, but in times of high journeys or a shortage of transport options, for example during heavy snowfall, bus strikes or trade fairs, fares can rise. (surge pricing) . However, this short-term increase can also be massive. During a hostage-taking in Sydney in December 2014, Uber tripled fares, in some cases. Only after protests on the Internet did the company row back and offer a repayment.

UberElevate

UberAIR / UberElevate wants to offer short helicopter flights; Demonstration flights are scheduled to start in Dallas and Los Angeles in 2020, with commercial operations scheduled to begin in 2023. The program is expected to encounter security and regulatory obstacles.

Criticism of the corporate culture

Employees, dealing with users

In early 2017, the New York Times surveyed more than 30 employees, including former employees, for an analysis of corporate culture and evaluated internal e-mails, chats and sound recordings from meetings. On this basis, the newspaper described the corporate culture as "uninhibited". Ubers management has made it its goal to incite merciless competition among its employees. Misconduct by successful employees would be tolerated.

In November 2017, Uber was listed in the Paradise Papers publications .

It was not until November 21, 2017 that company management informed around 50 million Uber users and the public about the massive theft of data records from the cloud service , although the data theft had already taken place in 2016. The New York law enforcement agency then launched an investigation into the cyber attack . A ransom of $ 100,000 was paid by Uber to keep the stolen data from being made public.

On December 4, 2019, it was announced that separate toilets for Uber employees and Uber drivers had been set up in an Uber office in Providence , Rhode Island . At the request of VICE , an Uber spokesman regretted the incident. Uber then had the signs removed again.

UberPop controversy

UberPop is a service provided by Uber that provides private drivers with their cars to customers who want to travel. For this, the driver needs a car with at least four doors, and it must not be visibly damaged or older than nine years. Uber sees its UberPop offering as part of the sharing economy , in which everyone makes themselves and their skills available to the general public. Defenders of the offer often interpret UberPop as an app-based variant of a ride -sharing option . However, carpooling and carpooling agencies are characterized by the fact that it is not the customer who significantly determines the distance and the remuneration is mainly based on the cost (cost recovery) of the driver taking them with them, i.e. the driver is not allowed to pursue any commercial profit intent. UberPop, on the other hand, initially charged around 80% of a normal taxi rate per kilometer . On October 7, 2014, however, Uber lowered the prices for trips in two German cities to € 0.35 per kilometer - and thus to the level of cost - in order to avoid urgent legal disputes.

In the opinion of many lawyers and two German courts, the offer is still largely illegal. So for the passenger transport of paying customers in Germany u. a. a special driver's license for passenger transport is required. However, Uber only requests a certificate of good conduct and information about the number of points at the Federal Motor Transport Authority , but no calibrated odometer, no 12-month proof of the technical condition of the vehicle and no check of the health of the driving staff (e.g. eye test ) , which is regularly required for renewing the driver's license for passenger transport every five years. This constitutes a violation of the German Passenger Transport Act (PBefG) and thus a violation of competition.

Worldwide protests, bans and restrictions

In 2017, Uber suffered a heavy defeat in the European Court of Justice . He classified the company as a transport service provider instead of a mere broker and thus destroyed the original business model. In legal terms, the service no longer differs significantly from classic taxi services, so Uber drivers should also need a license. It is up to the EU member states to regulate the conditions under which such services are provided.

Legal situation of UberPop and UberBlack worldwide (as of August 2015)

There are worldwide reactions to the provider, who often works in a legal gray area.

In Paris and Lyon , Uber drivers were attacked by taxi drivers in January 2014; in Seattle they were blocked. In April 2014, Uber was banned by a court in Brussels and New York from brokering rides. In New York (as of 2015) the Uber service is taking place again. On June 11, 2014, numerous taxi drivers across Europe protested against Uber. This made politicians aware of the problem of arranging trips, but the reports of the protests first made many customers aware of Uber. In London, Uber new signups were up 850% from the average.

In Indonesia, Thailand, the Netherlands and Spain, the service was banned nationwide in the second half of 2014. In early December 2014, India also banned Uber from offering its UberPop service in New Delhi after a passenger was abducted and raped by an Uber driver. The allegation against Uber is that the convicted driver was used by Uber without first checking him. Indian Interior Minister Singh is currently considering a nationwide ban. In the US states of California and Oregon , Uber will soon have to stand trial for security deficiencies, improper billing, and other violations of the law.

Taxi drivers protest in Portland, USA against the unequal regulation of taxis and their competition from Uber, 2015

The City Council of New York City , together with its Mayor Bill de Blasio, announced in July 2015 that it would legislate to limit the growth of Uber to a maximum of 1 percent for one year and to examine the impact of the transport service on traffic and the environment.

After the Sydney hostage-taking , Uber made trips to evacuate concerned citizens at prices that were up to three times higher than the normal fare due to purely economic pricing policies. After massive criticism and a shitstorm on the Internet, however, Uber was remorseful and offered those affected, among other things, repayments. However, Uber had previously argued that the higher prices had encouraged more drivers to drive to the crisis area, so that those affected could be evacuated more quickly in this way, i.e. a general benefit resulted from the consistent application of the principle of supply and demand . In the US, Uber has already been banned from arbitrarily raising its prices in emergency situations (i.e. using the so-called "surge pricing" model).

UberPop has been banned in France since 2015. In the first quarter of 2015 so far (March 18, 2015) around 250 drivers have been fined. The Uber headquarters in Paris was raided by prosecutors in March 2015. On June 29, 2015, the managing directors of Uber Western Europe and Uber France were even temporarily taken into police custody. The ban is based on a French law passed in autumn 2014 which, among other things, prohibits the placement of non-professional drivers in the transport of passengers. The law also meant that it is now forbidden to show the availability of drivers in the vicinity on a map. In December 2014, the EU Commission examined whether the law complied with EU free market rules. Already at the beginning of 2014 a restrictive regulation applied in France until the judicial repeal after only one month, according to which when using "licensed tourist vehicles with chauffeur" (so-called VTCs) as well as Uber Le Cab and other comparable services between the order and the customer's boarding, at least 15 minutes had to pass.

In Copenhagen in December 2016, the company was accused of aiding and abetting illegal taxi rides. Uber denied the allegations. You just provide drivers with a platform for their service.

In the Chinese Macau Special Administrative Region , Uber suspended its offer in 2017 after pressure from the authorities.

The City of London refused to extend Uber's license, which expired on September 30, 2017, to operate further parts of the offer. The TfL's decision was based on the fact that Uber had broken the law from the start, exploited its drivers and took no responsibility for the safety of its passengers. The company wants to take legal action against the decision.

On April 25, 2018, Uber had to temporarily suspend its services in Vienna due to an injunction from the Vienna Commercial Court.

On the morning of June 14, 2018 at Santiago de Chile airport , an Uber driver was shot through the windshield by a police officer during a routine traffic check after he tried to push the officer standing in front of the car with his vehicle in order to evade the control . The driver, who was able to leave the hospital on the same day, recorded the incident with his cell phone camera and shared it on the Internet. Uber drivers then gathered in Santiago to protest the behavior of the police . In Chile , private Uber drivers without a passenger transport license and taxi license plates are working illegally, but the service, as well as the competitive offer of the Spanish provider Cabify , is widespread in all major cities, is heavily used and even advertised on television. Relations with the security forces have been tense for years, and illegal taxi drivers' vehicles are confiscated during police checks. While Uber criticized the behavior of the police officer, who was injured in the leg by the car, as disproportionate, President Sebastián Piñera defended the police and spoke of a self-defense situation. He promised to implement the legal regulation of the services planned since 2016 on the basis of a level playing field with the taxi industry. According to the Chilean Minister of Transport, Uber vehicles would have to meet all the requirements and requirements for driver qualification and vehicle safety prescribed for commercial taxi services. In protest against the announced legalization, taxi drivers in the capital marched past the Chilean presidential palace La Moneda in a car convoy that same afternoon .

California Court Ruling

After the ride operator Lyft, Uber also announced in August 2020 that it would suspend its operations in the US state of California over the dispute over the status of drivers. The reason is a judge's decision that drivers active on such platforms in the state must be treated as employees rather than independent contractors under a 2019 law. However, Lyft prefers to stop operations rather than hire tens of thousands of drivers.

Web links

Individual evidence

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