Yandex
| Yandex NV
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| legal form | Naamloze vennootschap |
| ISIN | NL0009805522 |
| founding | 1997 |
| Seat |
Amsterdam , Netherlands
|
| management | Arkadi Wolosch ( CEO ) |
| Number of employees | 5616 |
| sales | 50.767 billion Russian rubles (2014) |
| Branch | Internet services |
| Website | company.yandex.com |
| As of December 31, 2014 | |
Yandex ( Russian Яндекс ) is a Russian - Dutch company with headquarters in Amsterdam near Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and operational headquarters in Moscow , which became known for its internet services - in particular for the search engine of the same name . The company has existed since 1997 and is the clear market leader in the field of Internet search in Russia with a market share of 64% (as of June 2010) and is also represented in several other countries in Eastern Europe with a significant market share. In addition, Yandex offers numerous other services and products, including services for Internet advertising, its own browser ( Yandex.Browser ), an online translator ( Yandex.Translate ), a map service ( Yandex.Maps ), e-mail inboxes, Cloud services or an AppStore for Android .
Yandex is the fifth largest search engine in the world by page views on desktops, after Google , Yahoo , Bing and Baidu . Since May 2010 the search engine has also been available globally in an English version.
The company's shares are traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol YNDX and on the Moscow Stock Exchange and are included in the RTS index .
History and name
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Arkady Volosch , the founding director and later head of Yandex, studied applied mathematics at the Moscow State Institute for Oil and Gas during the Soviet era . He developed search algorithms as early as 1990 and found a partner in the Apresjan Laboratory (Institute for Information Transmission of the Russian Academy of Sciences ) in 1993 , with whom the problem of hypotheses in searching in Russian was successfully solved. The search was not only tied to the dictionary, in the event of grammatical errors or unknown words, the searcher receives suggestions, as is now also done by Google.ru. The advantage of Yandex over Google is therefore the better handling of Russian cases and verb forms.
In 1993, Wolosch founded the company “CompTek” together with his school friend Ilja Segalowitsch . On September 23, 1997, Yandex was announced as the first Cyrillic search engine and went online as Yandex.ru in November 1997, then still a division of CompTek. Yandex started a year earlier than Google . At this point in time, only 200,000 out of around 145 million Russians had access to the Internet, and most browsers and search engines could not handle the Russian language and Cyrillic script.
The name Yandex ( Russian Яндекс , German transliterated Jandeks or Jandex) is derived from the term "language index" ("Язык индекс"), which includes the first letter " Я " (Ya (English), German yes), which in Russian also stands for the personal pronoun "I", connects with the second word "index".
After Yandex had grown strongly, Arkadi Wolosch and Ilja Segalowitsch founded the independent company Yandex in 2000, until then the search engine had been developed within CompTek.
Yandex is headquartered in Moscow and has offices in Saint Petersburg , Yekaterinburg , Kazan and Rostov-on-Don as well as in Ukraine, Belarus, Switzerland, the USA and Turkey. The company has a total of around 4,300 employees, some of whom are trained in in-house institutes. Yandex runs its own “school for data analysis” and runs a corresponding master’s program there together with the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology .
Yandex owns the largest server park in Russia and servers in Ukraine and Germany (Frankfurt).
Yandex offers its own search services in Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine. Since summer 2008, the company has also had its own research laboratory in the USA, Yandex Labs in Silicon Valley .
In 2002 Yandex reached the breakeven point, sales and profits have increased continuously since then: Sales rose from 17 million US dollars (2004) to 35.6 million (2005) and 72.6 million (2006) to 300 million US dollars (2008) . Net income increased from $ 13.6 million (2004) to $ 29.9 million (2005) to $ 35.6 million (2006). Over 85 percent of Yandex revenue comes from text-based ads.
The Yandex.Maps service went online in 2004 , around six months before Google Maps .
On May 24, 2011, Yandex went public in New York. Yandex and its associates sold 52.2 million shares at $ 25 each. The IPO on NASDAQ brought the shareholders 20 percent more profit than initially planned.
In May 2011 it became known that Yandex had passed on confidential customer data of the payment service provider operated by the company to the Russian domestic secret service FSB . Donors who have supported the popular anti-corruption fighter Alexei Navalny through the payment service “Yandex Dengi” are particularly affected .
In June 2011, the company announced a search alliance with smaller competitor Rambler . Yandex will provide the results for the Rambler search function .
In September 2011, Yandex entered the Turkish online market. The search engine, mail, map service, translator, news aggregators and other services have been introduced under the URL yandex.com.tr. Yandex also opened a branch in Istanbul.
In February 2013, Yandex overtook Microsoft's Bing for search queries for the first time , according to an analysis by comScore qSearch .
In February 2014, a branch was opened in Berlin, in which up to 130 employees will work in research and development for the company's own map service. In February of the same year, “Yandex.Kit” was presented, its own Android version. The Russian company Explay and Huawei were won as the first hardware partners .
In the summer of 2017, in a project with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, a symbol (a green circle with a tick ) was published that marks websites with registered microfinance organizations.
In the fall of 2018, Yandex's shares lost 15 percent when Sberbank was able to control shares; the search engine had become so important that, in the words of Alexei Navalny, it either had to work with the state or was devoured by it. A bill was introduced in the Duma which, in relation to ownership, would allow search engines to have a maximum share of 20 percent of foreign capital, similar to the media.
Range of services
The original and most important service is a Russian-language internet search engine. At the beginning of 2012, Yandex was ahead of Google with a market share of over 60 percent in Russia with a little over 20 percent. In August 2015, Yandex continued to be the market leader in web search on the Russian Internet with a market share of 56.9%, ahead of Google (35.1%), Mail.ru (6.4%) and Rambler (0.5%).
Over the years, Yandex has become a multi-portal with more than 30 services. The most popular are Yandex.Nowosti (news), Yandex.Fotki (photos), Yandeks.Igruschki (games), Yandex.Karty (map service with panorama function analogous to Google Street View), Yandex.Probki (traffic jam alarm ), Yandex.Perewod (online Translator), Yandex.Slowari (dictionary) and since September 2010 Yandex.Musyka ( music streaming offer ).
The offer consists of a web catalog with web search, webmail , news, classified ads, picture search, blog service , online maps and some smaller services.
With the help of the Yandex.Direkt service , search engine advertising is made possible in Yandex. The functionality of Yandex.Direkt is very similar to that of Google Adwords . After registering with this service, the user has the opportunity to set up their own search engine marketing campaign.
A separate tool for web analytics is offered under the name Yandex.Metrica . Its range of functions is similar to that of other industry solutions such as Google Analytics . Despite being less well known, Yandex.Metrica is popular with users because it provides advanced functions such as session replay or scroll maps free of charge as part of its competitive strategy.
Ownership and Management
"Yandex" is a limited liability company which is a 100% subsidiary of the Dutch Yandex NV. The corporation has issued two types of shares: Type A and Type B. Type B shares have ten times the voting rights . With their help, the company is controlled. This system, which is supposed to protect the company from hostile takeovers , was introduced by the founders of "Yandex" Arkadij Woloschem and Ilya Segalowitsch at a time when they wanted to protect Yandex from being taken over by the Russian state. In 2009, Yandex sold a “ golden share ” to the state-run “ Sberbank Russia ” for € 1. This share gives the Russian state extensive powers over control of the company's block of shares. Since August 2009, all shareholders who want to acquire more than 25% of the share capital or the company's votes need the approval of the Board of Directors of »Sberbank Russia«.
Over 61% of the Yandex shares belong to mutual funds (ru-Net Holdings, Baring Vostok Capital Partners and Tiger Technologies), 24% are owned by Yandex executives and employees, 10% belong to private investors and former employees, 5 % are holders of stock options.
management
- Arkadi Jurjewitsch Volosch , founding director and CEO
- Ilja Walentinowitsch Segalowitsch , CTO 2000-2013
- Jelena Kolmanovskaya, editor-in-chief
- Arkadi Borkowski - CTO of Yandex Labs
- Jelena Igorewna Bunina , HR Director (from January 1, 2011), General Director of Yandex in Russia (from December 1, 2017)
Products
| product | description | |
|---|---|---|
| international / English name | Russian name | description |
| Yandex.Search | Яндекс.Поиск | Web search, including image and video search |
| Yandex.Mail | Яндекс.Почта | E-mail service |
| Yandex.Maps | Яндекс.Карты | Map service |
| Yandex.Panorama | Яндекс.Панорамы | Street View -like service |
| Yandex.Direct | Яндекс.Директ | Online advertising service (similar to Google Ads ) |
| Yandex.Money | Яндекс.Деньги | Online payment service (similar to PayPal ) |
| Yandex.Translate | Яндекс.Перевод | Online translator |
| Yandex.Browser | Яндекс.Браузер | Web browser |
| Yandex.Disk | Яндекс.Диск | Cloud storage service |
| Yandex.Shell | Яндекс.Shell | Launcher for Android |
| Yandex.Store | Яндекс.Store | Appstore for Android |
| Yandex Musyka * | Яндекс.Музыка | Music streaming service |
| Moi jug * | Мой Круг | Social network for working people (similar to XING or LinkedIn ) |
| Yandex.Rabota * | Яндекс.Работа | Online job market |
| Yandex.Metrica | Яндекс.Метрика | Web analysis tool |
| Yandex.Slowari * | Яндекс.Словари | searches encyclopedias (such as Wikipedia , the Great Soviet Encyclopedia ), dictionaries, and others |
| Yandex.Auto * | Яндекс.Авто | Online marketplace for cars |
| Yandex.Nedvischimost * | Яндекс.Недвижимость | Real estate portal |
| Yandex.News * | Яндекс.Новости | automatically generated news page, similar to Google News |
| Yandex.Lenta | Яндекс.Лента | RSS - aggregator |
| Yandex.Raspisanija * | Яндекс.Расписания | Departure times of trains, buses and planes |
| Yandex.Webmaster | Яндекс.Вебмастер | Tools for webmasters |
| Yandex.Uslugi * | Яндекс.Услуги | Search for financial services |
| Yandex.Taxi * | Яндекс.Такси | Online taxi brokerage (since July 2017 cooperation with Uber ) |
* = not available in English
literature
Web links
- www.yandex.ru (Russian)
- www.yandex.com (English)
- Where Google Is not Goliath (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Archived copy ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Der Spiegel: Russian portal Yandex . The mirror. October 3, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ↑ Market shares of the most used search engines on the desktop according to page views worldwide in selected months from January 2015 to March 2018 , statista .com, accessed on March 29, 2018
- ↑ Courier, May 20, 2010 . Archived from the original on May 31, 2010. Retrieved on May 24, 2010: "Benjamin Sterbenz: New search engine from Russia"
- ^ Yandex NV Class A Ordinary Shares. In: www.nasdaq.com. Retrieved January 4, 2020 .
- ↑ Yandex: История Яндекса . Yandex. 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ Yandex: Not Copying But Searching For Google's Underbelly. April 5, 2011, accessed July 24, 2019 .
- ↑ ZDnet: Google challengers in comparison . ZDnet. May 25, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ↑ news.ch: Largest IPO by Russian search engine . news.ch. May 24, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
- ↑ heise.de: Russian Internet service provider transfers confidential customer data to the secret service . heise.de. May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ↑ Not So Fast Google - Rambler And Yandex Sign Ad Network Deal To Freeze Out Russian Competitors
- ^ Yandex (2011) Yandex Launches in Turkey
- ↑ Yandex overtakes Bing , heise.de, accessed on February 9, 2013
- ↑ Alex Hofmann: Yandex is coming to Berlin - with up to 130 people. In: gruenderszene.de. February 6, 2014, accessed February 8, 2014 .
- ↑ heise online: Yandex.Kit: Details on the Russian Android variant. Retrieved July 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Bank of Russia to mark microfinance organizations on the Internet | Банк России. Retrieved August 2, 2017 .
- ↑ Alexey Navalny: “Yandex” is a national treasure that the state is trying to devour , rtvi, October 23, 2018
- ↑ Christian Meier: Little giant. About the history of Yandex. In: Die Zeit , January 19, 2012, p. 24.
- ↑ "Сайты Рунета" website statistics (report: links from search systems from August 3rd to 9th). In: www.liveinternet.ru. Retrieved August 9, 2015 .
- ^ All-Round Web Analytics. Retrieved April 3, 2018 .
- ^ "Session Replay for Free" with Yandex Metrica. Retrieved April 3, 2018 .