sailor

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Naval Memorial in Bangladesh

Seaman , plural seafarers , denotes people working on board a ship. According to the relevant international Maritime Labor Convention (MLC) , the minimum standards of which are also based on the German Maritime Labor Act for ships flying the German flag, the term seafarer is much broader than according to previous legal definitions. By 2013 came into force MLC, the term seaman now includes all persons performing "indeed any activity" on board, and it is unerherblich whether an effective of agreement is, therefore, a seafaring employment whether a particular qualification is present and how long or how often the people do their job. As a result, service personnel on cruise ships are also among the seafarers, for example.

Ranks and job titles

captain

The captain (also captain, master, senior, skipper ) on board a ship is a nautical engineer who (today) has acquired his nautical patent through school or technical college training , first for at least one year as a nautical officer on watch and then either a Year as first mate or two more years as officer in charge of the navigational watch. As the legal representative of the shipowner, he manages the entire ship operation and is responsible for it ( merchant shipping ). There are sometimes two captains on very large ships.

In the German Navy the term captain is handled differently, the meaning as in civil life does not exist in the Navy at all:

In the German Navy is the commander of the Gorch Fock in rank Captain . All other ships are led by frigate captains. Boats are usually subordinate to a lieutenant captain .

Mechanical engineer / chief engineer

The mechanical engineer / lead engineer ( LI , also Chief for English Chief Engineer ) is the second most important person in ship operation after the captain . As head of the machinery, he is responsible for all technical matters on board.

Officer in charge of the navigational watch

The officer in charge of the navigational watch (1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th) has acquired a patent to operate a seagoing ship. With his watch over the bridge he is responsible for the safety of the ship and the surrounding traffic ( vehicle driver ). Today training is based on the international STCW -95 standard for international shipping.

While the first officer is responsible for the cargo and crew, the second officer is usually responsible for navigation and the third officer for safety equipment , fire fighting and rescue.

Machine personnel

  • Electrician or electrical engineering officer (very rare in Germany)
  • Machinist, technical officer: reports directly to the chief engineer
  • Ship mechanic : fully trained seaman and greaser can be used both in deck and in engine operation
  • Learned: Oiler (German: Schmierer, Öler), assistant for maintenance work, inspection and maintenance work, lubricating power
  • Unskilled: Wiper (German: Wischer): cleaning staff and helpers for maintenance, inspection and repair work
  • Ship heater and coal trimmer (earlier)

Deck crew

  • Boatswain : He reports directly to the first officer and coordinates the work on deck and in the hold. As a rule, this position is occupied by foreign seafarers, even on ships flying the German flag. Boatswain is not an independent training occupation, but rather a promotion from a sailor.
  • Ship mechanic : fully trained seaman and greaser can be used both in deck and in engine operation
  • Sailor ( sailor / OA, able seaman, ordinary seaman )
  • Cabin boy ( Moses , today: trainee ): trainee or intern
  • Deckhand is the function or job title for a seaman without training.

sailor

The sailor was a skilled worker in the merchant navy until 1983. A seaman after completing his three-year apprenticeship and exam at a German seaman's school was referred to as a seaman with a letter , the official name was: seaman in shipping and the examination included qualification as a lifeboat and fire protection officer. The apprenticeship began as a cabin boy (called Moses, as Moses was dumped in a rush basket as a child), usually after a year you were a young man , after another year an ordinary seaman . The sailor got out with extensive experience at sea was colloquially known as Able Seaman called.

Training as a sailor was discontinued in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1983 and replaced by training as a ship mechanic . After reunification, the training to become a sailor in the GDR was part of the training in West Germany.

  • Sailor's letter issued in Hamburg in 1959

  • Sailor letter

  • Sailor's letter inside

  • Sailor's letter entry in the nautical log

  • Sailor examination certificate from February 9, 1959

In the German Navy , a sailor is the lowest rank of the crew (Abbreviation Matr ). Because of the different areas of activity in the Navy, a seaman does not necessarily need to have nautical training or employment. The typical uniform consists of a. of a white plate cap , a white sailor shirt with blue and black Exerzierkragen node cloth with white bow and a blue pants. The colloquial expressions “ stoker ” or “black gang” were also common for seafarers in machine operation.

The appropriate term for a fully qualified seaman in English is "able (bodied) seaman" (AB or A / B). In the Royal Navy there is the Able Seaman rank with NATO rank code OR-2.

More sailors

See also

literature

  • Christian Bubenzer, Jörg Noltin, Robert Peetz, Esther Mallach: Maritime Labor Act. Comment. CH Beck, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-406-66876-0 .
  • Klaus Bösche, Karl H Hochhaus, Herwig Pollem, Jürgen Taggesell u. a. (Ed.): Steamers, diesels and turbines - the world of marine engineers. Convent Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-934613-85-3 .
  • Timo Heimerdinger: The seaman. A profession and its cultural staging (1844–2003). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-21205-9 .
  • Heide Gerstenberger , Ulrich Welke: work at sea. On the economics and ethnology of globalization. Westphalian steam boat, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-89691-575-4 .
  • Jürgen Rath: Rusks, salted meat and bunk - sailor life on board. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-7822-0892-7 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Seemann  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Fahrensmann  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ duden.de
  2. ↑ Maritime Labor Act. Comment. § 3 . 2015, ISBN 978-3-406-66876-0 .
  3. ↑ The English abbreviation “OR” stands for “other ranks”, NATO glossary abbreviations used in NATO documents and publications. (PDF) (No longer available online.) 2010, p. 237 , archived from the original on May 8, 2010 ; accessed on February 10, 2017 .