Ranks of the Bundeswehr

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The ranks of the Bundeswehr serve to classify the soldiers in the hierarchy of the Bundeswehr . Rank badges are used to identify the rank.

24 ranks and 85 rank designations are defined for the Bundeswehr in 2019 . These are set by the Federal President with the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers on the basis of the Soldiers Act . In contrast to the official title , female soldiers also use the (grammatical) male form of the rank (salutation e.g. Ms. Hauptgefreiter , Ms. Captain ).

Function of ranks

The Hague Regulations and the Geneva Conventions see for combatants ranks before. Ranks place the soldiers in the hierarchy of the Bundeswehr.

The salary for professional and temporary soldiers according to the federal pay regulations is largely linked to the rank. Soldiers are usually addressed and greeted with their rank .

In contrast to the former military law , which linked the superior quality to the rank of service (see ranks of the Wehrmacht ), the superior quality in the Bundeswehr is primarily based on the service position of the soldier. A superior relationship based solely on the rank can still be justified on the basis of Section 4 ("Superior relationship based on the rank") of the Superiors Ordinance. In simplified terms, Section 4 names the following cases for a superior relationship based on the rank:

  • Any soldier may issue orders to soldiers of a lower rank at any time within enclosed military facilities .
  • Outside of enclosed military installations, any soldier may issue orders to another of a lower rank if both belong to the same unit , are on duty and are not both officers.

However, since certain positions are often linked to certain ranks, superiors are usually higher-ranking soldiers in everyday work. Therefore, in practice, the service positions and the superior relationship based on them of a group of soldiers can often be derived from the ranks.

structure

The ranks of the Bundeswehr are divided into seven grade groups in accordance with Central Service Regulation A-1420/24 "Ranks and Rank Groups" :

Naval uniform bearers of the rank group of the generals are also summarized as admirals or flag officers . NCOs with portepee are usually referred to as sergeants or sergeant ranks or boatmen .

The soldiers of the rank groups generals, staff officers, captains, lieutenants are grouped together as officers in accordance with the superiors ordinance and the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . In the order of the Federal President on the rank designations, the soldiers of the two rank groups NCOs with and without porters are also summarized as NCOs . Officers form the officer corps , NCOs form the NCO corps . The company sergeant is the leader of the corps .

Note: The assignment of the individual ranks to the rank groups can be found in the table below .

Careers

The Soldier Career Ordinance (SLV) defines career groups and assigned careers . ZDv 20/7 makes additional provisions. Soldiers usually go through the ranks set for their career one after the other. The Soldiers' Career Ordinance differentiates between 32 career paths. The sequence of ranks for army and air force uniforms in the most common careers is usually:

List of ranks and rank names

The rank designations of the teams from private are identical in all areas of the Bundeswehr. In the army - and Air Force uniform makers find themselves otherwise the same rank designations. Navy uniform bearers (officers, with the exception of some medical officers, and NCOs) have different rank designations. In the following, therefore, the ranks and rank designations for air force and army uniform wearers are described together, then those of naval uniform wearers.

A special feature are the rank designations of the medical officers , which usually differ between air force and army uniforms on the one hand and naval uniforms on the other hand, as well as between the different directions of licensing . A representation of these rank designations immediately follows the representation of the rank designations of the other officers.

The tables also include the corresponding NATO rank code , the  general abbreviations defined in accordance with ZDv 64/10 - Abbreviations in the Bundeswehr, as well as the abbreviations in lists and the salary group for professional and temporary soldiers according to the federal pay regulations .

Army and air force uniforms

Officers
Officers (except medical officers)
Rank group Generals Staff officers Captains Lieutenant
Shoulder
flap jacket service suit
Rank badge of a general on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a Lieutenant General on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a major general on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a brigadier general on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a Colonel i. G. on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a Lieutenant Colonel of the Army Air Defense Force on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a major in the telecommunications force on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Badge of rank of a staff captain of the artillery troops on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a captain of the Army Reconnaissance Force on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a first lieutenant on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a lieutenant of the paratrooper troops on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank general Lieutenant General Major general Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant colonel major Staff Captain * Captain First lieutenant lieutenant
abbreviation Gene/- GenLt / GL GenMaj / GM BrigGen / BG Colonel / O Colonel / OTL Maj / M StHptm / SH Hptm / H OLt / OL Lt / L
NATO rank code OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1
Grade B 10 or B 10Z B 9 B 7 B 6 A 16, B 2 or B 3 A 14 or A 15 A 13 A 11 or A 12 A 10 A 9
* The rank of staff captain is reserved for officers in the military technical service and is also the final rank of this career. Officers of other careers cannot be promoted to this rank.
Medical officers
Rank group Generals Staff officers Captains
Shoulder
flap jacket service suit **
Rank badge of a general officer (license for human medicine) on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a general staff doctor (license to practice medicine) on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a general practitioner (license to practice medicine) on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior physician i. G. (medical license for human medicine) on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior field doctor (license for human medicine) of the Army Aviation Troops on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior medical officer (license to practice medicine) of the medical service on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a medical officer (approbation for human medicine) of the medical service on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank Generaloberstabsarzt H Z Surgeon General H Z General doctor H Z
General pharmacist P 		Senior Physician H Z
Senior Pharmacist P
Senior Veterinarian T 		Oberfeldarzt H Z
Obernfeld pharmacist P
Obernfeld veterinary T 		Oberstabsarzt H Z
Oberstabsarzt pharmacist P
Oberstabsarzt veterinary T 		Medical officer H Z
Medical officer P
Medical officer T
abbreviation Medical doctor / GOSA GenStArzt / GSA GenArzt / GA
GenAp / GAP 		OberstArzt / OTA
OberstAp / OTAP
OberstVet / OTV 		OFArzt / OFA
OFAp / OFAP
OFVet / OFV 		OStArzt / OSA
OStAp / OSAP
OStVet / OSV 		StArzt / SA
StAp / SAP
StVet / SV
NATO rank code OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2
Grade B 9 B 7 B 6 A 16, B 2 or B 3 A 15 * A 14 * A 13 *
H Name for licensed human medicine
Z Name for licensed dentist
P Name for licensed pharmacist (i.e. pharmacist ). Note: General pharmacist is the highest grade
T for pharmacists, designation for licensed veterinarians (i.e. veterinary). Note: Senior Veterinarian is the highest rank for veterinarians. Only army uniforms are used as veterinarians.
* Compared to other officers of the same rank, these medical officers are assigned one grade higher.
** The rank badge for human medicine is always shown.
NCOs
NCOs
Rank group NCOs with portepee NCOs without portepee
Shoulder
flap jacket service suit
Rank badge of a sergeant major of the Army Reconnaissance Force on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a sergeant of the telecommunications force on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior ensign of the Army Aviation Troops on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a sergeant major on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a sergeant major of the Army Air Defense Force on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge and pull-over loop of an ensign of the pioneer troop on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a sergeant of the artillery troops on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a staff sergeant of the armored forces on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge and pull-over loop of a flag junker on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a non-commissioned officer of the Panzergrenadierruppe on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank Sergeant Major Staff Sergeant Midshipman * Sergeant Major Sergeant Major Ensign * sergeant Staff Sergeant Flagjunker * Sergeant
abbreviation OStFw / OSF StFw / SF OFähnr / OFR HptFw / HF OFw / OF Fähnr / FR Fw / F StUffz / SU Fhj / Fj Uffz / U
NATO rank code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5
Grade A 9Z A 9 A 8Z A 7Z A 7 A 6 or A 7 A 5
* The ranks of Fahnenjunker, Ensign and Oberfähnrich are only served by candidate officers .
Teams
Rank group Teams
Shoulder
flap jacket service suit
Rank badge of a staff corporal of the hunters' troops on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers (placeholder)
Rank badge of a corporal on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers (placeholder)
Rank badge of a corporal corporal of the telecommunications force on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal of the Army Air Defense Force on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal of the artillery troops on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal of the Jägerertruppe on the epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers
Epaulette of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers of a tank gunner of the tank troops
Rank Staff Corporal ** Corporal ** Corporal Corporal Corporal Corporal Corporal Private Soldier *
abbreviation -? - -? - OStGefr / OSG StGefr / SG HptGefr / HG OGefr / OG Frozen / G div * / S
NATO rank code -? - OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
Grade A 6Z A 6 A 5Z A 5 A 4Z A 4 A 3Z A 3
* Specifically, the name of the common soldier is aimed at army uniform carriers after the branch of service . In the case of air force uniform wearers, the designation is based on the troop unit. Possible names are: Grenadier  (Gren), Jäger  (Jg), Panzerschützen (PzSchtz), Panzergrenadier  (PzGren), Panzerjäger  (PzJg), Kanonier  (Kan), Panzerkanonier (PzKan), Pionier (Pi), Panzerpionier  (PzPi), radio operator  (Fu), tank operator (PzFu), rifleman  (Schtz), aviator  (Flg), medical  soldier (SanSdt). The list abbreviation is always "S".
** Introduction planned for October 1, 2021. Rank insignia, NATO rank code and abbreviations have yet to be determined.

Navy uniform wearer

Officers
Officers (except medical officers)
Rank group Generals Staff officers Captains Lieutenant
Sleeve badge
Badge of rank of an admiral (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a vice admiral (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a rear admiral (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a flotilla admiral (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a captain at sea (geomilitary service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a frigate captain (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corvette captain (troop service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a lieutenant commander (military technical service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a lieutenant commander (troop service or military technical service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a first lieutenant at sea (troop service or military service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a lieutenant at sea (military music service) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral Flotilla admiral Sea captain Frigate captain Corvette Captain Stabskapitänleutnant * Lieutenant captain First lieutenant at sea Lieutenant at sea
abbreviation Adm / - VAdm / VADM KAdm / KADM FltlAdm / FADM Kpt zS / KZS FKpt / FK KKpt / KK StKptLt / SKL KptLt / KL OLt zS / OLZS Lt zS / LZS
NATO rank code OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1
Grade B 10 or B 10Z B 9 B 7 B 6 A 16, B 2 or B 3 A 14 or A 15 A 13 A 11 or A 12 A 10 A 9
* The rank of staff captain lieutenant is reserved for officers of the military technical service . Officers of other careers cannot be promoted to this rank.
Medical officers
Rank group Generals Staff officers Captains
Sleeve badge **
Rank badge of an admiralty officer (license for human medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of an admiralty doctor (license for human medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of an admiralty doctor (license to practice medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a naval doctor (license to practice medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a flotilla doctor (license to practice medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior medical officer (license for human medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a medical officer (license for human medicine) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank Admiral Oberstabsarzt H Z Admiralty doctor H Z Admiral doctor H Z Fleet doctor H Z
Fleet pharmacist P 		Flotilla doctor H Z
Flotilla pharmacist P 		Oberstabsarzt H Z
Oberstabsarzt pharmacist P 		Medical officer H Z
Medical officer P
abbreviation AdmOStArzt / ADMOSA AdmStArzt / ADMSA Doctor / ADMA FlArzt / FLA
FlAp / FLAP 		FltlAp / FTLA
FltlAp / FTLAP 		OStArzt / OSA
OStAp / OSAP 		StArzt / SA
StAp / SAP
NATO rank code OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2
Grade B 9 B 7 B 6 A 16, B 2 or B 3 A 15 * A 14 * A 13 *
H Name for licensed human medicine
Z Name for licensed dentist
P Name for licensed pharmacist (i.e. pharmacist ). Note: Fleet pharmacist is the highest rank for pharmacists in naval uniforms.
* Compared to other officers of the same rank, these medical officers are assigned one grade higher.
** The rank badge for human medicine is always shown.
NCOs
NCOs
Rank group NCOs with portepee NCOs without portepee
Sleeve badge
Rank badge of a senior staff officer (30 series of uses) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a staff officer (40 series of uses) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior ensign at sea (not a medical officer candidate) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a chief boatman (50 series) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior boatman (70 series of uses) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank insignia of an ensign at sea (not a medical officer candidate) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a boatswain (60 series of uses) on the lower sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a senior mate (20 series of uses) on the upper sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a sea cadet (not a medical officer candidate) on the upper sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a mate (10 series of uses) on the upper sleeve of the jacket of the service suit for naval uniform wearers
Rank Chief of Staff Staff Captain Oberfähnrich zur See * Chief Boatswain Captain Ensign at sea * Boatswain Chief mate Midshipman * Mate
abbreviation OStBtsm / OSB StBtsm / SB OFähnr zS / OFRZS HptBtsm / HB OBtsm / OB Fähnr zS / FRZS Btsm / B OMaat / OMT SKad / SK Maat / MT
NATO rank code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5
Grade A 9Z A 9 A 8Z A 7Z A 7 A 6 or A 7 A 5
* The ranks of sea cadet, ensign in the sea and senior midshipman in the sea are only held by candidate officers .
Teams
Rank group Teams
Sleeve badge
Rank badge of a staff corporal (10 series of uses) on the upper sleeve of the white shirt for naval uniform wearers (placeholder)
Rank badge of a corporal (10 series of uses) on the upper sleeve of the dark blue shirt for navy uniform wearers (placeholder)
Rank insignia of an Oberstabsgefreiten (50 series of use) on the upper sleeve of the white shirt for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal SanOA (career badge dentistry) on the upper sleeve of the dark blue shirt for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a major corporal (30-er series of use) on the upper sleeve of the white shirt for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a corporal (60-er series of use) on the upper sleeve of the dark blue shirt for naval uniform wearers
Rank badge of a private (10-er series of uses) on the upper sleeve of the white shirt for naval uniform wearers
Upper sleeve of the dark blue shirt for a sailor wearing a naval uniform (20 series of uses)
Rank Staff Corporal * Corporal * Corporal Corporal Corporal Corporal Corporal Private sailor
abbreviation -? - -? - OStGefr / OSG StGefr / SG HptGefr / HG OGefr / OG Frozen / G Matr / S
NATO rank code -? - OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
Grade A 6Z A 6 A 5Z A 5 A 4Z A 4 A 3Z A 3
* Introduction planned for October 1, 2021. Rank insignia, NATO rank code and abbreviations have yet to be determined.

Rank supplements

Rank supplements for candidates

According to the Soldiers' Career Ordinance (see also ZDv 14/5) and similarly according to ZDv 20/7, applicants in correspondence have the following brackets after their rank:

In naval uniforms, the terms (reserve) mate and bosun candidate , often abbreviated as (MA) or (BA) , are used for junior officers and sergeants.

Since the ranks of ensign, midshipman, ensign (at sea) and senior ensign (at sea) can already be clearly assigned to the officer's career, the additional rank (OA) and the associated long forms are not used according to the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.

Medical officer candidates of all ranks carry the rank supplement (SanOA) up to promotion to the medical officer, veterinary or medical officer, which requires the appropriate license to practice medicine and, for medical staff, the state examination as a food chemist . Until the abolition of the doctor in the internship , there was the addition AiP instead of (SanOA) for the medical officer candidates in the last year before the license to practice medicine, ie "Leutnant (zur See) AiP".

Military music officer candidates of all ranks carry the rank supplement (MilMusikOA) up to the promotion to captain or captain lieutenant, which requires the Kapellmeister exam.

Unofficially, non-commissioned officer candidates who have passed the non-commissioned officer course carry out the grade supplement with passed course (mbL) .

Rank supplements for reservists and former soldiers

According to the Reservist Act , reservists and former soldiers may after retiring from active employment their last rank with the addition of d. R. ( the reserve ) lead. Former professional soldiers have the right to use their last rank with the addition out of service (a. D.) . If a professional soldier is awarded a higher rank after retiring from active service, the designations can be combined (e.g. HptFw a. D. and StFw d. R. ).

Until June 30, 2011, according to the Soldier Career Ordinance, a combination of the additions a. D. and d. Usually possible without having to be awarded a higher rank after retiring from active service (e.g. HptFw a. D. d. R. ); Since July 1, 2011, such a combination is no longer permitted without a higher reservist service level.

When reassigned to military service (e.g. for reservist service ), the rank supplement is not borne for the duration of the military service and, if applicable, only the higher rank is listed.

Rank supplements for officers in the general staff service

An officer in the General Staff Service wears the rank suffix i to mark his special position in correspondence . G.

Informal grade additions for female soldiers

The order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers does not provide for a different designation for female soldiers. Often, however, the addition (w) (w for feminine ) is used informally in correspondence to identify the rank after the rank.

Salutation

Soldiers are formally addressed and greeted with their rank .

Salutation of the Army and Air Force uniform wearers

Soldiers in the rank group of the generals (except medical officers and naval uniforms) must always be addressed as "Mr. General" in accordance with central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3 "Military forms and celebrations of the Bundeswehr" (formerly ZDv 10/8). According to the central guideline, doctors in army or air force uniforms of the rank group of the generals should be addressed as "Herr Generalarzt". In practice, the salutation of the respective medical officer with a license to practice pharmacy is usually "Mr. General Pharmacist".

Salutation of the naval uniform wearer

Analogous to army uniform wearers, all naval uniform wearers (except medical officers) from the rank group of the generals according to the central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3 are addressed as "Mr. Admiral", corresponding medical officers specializing in dentistry and human medicine according to the central guideline as "Mr. Admiral doctor". For naval uniform wearers of the rank group of staff officers , the official salutation according to the central guideline is "Mr. Captain"; In practice, medical officers in the rank group of staff officers wearing navy uniforms are still addressed with their actual rank instead of “Mr. Captain”. The central guideline also explicitly refers to the "Herr Kaleu" used in the vernacular of the Navy as a short form for "Herr Kapitänleutnant ".

In the Navy, it is also traditionally customary to pronounce “captain” like “captain” when addressing informally orally. The addition “zur See” (lieutenant to the sea, etc.) is generally left out in the (oral-informal) address. In the naval armed forces, it is common for higher-ranking soldiers, especially superiors , to address lower- ranking soldiers, as in civil parlance and similar to in Anglophone navies, with their surname and prefixed "Herr" .

Addressing female soldiers

The rank designations shown above also apply to female soldiers. The declination according to gender is omitted. Correct salutations are, for example: "Frau Panzergrenadier", "Frau Hauptmann", "Frau Stabsgefreiter" and "Frau Oberstabsarzt". Outside of the formal context, some rank designations within the Bundeswehr - where it makes sense according to the civil understanding of the language - are sometimes converted into the female form if one wants to emphasize the gender.

history

Newly created ranks

In the order of the Federal President on the rank designations, the appointment and dismissal, the uniform of the volunteer soldiers of 23 July 1955, known today ranks with the exception of the ranks were General , Admiral , Staff Captain , stabskapitänleutnant , Sergeant , hauptbootsmann , midshipman , Midshipman , ensign , ensign , cadet , midshipman , upper Corporal , Corporal created and all current grades for medical officers. With the second copy of that arrangement for February 1, 1956 the following ranks were created: Surgeon General , Admiral doctor , Colonel doctor , navy doctor , Oberfeldarzt , flotilla surgeon , Surgeon , Navy Medical Corps , Surgeon , Navy medical officer , ensign, ensign, cadet and midshipman. By the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers of May 7, 1956, the ranks general and admiral were newly introduced as the highest rank. In the second order of the Federal President on the uniform of the soldiers of July 26, 1957, the ranks of Sergeant Major and Captain of Boatswain were named for the first time. The ranks generaloberstabsarzt , Admiral Oberstabsarzt , Surgeon General , admiralty doctor , general pharmacist , Colonel pharmacist , Colonel veterinary , fleet pharmacist , Obernfeld pharmacist , the upper field of veterinary , Flottillenapotheker , Oberstabsarzt pharmacist , Oberstabsarzt veterinary , rod pharmacist , rod veterinary , Oberfähnrich and Midshipman were with the sixth arrangement of the President on the grade designations and the Uniform of soldiers introduced into the Bundeswehr on May 5, 1966. In a further change to this arrangement, the rank of corporal was newly introduced on December 12, 1989. On March 23, 1993, the ranks of staff captain and staff captain lieutenant were newly created by a further change. On February 7, 1996, the last rank of corporal was created.

Planned ranks

As of October 1, 2021, the Bundeswehr will introduce the two new ranks of corporal and staff corporal as the highest ranks of the teams . It will initially be a pilot project.

Discontinued ranks

The ranks of naval chief medical officer and naval medical officer ceased to exist with the sixth order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers of May 5, 1966. The marine medical officers who had previously held these ranks now had ranks identical to those of the medical officers from the army and air force.

Ranks without new promotions

For the time being, no soldiers will be appointed to the rank of Panzerjäger because the corresponding troop type has ceased to exist . Since the budget and the establishment plan do not provide for a budget or position for general pharmacists until further notice , new promotions to general pharmacist are not planned. The last general pharmacist on active duty was the stage manager Wehrpharmazie Wolfgang Ackermann. Bearers of these ranks can also be found in the reserve .

Oberjäger and Stabsoberjäger

The rank designations Oberjäger and Stabsoberjäger for the ranks of sergeants and staff sergeants were partly used until the early 1960s based on the ranks of the Wehrmacht in the hunter and paratrooper troops . However, there was no legal basis for this informal and widespread practice in the form of a corresponding order from the Federal President .

Major General and Lieutenant General

The major general (two stars) is lower in rank than the lieutenant general (three stars) because the - lieutenant is always the "deputy" (see below) of the highest rank , the general (four stars), even though the major is in rank above the lieutenant stands - has developed historically:

  1. In the 15th century, the largest form of organization of a military force was the company . A company was led by a (field) captain or a captain . His deputy was the lieutenant (French: lieu (-) tenant , i.e. placeholder , deputy ), the second deputy was the ensign or cornet . The sergeant or sergeant was responsible for the internal service, the training of recruits and the distribution of the watch, and in English-speaking armies a sergeant . These four soldiers formed the command of the company, the so-called Prima Plana .
  2. As the troop strengths increased over time, several companies were combined into regiments. The regiment was led by a colonel (field captain) , today's colonel . His deputy was the lieutenant colonel , now called lieutenant colonel . Responsible for organization, training and service division was the Colonel (field) wachtmeister , later colonel sergeant , in English-speaking armies Sergeant Major resulting in the later, Major developed.
  3. At the end of the 16th century, several regiments were combined to form the army unit. The army was led by a general (field captain) , his deputy was the lieutenant general . General field sergeants were appointed for the individual branches of the army or to lead parts of the army . Analogous to the change from the Oberstwachtmeister to Major , this rank then developed to Major General .

In modern armed forces, the term "Wachtmeister" was consistently replaced by "Major" at the higher levels. The duties of the "lowest-ranking sergeant", who ranked behind the captain and the lieutenant in the management of companies, were taken over by non-commissioned officers, usually with the rank of sergeant.

Transport times for conscripts

A basic compulsory military service (GWDL) was since the beginning of the Bundeswehr usually with completion of basic and special basic training for six months to corporal appointed , after another year he was promoted to corporal, conscripts with an above average evaluation were as Corporal d.Res. dismiss. When the military service time was shortened to fifteen months, the minimum time as a corporal was reduced accordingly. At the end of the 1980s only six months in the rank of private were required.

Most recently, the person doing basic military service could be appointed private during the six-month basic military service under normal conditions of carriage during his service, usually after three months. In the case of voluntary long-term military service (FWDL) and regular soldiers, an appointment as corporal after 6 months and as a corporal only after 12 months, appointment as corporal after 36 months at the earliest, and as corporal at the earliest after 48 months of service. The latter ranks are therefore not achieved by either GWDL or FWDL.

Rank badge

Rank badges are used to represent ranks and are part of the uniforms of the Bundeswehr . Often additional elements mark the soldier's affiliation to a career, line of use, type of service or the like. Only soldiers in the lowest rank do not wear rank badges. The decisive legal basis for the way of wearing and the design is the order of the Federal President about the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . The ZDv  37/10 contained more specific wearing regulations and design variants, and was transferred to the currently valid version 2 of the central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-5. 

Trivia

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the sense of ranks with sometimes different rank designations for soldiers of the same rank.
  2. ↑ A well-known exception in formal communication is the addressing of almost all general ranks with "Mr. / Ms. General" or "Mr. / Ms. Admiral" instead of their actual rank. See the subsection "Salutation" .
  3. ↑ The central service regulation A-1420/24 "Ranks and rank groups" replaces the sections B 185 of the central service regulation 14/5 "Soldiers Act", where the rank groups were previously defined. The text from B 185 ZDv 14/5 was adopted unchanged in ZDv A-1420/24. See The Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).
  4. ↑ a b c d Note: The Bundeswehr describes all soldiers who wear the uniform of the respective armed forces as army or air force or naval uniform wearers. The term also includes soldiers outside the three armed forces, for example in the armed forces base , cf. Training as reserve officer candidate in military service. Federal Office for Personnel Management of the Bundeswehr (BAPersBw) - The President., March 13, 2014, accessed on March 26, 2014 .
  5. ↑ The terms Sergeant, Sergeant Ranks and Boatmen are mostly used in the sense that they also include ensigns ( at sea ) and Oberfähnrich ( at sea ), although their rank designation does not follow the naming system on which the designation Sergeants (ranks) and boatmen are based lies.
  6. ↑ The division of careers and the sequence of ranks in the individual careers applies accordingly to naval uniforms. Only the names of most ranks are different, cf. below .
  7. ↑ Listed here are the most common careers for soldiers in active service. In addition to the careers shown here, there are, for example, special careers for reservists or for specialist services such as military music service . A setting of higher rank , skipping ranks with special suitability and move to other tracks is possible under the conditions shown in the ZDV 20/7 conditions.
  8. ↑ a b c The ranks Obergefreiter , Hauptgefreiter and Stabsgefreiter do not have to be passed. With the appropriate qualifications, soldiers in the team career can be promoted directly to a higher rank and skip one or more of the ranks of senior, senior and corporal. In the career groups of NCOs and officers, the appointment as corporal is provided, but the ranks of corporal, corporal and corporal corporal are generally not passed, cf. below.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Neither the military career ordinance nor the ZDv 20/7 apply to the order of the ranks for generals and the requirements for an appointment to one of the ranks of brigadier general , major general , lieutenant general and general (and the corresponding naval and medical ranks) special provisions. In practice, however, the ranks are run through one after the other in the order of the Federal President using the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers, as described and shown here. But there are also examples of soldiers who, after only a short period of service , are promoted to the rank of colonel or the three lowest general ranks and sometimes skip ranks. A rare example is Ulrich Weisser , who was initially appointed flotilla admiral in 1992 and was appointed vice admiral that same year . Weisser skipped the rank of rear admiral , cf. Hans Ehlert : A life for the Bundeswehr. Mine sweeper, super brain, gray eminence. In: FAZ.NET . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH, Werner D'Inka , Berthold Kohler , Günther Nonnenmacher , Holger Steltzner , May 6, 2011, accessed on August 15, 2014 (first edition in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of April 27, 2011. No. 97 / page 8) .
  10. ↑ The rank of first lieutenant does not have to be passed in the career of medical officers according to No. 624 ZDv 20/7 and is usually skipped by medical officer candidates .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g Listed are the rank designations for physicians and dentists . Veterinarians and pharmacists use different rank designations (see below ).
  12. ↑ a b c d Top service level depends on the licensing direction. For veterinarians, the highest rank envisaged in the medical career is senior veterinarian ; for pharmacists, general pharmacist is the highest stipulated rank.
  13. ↑ There is no admiral pharmacist, although there is the rank of general pharmacist.
  14. ↑ The terms Maatanwärter, Reservemaat candidate, Boatswain Candidate and Reserve Boatswain Candidate are not explicitly mentioned in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance (SLV), but are based on Section 1 Clause 2 SLV, according to which, for the Navy, corresponding additions to the rank additions for Army and air force uniforms are included.
  15. ↑ The last rank as a professional soldier (here: HptFw ) may according to Section 44 (7) of the Soldiers Act with the designation a. D. be continued, the reservist degree awarded afterwards (here: StFw ) according to Section 2 (1) of the Reservists Act (ResG) with the addition d. R .; Section 2, Paragraph 1, No. 2 ResG does not contradict this, as the former professional soldier is not required to lead the higher reservist rank (here: StFw ) with the addition a. D. is entitled.
  16. ↑ Often e.g. B. to be observed with the labeling of the rooms in the troop accommodation in order to be able to respect the privacy there appropriately.
  17. ↑ Formal and informal exceptions to this rule are discussed in the following subsections.
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j if necessary instead woman, cf. below
  19. ↑ The central guideline does not provide any meaningful form of address for medical officers with a license to practice pharmacy . According to the central guideline, only "Mr / Ms General Doctor" or "Mr / Ms General" are possible. However, since pharmacists are not doctors , but have a different rank system that is recognizable from the non-medical officers, both forms do not seem sensible. In the sense of the more specific decree of the Federal Minister of Defense of August 4, 1970 ( telex ) in this regard , the address “Mr. General Pharmacist” explicitly stated there is closer, cf. Federal Ministry of Defense (Ed.): Decree . (Telex). Bonn , August 4, 1970 ( partial quotation [accessed on February 18, 2015]). “In relation to the members of the rank group of generals and admirals , the salutation is“ Herr General ”(in the medical service “ Herr Generalarzt ”or“ Herr Generalapotheker ”) or“ Herr Admiral ”(in the medical service“ Herr Admiralarzt ”). The salutation to the staff officers of the Navy is 'Mr. Captain' ”. In practice, medical officers of the generals rank group are addressed as "Mr. / Mrs. General Pharmacist", cf. for example Kai Schmidt, Heike Lange: Well positioned and recognized . Interview with the stage manager of the military pharmacy of the Bundeswehr, general pharmacist Wolfgang Ackermann. In: Military medicine and military pharmacy . tape 2013 , no. 2 . Beta Verlag & Marketinggesellschaft mbH, Bonn 2013 ( online [accessed November 25, 2014]).
  20. ↑ Therefore, (but contrary to the wording of the central directive) in practice the stabskapitänleutnant often referred to as "Stabskaleu".
  21. ↑ a b c Informal. Formally illegal, as contrary to the central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3.
  22. ↑ E.g. "Herr Müller" instead of "Herr Korvettenkapitän " or "Herr Kap'tän"
  23. ↑ For example, the word creations Feldwebelin, Hauptfrau, Maatin, Oberfähnrichin, Leutnantin etc. do not make sense.
  24. ↑ Fictional example for illustration: “ The equal opportunities officer in the Federal Ministry of Defense announced that the proportion of women in the ranks of private and senior medical officers is particularly encouraging: there is now one private for every third private and the number of senior medical officers clearly exceeds the number of senior medical officers. "

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Federal President (ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).
  2. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Law on the legal status of soldiers (Soldiers Act - SG) . Bonn March 19, 1956, § 4 Paragraph 3 (2) - ( PDF [accessed on March 25, 2014] Revised by notice of May 30, 2005 I 1482. Last amended by Art. 1 G of April 8 2013 I 730).
  3. ↑ cf. in addition: The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation (Ed.): Agreement on the Laws and Customs of Land War . Concluded in The Hague on 18 October 1907. From the Federal Assembly approved on April 4, 1910. Swiss ratification surkunde deposited on 12 May 1910. Entered into force for Switzerland on 11 July 1910. No. 0.515.112 . The Hague October 18, 1907 ( PDF [accessed on March 26, 2014] Swiss French: Convention concernant les lois et coutumes de la guerre sur terre . The German Reich was a signatory state in The Hague ; the agreement entered into force on January 26th In force in 1910).
  4. ↑ cf. in addition: The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation (Ed.): Geneva Agreement on the Treatment of Prisoners of War . Completed in Geneva on August 12, 1949. Approved by the Federal Assembly on March 17, 1950. Swiss instrument of ratification deposited on March 31, 1950. Came into force for Switzerland on October 21, 1950. No. 0.518.42 . Geneva August 12, 1949 ( PDF [accessed on March 26, 2014] Swiss French: Convention de Genève relative au traitement des prisonniers de guerre . The Federal Republic of Germany became a party to the agreement on September 3, 1954).
  5. ^ A b c Sascha Lawrenz, Stephan Nakszynski: ranks in the Bundeswehr. Federal Ministry of Defense , Head of the Press and Information Staff , December 3, 2013, accessed on March 16, 2014 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal salary regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 10/8 Military Forms and Celebrations of the Bundeswehr . Cape. 6 Greeting and salutation.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h cf. also The Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): ZDv 10/4 greeting and address . (The former ZDv 10/4 "Greetings and Salutation" is no longer in force. The content of the former ZDv 10/4 can be found today in Chapter 6 of ZDv 10/8 "Military Forms and Celebrations of the Bundeswehr". The later adopted "new “ZDv 10/4 (ZDv 10/4“ Life Science Lessons - Living Responsibly - Taking Responsibility for Others ”) does not contain a passage on salutation and greeting.).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i cf. also Werner Besch : Duzen , Siezen , titulating . To address in German today and yesterday (=  Kleine Reihe V&R 4009 ). 2nd Edition. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht , Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-525-34009-5 , p. 58 ff . ( Limited preview in the Google book search [accessed on November 25, 2014] Note in particular the quotation from No. 262 from ZDv 10/8).
  10. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, amendment status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, The Superiors Ordinance, p. A 12 1 (Not to be confused with the Ordinance on the Regulation of Military Superiors (Superiors Ordinance - VorgV) ).
  11. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 4 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Federal Ministry of Defense , BMVg P II 5 (Ed.): A-1420/24. Central service regulation. Ranks and rank groups . January 19, 2006 ( PDF [accessed February 10, 2016]).
  13. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 4 (1) - ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
  14. ↑ a b cf. Art. 1, The Federal President (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).
  15. ^ Karl Helmut Schnell: Pocket book for military training . Ed .: Jürgen Hugo. 29th edition. Band Luftwaffe. Walhalla u. Praetoria Verlag , Regensburg 1980, section F 3, no. 303
  16. ↑ a b c d e f Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Par. 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  17. ↑ a b Annex (to § 3). Allocation of the career paths of the soldiers to the career groups of the men and women, the NCOs and the officers
  18. ↑ a b c d e f The Federal Minister of Defense ; Personnel, Social and Central Affairs Department (Ed.): ZDv 20/7. Provisions for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers . Bonn March 27, 2002, Art. 635 ( PDF ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 26, 2014] DSK AP210100187, reprint January 2008). [[Central Service Regulations | ZDv]] 20/7. Regulations for the transport and for the recruitment, takeover and admission of soldiers ( memento of the original from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.reservisten.bundeswehr.de
  19. ↑ on the basis of Section 44 of the Soldiers ' Careers Ordinance ( Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, Section 44 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I. 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Para. 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  20. ↑ Section 9 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 9 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 5 of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  21. ↑ § 12 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 12 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 5 of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  22. ↑ § 16 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 16 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 5 of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  23. ↑ § 24 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 24 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2, Paragraph 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  24. ↑ § 41 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 41 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 5 of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  25. ↑ Section 31 of the Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, § 31 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 5 of April 8, 2013 I 730).
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 ( NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014] English).
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Federal Minister of Defense ; Command Staff of the Armed Forces IV 1 (Ed.): Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr - German Abbreviations - ZDv 64/10 . Bonn January 19, 1979 ( PDF - as of September 17, 1999).
  28. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Hartmut Bagger , Command Staff of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense (ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. Bonn July 16, 2008, 4 labels, p. 539 ( digital version (PDF; 3.5 MiB) - reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996). Digitized version ( memento of the original from September 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dmb-lv-westfalen.de
  29. ↑ a b c Jennifer Fiebig-Schulze: Prelude for the coporals. In: https://www.bundeswehr.de/ . Bundeswehr, Head of the Press and Information Office , August 3, 2020, accessed on August 6, 2020 .
  30. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, amendment status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . Status: May 8, 2007, p. C 201 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).
  31. ↑ Cf. § 11 Paragraph 3 , § 14 Paragraph 2 of the Soldier Career Ordinance.
  32. ↑ See Section 22, Paragraph 2, Clause 2, Hs. 1 of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  33. ↑ See Section 15 (3) , Section 19 (2) and Section 20 (2) of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  34. ↑ See Section 22, Paragraph 2, Clause 2, Hs. 2 of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  35. ↑ See Section 23 (3) , Section 29 (2) , and Section 40 (3) of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  36. ↑ See Section 43, Paragraph 2, Clause 2 of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance .
  37. ↑ See Section 30 (3) of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance .
  38. ↑ See Section 34 (2) of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance .
  39. ↑ cf. For example, Head of the Press and Information Staff: Navy ranks. Federal Ministry of Defense , Press and Information Staff of the Federal Ministry of Defense , accessed on March 25, 2014 (see subpages).
  40. ^ Press and Information Center Armed Forces Base : Abbreviations for ranks. Federal Ministry of Defense , head of the press and information staff , November 25, 2013, accessed on March 26, 2014 .
  41. ↑ See § 23 Paragraph 3 , § 29 Paragraph 2 and § 40 Paragraph 3 (also in conjunction with § 1 Clause 2 ) of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  42. ↑ See Section 30 Paragraph 3 in conjunction with V. m. Section 31 Paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance.
  43. ↑ See § 34 Paragraph 2 in conjunction with V. m. Section 35 Paragraphs 3 and 4 (as well as Section 1 Clause 2 ) of the Soldier Career Ordinance
  44. ↑ See Section 2 (1) of the Reservists Act .
  45. ↑ Section 44 (7) of the Soldiers Act .
  46. ↑ See Section 7 of the Soldiers' Careers Ordinance in the version valid until June 30, 2011 (available at buzer.de ; accessed on November 30, 2014).
  47. ↑ See § 7 No. 2 of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance in the version valid from July 1, 2011 to July 25, 2012 and since then the identical § 2, Paragraph 1, No. 2 of the Reservists Act .
  48. ↑ Law on the legal status of reservists in the Federal Armed Forces (Reservists Act - ResG) . Berlin July 21, 2012, § 2 ( PDF [accessed on March 25, 2014]).
  49. ↑ Matthias Frank: Sucht - What is behind it and how you can help. In: Website of the Bundeswehr medical service . Federal Ministry of Defense , the head of the press and information staff ; Press and information center of the medical service, subject media, December 3, 2013, accessed on January 12, 2015 .
  50. ↑ a b Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Order of the Federal President on the rank designations, the appointment and dismissal as well as the uniform of the volunteer soldiers from 23 July 1955 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1955 , 23 of July 25, 1955. Bonn July 23, 1956, p. 452 ff . ( Online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  51. ^ A b Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Second order of the Federal President on the rank designations, the appointment and dismissal as well as the uniform of the volunteer soldiers from February 1, 1956 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1956 , 4 of February 2, 1956. Bonn July 23, 1956, p. 63 ff . ( Online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  52. ↑ a b Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from May 5, 1956 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1956 , 22 of May 14, 1956. Bonn 7 May 1956, p. 422 ff . ( Online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  53. ^ A b Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Second order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers from July 26, 1957 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1957 , 39 of August 7, 1957. Bonn July 26, 1957, p. 1056 ( online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  54. ^ A b Federal President Heinrich Lübke et al .: Sixth order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers from May 5, 1966 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1966 , 20 of May 13, 1966. Bonn May 5, 1966, p. 325 ff . ( Online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  55. ↑ Federal President Weizsäcker et al .: Order to change the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from December 12, 1989 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1989 , 58 of December 19, 1989 . Bonn December 12, 1989, p. 2188 ( online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  56. ↑ Federal President Weizsäcker et al .: Order to change the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from March 23, 1993 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1993 , 10 of March 27, 1993. Bonn March 23, 1993, p. 363 ( online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  57. ↑ Federal President Herzog et al .: Order to change the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from February 7, 1996 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1996 , 10 of February 22, 1996. Bonn , February 7, 1996, p. 218 ( online [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  58. ↑ cf. Iller disaster . The death of Kempten . In: Der Spiegel . No. 24 , 1957 ( online ).
  59. ↑ Jürgen Brandt , Eduard Brücker (editor): Der Reibert 1 . Service lessons in the army. Basic edition tape 1 . ES Mittler & Sohn , Frankfurt am Main 1963.
  60. ↑ Gerhard Zänkert (Editor): The Reibert . the manual for the soldier. Edition army. ES Mittler & Sohn , Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0203-8 .
  61. ↑ Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr. (PDF) Version 2. In: A2.2630005.2I. Inner Guidance Center, Federal Ministry of Defense, November 1, 2016, accessed on October 22, 2017 .