Soldier (military grade)

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lowest rank
Shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform carriers of the armored forces. Shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers. Sleeve badge on shirt, dark blue for navy uniform wearers (series of 20 naval command service)

Shoulder flap and sleeve badges
Rank group Teams
NATO rank code OR-1
Rank Army / Air Force Tank gunner, grenadier, tank grenadier, hunter, tank destroyer, gunner, tank gunner, pioneer, tank pioneer, radio operator, tank operator, rifleman, aviator, medical soldier
Marine rank Sailor , medical soldier
Abbreviation (in lists) Gren, Jg, PzSchtz, PzGren, PzJg, Kan, PzKan, Pi, PzPi, Fu, PzFu, Schtz, Flg, SanSdt, Matr (S)
Grade A 3 according to BBesO

Soldier is the collective term in Germany for all soldiers in the lowest rank of the Bundeswehr . However, soldier itself is not a rank designation . Rank designations for the lowest ranks of the Bundeswehr are: grenadier, hunter, tank gunner, tank grenadier, tank destroyer, gunner, tank gunner, pioneer, tank pioneer, radio operator, tank radio operator, rifleman, aviator, medic and sailor. They were determined by the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers ( BPresUnifAnO ) on the basis of § 4 paragraph 3 Soldiers Act (SG).

Collective term

As an abbreviation according to the former Central Service Regulation 64/10 "Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr" for soldier as a collective term for the lowest ranks " Sdt " is used, in lists and personal overviews " S " in the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers is instead used after the first list, the rank designation "Grenadier" as pars pro toto for all other ranks of the same rank. Other relevant regulations such as the Soldiers' Career Ordinance ( SLV ) or the central guideline A1-2630 / 0-9804 “Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr” mostly describe these ranks as “teams in the lowest rank” or similar.

Soldiers in basic training , usually soldiers in the lowest rank, are also referred to as recruits .

Rank designations

According to Central Service Regulation A-1420/24, the rank designation for a soldier in the lowest rank is basically based on the affiliation of the career to one of the three armed forces or the medical service of the Bundeswehr . Another variation is applied according belonging to a branch of service or to a certain military unit according to traditional conventions . Due to the reorganization of the Bundeswehr, the establishment of the Central Medical Service and the armed forces base , as well as the restructuring of careers and branches of service, the provisions must be adapted to the current situation. Wherever the Central Service Regulation A-1420/25 speaks of soldiers with a career in the armed forces, it refers to army, air force or naval uniforms in all organizational areas . This does not apply to soldiers serving in the medical service of the Bundeswehr ; The ZDv A-1420/25 makes different provisions for all soldiers in the careers under the supervision of the inspector of the medical service .

Specifically, the following rank designations are provided for the individual sections of the Bundeswehr:

Rank
designation 		abbreviation
 Carrier group (examples)
Hunter Born Soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the hunter , paratrooper and mountain troops and in traditionally closely related units such as the pack animal company 230 or some companies of the airborne supply battalions - until 1991 also army soldiers in the guard battalion at the Federal Ministry of Defense . Note: "Jäger" is also a collective term for all soldiers of the hunter troop.
grenadier Gren Army uniform wearer in the lowest rank in the guard battalion at the Federal Ministry of Defense since 1991 (until 1991 as a hunter)
Panzergrenadier PzGren Lowest rank soldiers in units of the Panzer Grenadier Troops . Note: "Panzergrenadiers" is also a collective term for all soldiers of the Panzergrenadier troop.
Tank guns PzSchtz Soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the armored forces , until their disbandment also in the armored reconnaissance force .
Tank destroyer PzJg The rank no longer exists in the active force . It referred to soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the tank destroyer force . The military branch was decommissioned in 2006; the rank designation was possibly de facto already dropped with the dissolution of all independent companies of this type of service in the mid-1990s. Note: "Panzerjäger" was also a collective term for all soldiers of the tank destroyer force.
gunner Can
Tank gunner PzKan Soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the artillery troops equipped with self-propelled howitzers ( tank artillery batteries )
pioneer pi All soldiers in the lowest rank in military units of the engineering corps except in armored sapper companies / -bataillonen . Note: "Pioneers" is also a collective term for all soldiers in the pioneer troop.
Tank pioneer PzPi All soldiers in the lowest rank in armored sapper companies / -bataillonen the engineering corps . Note: "Tank pioneers" is also a collective term for all soldiers in tank pioneer companies / battalions.
Aviator Flg
Radio operator Fu
Tank operator PzFu Soldiers in the lowest rank in units of the telecommunication troops , who operate in fixed combat units with armored troops . These include incorporated in the companies of the armored troops remote logs patrols and telecommunications cables and larger in armored or mechanized infantry brigades being incorporated troops.
Medic SanSdt Soldiers in the lowest rank in medical service careers . Note: "Medical soldiers" is also a collective term for all soldiers in the medical service of the Bundeswehr
sailor Matr Navy uniform bearers in the lowest rank except soldiers in careers of the medical service
Sagittarius Treasure Essentially all army uniform bearers in the lowest rank who do not belong to one of the groups mentioned above. Examples are soldiers in the lowest rank in military units of the Army logistics troops , the Military Police , the NBC defense troops , the army reconnaissance troop (including its predecessor field signal corps and Fernspähtruppe ), and corresponding Army Uniform of military logistics and military music service .

Authority to command and positions

In the Bundeswehr, the soldier in the lowest rank is a team rank which, according to the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) A-1420/24 "Ranks and Rank Groups", belongs to the rank group of the teams . Because they belong to the rank group of the crews, soldiers in the lowest rank on the basis of Section 4 (“Superiors relationship based on rank”) of the Superiors Ordinance cannot issue orders to anyone solely on the basis of their rank . Like all team ranks, soldiers in the lowest rank cannot declare themselves superiors according to § 6 (“Superiors on the basis of their own declaration”) of the Superiors Ordinance, even in emergency situations .

Soldiers in the lowest rank usually complete basic training and learn basic military and service principles in the recruitment rank . As a rule, the basic training also includes training as security and guard soldiers . After completing this training, soldiers in the lowest rank can be classified as guard soldiers , but this is unusual during the basic training. It is common, however, that soldiers in the lowest rank are assigned to the service as private . Even soldiers in the lowest rank can be given orders and assigned to soldiers for this purpose. An example is the (exercise) leading of a tank destruction squad or the deputy leadership of a group . For soldiers in the lowest rank, however, in practice these are mostly short-term assignments with a narrow content. Soldiers in the lowest rank can then, in accordance with the Supervisor Ordinance, issue orders to all soldiers who are officially or professionally subordinate in the cases listed there and within the limits specified there.

Appointment and remuneration

The decisive legal basis for the appointment to the lowest rank is met by the Soldiers' Career Ordinance (SLV) and, in addition, the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) 20/7. In the lowest rank to regular soldiers , voluntary military service and ordered reservists of all careers are appointed. Unless soldiers are hired at a higher rank , recruits first go through the lowest rank as the hiring rank.

Time soldiers in the lowest rank, after the Federal pay regulation (BBesO) with A 3 remunerated . Instead, those doing voluntary military service and reservists are given military pay according to the Military Pay Act .

Shoulder flap and sleeve badges

A soldier in the lowest rank does not wear a rank badge ( BPrasUnifAnO ). It is therefore also jokingly called "bald shoulder" .

The epaulets are not completely “empty”: In the case of those wearing army uniforms, weapon-colored strands or piping indicate that they belong to a specific type of service. Air force uniform wearers wear, where the uniform would otherwise resemble the uniform of army or naval uniform wearers, a double swing arm on otherwise empty shoulder badges. Candidates for sergeants , sergeants and cadets wear different colored pull loops, one or two horizontal bars or career badges . Other Navy Uniform wear using badge for service dress . If the uniform is otherwise the same, even if the more suitable headgear is not recognizable, these indicators can be used to estimate which rank the soldier in the lowest rank actually uses, even if this is expressly not always clear.

  • Examples

  • Gunner or tank gunner
    (field suit)

  • Panzerschützen or formerly Panzerjäger
    (service suit)

  • Grenadier, Jäger
    or Panzergrenadier
    ( non-commissioned officers )

  • Aviators or,
    more rarely, gunners

  • sailor

Bundeswehr Cross Black.svg Team rank
Lower rank   Higher rank
Grenadier, hunter,
tank gunner, tank
grenadier,
tank destroyer, gunner,
tank gunner, pioneer,
tank
engineer, radio operator, tank radio operator , rifleman,
aviator, medical soldier ,
sailor 		Private

Rank group : Teams-NCOs-NCO-NCOs-Lieutenant-Captains-Staff officers-Generals

Other forces

In the armed forces of NATO , a soldier is equivalent to all ranks with the NATO rank code OR-1. Also in the Swiss Army , the National People's Army (NVA) of the GDR and in the border troops of the GDR , soldier is or was the lowest rank of the teams . The equivalent in the People's Navy of the GDR was a sailor . In the Austrian Armed Forces it corresponds to the recruits as well as the private ones in some armed forces of English-speaking countries.

Web links

Wiktionary: Soldier  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikiquote: Soldier  Quotes

Remarks

  1. ↑ Left: shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers of the armored forces (i. Ei d. R. Panzerschützen). Middle: shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers (mostly aviators). Right: sleeve badge on the shirt, dark blue of a navy uniform wearer ( application series 20 naval command service) (i.e. sailor)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f According to ZDv A-1420/24, soldiers in the lowest rank in medical service careers always have the rank of medical soldier regardless of the uniform , unit or organizational area. In practice, however, there are numerous examples of naval and air force uniforms in the careers of the medical service who are referred to as sailors or as aviators, especially when they serve in units of the navy or air force. See, for example, the Marine Press and Information Center: Our bloggers in profile. Federal Ministry of Defense , head of the press and information staff , September 1, 2015, accessed on February 10, 2016 . or Karl-Heinz Schad: Welcome to the Air Force team. Federal Ministry of Defense , head of the press and information staff ., September 1, 2015, accessed on December 2, 2013 .
  3. ↑ “ Traditional conventions” means above all that an exact assignment of the rank designations for army and air force uniform wearers does not take the form of a law, ordinance or service regulation , but is based on the tried and tested procedure. Standard values are the branch of service and the name of the military unit . The assignment is not always clear. Whether, for example, soldiers in the lowest rank in a Fernmeldezug the headquarters company of mechanized infantry brigade hence are called armored radio operator because they in a tank formation serve, or "merely" radio operator because they do not immediately have their own armored vehicles, or all soldiers of the headquarters company in the lowest rank (Tank) shooters for the sake of uniformity remain unregulated. Another example are recruits from Pack Animal Company 230 , traditionally called hunters, although their company is part of the Army Logistics Force, where recruits are commonly referred to as riflemen.
  4. ↑ In lists, however, always "S"
  5. ↑ The listed carriers are to be understood as examples. There are a number of exceptions and also so-called ranks in areas other than those listed here.
  6. ↑ If there are soldiers in the lowest rank at all in the area of ​​the special forces command (rather unlikely), then these are possibly also called hunters, because the roots of the command lie largely in the paratrooper troops
  7. ↑, contrary to the Central Service Regulation 64/10, often also PG
  8. ↑ The rank designation Panzerfunker should meanwhile be extremely rare in the troops.
  9. ↑ ZDv 20/7 on the basis of Section 44 of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance ( Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, Section 44 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Newly drafted by Bek. V. 19 August 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Paragraph 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730). )
  10. ↑ His trainers, on the other hand, are often grouped together as "ranks" because they wear rank badges. It is wrong to assume that soldiers in the lowest rank do not yet have a rank because they do not wear a rank badge. Rather, it is correct that, according to the order of the Federal President and the Soldier Career Ordinance, all active soldiers (and all reserved reservists) in the Bundeswehr have a rank.
  11. ↑ Compare beret badges , beret color , mountain cap
  12. ↑ Army uniform wearers in the lowest rank with orange braids or piping are, for example, clearly marksmen. Medical soldiers wear dark blue braids. Navy uniform wearers are clearly sailors. They can also be recognized in field suits by the fact that they have neither double swingarms nor braids. However, whether the air force uniform wearer, who can be identified in the field suit on the double wing, must be called a gunner in the lowest rank or, how much more often, an aviator, cannot be identified from these indicators. It also remains unclear whether an army uniform bearer in the lowest rank with green braids is a grenadier, hunter or tank grenadier. To make matters worse, in some companies recruits are often only “awarded” the braids after they have given their vows or even at the end of their basic training, so that one could theoretically confuse them with sailors.
  13. ↑ Alternatively, an army uniform carrier in the lowest rank who, contrary to the provisions of the Central Service Regulation 37/10, often does not wear braids in the color of weapons , as is often the case in practice . If the person is wearing an army uniform without braids and without a beret , it is hardly possible for outsiders to recognize the correct rank designation "at a glance".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr. (PDF) In: https://www.reservisten.bundeswehr.de/ . Inner Guidance Center , October 1, 2019, accessed on April 6, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b c Federal Ministry of Defense , BMVg P II 5 (Ed.): A-1420/24. Central service regulation. Ranks and rank groups . January 19, 2006 ( PDF [accessed February 10, 2016]).
  3. ↑ a b Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 ( NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014] English).
  4. ↑ a b c Federal Minister of Defense ; Command Staff of the Armed Forces IV 1 (Ed.): Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr - German Abbreviations - ZDv 64/10 . Bonn January 19, 1979 ( PDF - as of September 17, 1999).
  5. ↑ a b Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal salary regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).
  6. ↑ a b The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, amendment status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, The Superiors Ordinance, p. A 12 1 (Not to be confused with the Ordinance on the Regulation of Military Superiors (Superiors Ordinance - VorgV) ).
  7. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 4 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
  8. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956, § 6 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
  9. ↑ Federal Minister of Defense (Ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
  10. ↑ Note also: Annex (to § 3). Allocation of the career paths of the soldiers to the career groups of the men and women, the NCOs and the officers
  11. ↑ The Federal Minister of Defense ; Personnel, Social and Central Affairs Department (Ed.): ZDv 20/7. Provisions for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers . Bonn March 27, 2002, Art. 635 ( PDF ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 26, 2014] DSK AP210100187, reprint January 2008). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.reservisten.bundeswehr.de
  12. ↑ Law on remuneration in cash and in kind for soldiers who do military service on the basis of compulsory military service (Wehrsoldgesetz - WSG). (PDF) In: Laws on the Internet . Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection ; juris GmbH , March 3, 1957, accessed on November 1, 2014 (in the version of the announcement of August 13, 2008 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1718 ), last amended by Article 2, Paragraph 8 of the law of April 8, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette . I p. 730 ) has been changed).
  13. ↑ a b The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).