Mountain cap (Bundeswehr)

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Corporal on guard duty with field suit and mountain cap in the simple version for teams

The mountain cap is one of the headgear used by the Bundeswehr . For almost all soldiers in the mountain troops, the mountain cap is part of the personal equipment and replaces the beret and (often) the field cap . The metal emblem in the form of an edelweiss attached to the mountain cap is one of the most famous symbols of the mountain troops. Various types of tucks allow a rough classification of the wearer's rank .

Legal bases

The mountain cap is part of the uniform of the Bundeswehr and is therefore particularly regulated due to its relevance in international law . The decisive legal basis for the way of wearing and the design is the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers , which also contains some specific provisions on the mountain caps to be worn. The central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-5 "Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr" regulates specific provisions for execution and wearing conditions, which governs the provisions of the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) 37/10 "Dress regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr “As far as the content is concerned, it has essentially hardly changed. The detailed version describes in particular the technical delivery conditions TL 8405-0005 "Mountain cap for officers, NCOs and men, mountain troops", TL 8455-0128 "Beret badges (troop badge)", and TL 8455- issued by the Federal Office for Equipment, Information Technology and Use of the Bundeswehr . 0005 "Cap badge, metal".

history

Mountain cap and edelweiss of the Wehrmacht

The history of the mountain cap

Mountain cap of the Wehrmacht

In contrast to the beret , the mountain hat has a long tradition . The forerunner was the service cap (field cap) included in the adjustment of the Austro-Hungarian army for the kk mountain troops in 1868 . Before the Second World War (roughly at the same time as the Austrian armed forces joined the Wehrmacht ), the mountain cap, similar to the headgear of the Kaiserschützen, was introduced to the mountain troops of the Wehrmacht in a green-gray color . Other units of the Wehrmacht quickly adopted the mountain cap (partly like the Africa Corps in a modified and simplified form). In 1943, the M43 field cap, modeled on the mountain cap, was supposed to replace the little boat (type "M35 field cap") in the army of the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS , which, however, was no longer nationwide in the course of the war .

After the founding of the Bundeswehr , the mountain troops received the traditional mountain hat that they still wear today. In the early years, the other army soldiers in the Bundeswehr initially wore a field cap with their combat and work uniforms, which somewhat resembled the standard M43 field cap of the Wehrmacht, in 1967 they switched to the boat , but after a few years returned to the field cap after a few years - at the latest with the introduction of today's field suits back, which, in contrast to the first field cap of the Bundeswehr, is now clearly similar to the mountain cap.

The history of edelweiss

The edelweiss also comes from Austrian military history. In 1907 Franz Joseph I assigned the edelweiss as a badge to some regiments of the Austro-Hungarian Army stationed in the Alps . In 1915 Archduke Eugen “awarded” the German Alpine Corps the edelweiss of the Imperial and Royal Mountain Troops in recognition of his performance in the mountain war against Italy in the Austro-Hungarian Alpine region . After the First World War , the edelweiss initially disappeared in the German armed forces, but was reintroduced in 1939 for the mountain troops of the Wehrmacht as a badge for the mountain and peaked cap and as a sleeve badge. The mountain associations of the Waffen-SS also received an edelweiss as a badge for the mountain cap in 1943, but this differed significantly from the design of the Wehrmacht version.

After rearmament , the edelweiss was approved by the Federal President in 1957 as a cap badge for the mountain troops of the Bundeswehr. Even with the mountain troops of the federal army , the edelweiss has been preserved in various pieces of uniform. In the association badges of the mountain troops of the Bundeswehr , the edelweiss is the main motif and can be found similarly in the special badge for army mountain guides .

description

Mountain hat for all officers except generals

The outer fabric of the mountain hat is made of light gray, light serge (a mixture of polyester and new wool ) to match the mountain suit . The mountain hat has an oval base, a peak and two flap parts sewn on both sides on the lower edge of the side parts . The flap parts, which are usually folded up, can be pulled down in bad weather . The outwardly tapered flaps then cover the wearer's cheeks . The ends of the flap section are connected with two silver-colored metal buttons sewn on parallel to the end edge of one flap section (and corresponding buttonholes on the other flap section). Therefore, the ends of the flap parts can be pulled under the chin and thus fix the cap. The flap parts can also be unbuttoned. The buttons are closed when folded up. When folded up, the flap parts lie tightly against the side parts of the hat. The two flap portion ends overlap finger's breadth at the end face over the screen so that the sewn on the inner flap portion outside superposed buttons are visible.

Floor piping

For generals, this basic design is supplemented by a 10 mm wide, gold-colored floor piping ( i.e. a piping that runs completely around the outer edge of the floor in the seam between the floor and side parts) made of woven metal ; for all other officers with a silver-colored floor piping made of woven metal. The use of gold- and silver-colored webbing to highlight the uniforms of these ranks is known in a similar way from the piping of their rank insignia and service suit and ski blouse collars .

badge

A metal-embossed cockade in the colors black-red-gold (described from inside to outside) is attached to the front center seam above the two ends of the valve.

The “badge, service cap” is attached between the top button and the cockade. This consists of two light old gold (for generals gold-colored ) metal-stamped crossed sabers . They are similar to the armed forces badge for the visor cap of the army uniform wearer. The two buttons, cockade and the crossed sabers are arranged vertically in a row.

In addition, an old silver-colored , metal-embossed edelweiss with gold-colored stamens is attached to the mountain cap . The edelweiss is to be attached to the left flap in such a way that the flower lies in the middle of the flap height when folded up, the stem points to the base of the umbrella and is two centimeters away from it.

  • “Badge, service cap” for generals: crossed golden sabers

  • "Badge, service hat" (except for generals): light old gold sabers

  • Edelweiss

Comparison with the field cap

The design of the Bundeswehr field cap is essentially based on the design of the mountain cap. In addition to the color, the biggest difference is that the flaps that are firmly sewn onto the side parts of the field cap made of comparatively light fabric are only hinted at and are therefore deprived of their protective function .

Carrying conditions

Lieutenant General Lahl in the version for generals with ZDv 37/10 gold buttons and an embroidered cockade (and a noticeably long umbrella)

Soldiers of the mountain troops usually wear the mountain cap instead of the beret and field cap . The ZDv 37/10 allows the following soldiers to wear the mountain cap to the modified form of the field suit and the basic form of the service suit (also the basic form of the large service suit ):

Mountain hunters who serve outside of the troop units listed above usually wear the green beret and the gold beret badge of the hunter troop instead of edelweiss and mountain hats .

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ cf. to → History of the beret Bundeswehr
  2. ↑ According to TL 8305-0185 more precisely: L * 43.9 a * -0.3 and b * -2.0 in the Lab color space . Or converted to hex RGB : RGB # 66686B . Conversion into hex RGB color values suitable for Wikipedia using a color converter. In: WorkWithColor.com. Retrieved August 5, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b c In accordance with the provisions of ZDv 37/10 and the versions of TL 8405-0005, silver-colored buttons are always sewn on. Unlike the buttons on the service jacket and the ski blouse, and unlike the procedure for the crossed sabers and the lid piping, there are no gold-colored buttons for generals , which would otherwise be available in the same gold-colored version according to TL 8315-0018. Nevertheless, it can be observed that some generals (contrary to regulations) replace the silver-colored buttons with gold-colored buttons, cf. for example Major General Markus Bentler's mountain hat in Michael Wils-Kudiabor: Four gold medals for Pristina - The German leadership role at KFOR - PART 1. Federal Minister of Defense; Bundeswehr Mission Command Press and Information Center , October 15, 2013, accessed on August 14, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b c The latter groups wear the beret with the beret badge of their military type and also the edelweiss attached near the military branch badge in these troops. Compare the explanations → in the chapter "Headgear of the mountain troops" of the article on the beret of the Bundeswehr .
  5. ↑ This presumably also includes the army centers responsible for training in the sense of ZDv 37/10 .
  6. ↑ in the sense of ZDv 37/10 probably also subordinate troops
  7. ↑ This refers to so-called staff departments at the integrated NATO level , i. H. Personnel who are deployed in so-called integrated use. The abbreviation “J” is used for relevant staff departments.
  8. ↑ Compare the explanations → in the chapter "Headgear of the mountain troops" of the article on the beret of the Bundeswehr .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Der Bundespräsident (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).
  2. ↑ A2-2630 / 0-0-5. Central Directive. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr. (PDF) Center for Inner Leadership, Legal Department, RSO Division, November 1, 2016, accessed on October 5, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m ZDv 37/10 sent with attachments. In: FragDenStaat.de . Open Knowledge Foundation Germany , April 13, 2014, accessed on August 4, 2014 (request in accordance with IFG / UIG / VIG . The BMVg's response includes ZDv 37/10 as of January 27, 2014 and additions 01 / - and 02 / 2014). In detail:
    1. Hartmut Bagger , Headquarters of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense , SKA DvZentraleBw (Ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. DSK F110100003. Bonn , Euskirchen January 27, 2014, p. 293 ( digitized version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014] Reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996; last changed on January 27, 2014 (change no. 7) by SKA DvZentraleBw).
    2. Inner Guidance Center . Department of Law and Military Order (Ed.): Supplement / amendment 01/2014 to ZDv 37/10 . Koblenz January 28, 2014, p. 16 ( digital version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014]).
    3. Inner Guidance Center . Department of Law and Military Order (Ed.): Addition / amendment 02/2014 to ZDv 37/10 . Koblenz April 28, 2014, p. 30 ( digital version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014]).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Technical delivery conditions. Mountain cap for officers, NCOs and men, mountain troops (TL 8405-0005). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , October 2000, archived from the original on August 25, 2014 ; Retrieved August 12, 2014 .
  5. ↑ a b Technical delivery conditions. Beret badge (military branch badge) (TL 8455-0128). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , September 19, 2007, archived from the original on August 13, 2014 ; accessed on August 5, 2014 .
  6. ↑ a b Technical delivery conditions. Cap badge, metal (TL 8455-0005). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , February 1994, archived from the original on August 25, 2014 ; accessed on August 14, 2014 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Uniforms of the mountain troops. (No longer available online.) Manfred Heisig, 1st Mountain Division Interest Group , archived from the original on August 14, 2014 ; Retrieved on August 12, 2014 (see in particular the sections “The mountain hat” and “The edelweiss badge”).
  8. ↑ See for example the picture of a soldier of the Africa Corps in 1941 .
  9. ↑ The tropical uniforms of the army. In: Afrika Korps - DAK - The campaign in Africa 1941–1943 . Association of German Africa Corps eV; Uwe Vogel, accessed on August 14, 2014 (the tropics field cap and field cap are shown in field gray).
  10. ↑ Laurent Mirouze: Infantrymen of the First World War . Verlag Karl-Heinz Dissberger, Düsseldorf 1990, ISBN 3-924753-28-8 , p. 48 .
  11. ↑ a b Roland Kaltenegger : Totenkopf and Edelweiss: General Artur Phleps and the Southeast European mountain troops of the Waffen-SS 1942–1945 . 1st edition. ARES-Verlag , 2008, ISBN 3-902475-57-9 , I Structure and structure of the mountain troops of the Waffen-SS - 2. Armament and equipment, p. 30 ( online PDF [accessed on August 14, 2014]).
  12. ↑ for a more detailed description and illustrations of the mountain cap of the Wehrmacht cf. Mountain hats. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  13. ↑ for a more detailed description and illustrations of the uniform field cap of the Wehrmacht cf. Uniform field caps. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  14. ↑ for a more detailed description and illustrations of the uniform field cap of the Waffen-SS cf. Uniform field caps. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  15. ↑ for a more detailed description and illustrations of the mountain cap of the Waffen-SS cf. Mountain hats. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  16. ^ Wilhelm Volrad von Rauchhaupt: From a colorful skirt to a colorful tie . In: Rudolf Augstein (Ed.): Der Spiegel . No. 25 . Hanover June 20, 1956 ( digitized version (PDF) [accessed on August 12, 2014]).
  17. ↑ The increasingly colorful skirt . In: Der Spiegel . tape 12/1981 . SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG, March 16, 1981, p. 68 ( online PDF [accessed August 5, 2014]).
  18. ↑ Walter Welsch: History of Section Bayerland the German Alpine Club eV The time of World War I and the Weimar Republic in 1914 -1933 . Ed .: Bayerland section of the German Alpine Association eV Holzer Druck und Medien Druckerei und Zeitungsverlag GmbH + Co. KG, 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-031936-5 , ISSN  1616-6450 , 1. The time of the First World War 1914–1918 . 1.1 The First World War and the Alpine Club, p. 22nd f . ( Online PDF [accessed on August 14, 2014]).
  19. ↑ Badge of the mountain troops. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  20. ↑ cf. in addition the image of the cap badge for the mountain troops of the Waffen-SS badge of the mountain troops. In: wehrmachtlexikon.de. Michael Maack, 2007, accessed August 18, 2014 .
  21. ↑ Technical delivery conditions. Light suit cloth (serge) (TL 8305-0185). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , May 4, 2009, archived from the original on August 19, 2014 ; accessed on August 14, 2014 .
  22. ↑ according to Technical delivery conditions. Metal uniform buttons for the Army and Air Force (TL 8315-0018). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Equipment, Information Technology and Use of the Bundeswehr , October 18, 2012, archived from the original on August 19, 2014 ; accessed on August 14, 2014 .
  23. ↑ Technical delivery conditions. Field cap, camouflage print, army (TL 8415-0238). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , July 5, 2012, archived from the original on October 21, 2012 ; accessed on August 14, 2014 .