Peaked cap (Bundeswehr)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Visor cap for army uniform wearers of the rank groups lieutenants , captains and for the rank of senior ensign
Visor caps for army uniform wearers of the rank group generals

The peaked cap (also: service cap ) is one of the headgear of the Bundeswehr . For many navy uniform wearers , the peaked cap is the usual headgear for a service suit . The peaked cap is worn less often by air force and army uniforms , where usually berets , mountain caps or boats are preferred instead. The peaked cap is mostly only worn with the official and formal suit. The design and the screen applications usually allow the soldier to be assigned to a part of the armed forces or a rank group .

Legal bases

The peaked cap is part of the uniform of the Bundeswehr and is therefore particularly regulated due to its relevance in international law . The decisive legal basis for the way of wearing and the design is the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers , which also contains some specific provisions on the visor caps to be worn. The central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-5 "Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr" regulates specific provisions for execution and wearing conditions, which governs the provisions of the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) 37/10 "Dress regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr “As far as the content is concerned, it has essentially hardly changed. The detailed version describes several technical delivery conditions issued by the Federal Office for Equipment, Information Technology and Use of the Bundeswehr .

Carrying conditions

Army peaked caps
Army visor caps for all rank groups as of 2018
Flotilla admiral Markus Krause-Traudes with the peaked cap for admirals
Solemn vow : in the foreground on the right, field hunter in field suit with white clothing and white cap

According to ZDv 37/10, the visor cap can be headgear for the basic form and various modifications of the uniform of the Bundeswehr . Soldiers wear the peaked cap in the following combination:

  • Service suit :
    • Navy uniform wearers (only officers , NCOs and men over 30 years of age wearing naval uniforms )
      • to the basic shape and all combinations of the dark blue service suit
      • to the basic shape and all combinations of the sand-colored summer suit
      • to the basic shape and all combinations of the white summer suit
    • Air force uniform wearer (only officers and NCOs wearing air force uniforms)
      • on the basic shape, the modified basic shape and all combinations of the blue service suit, but not in connection with the blue sweater
      • to the modified basic form of the sand-colored summer suit, but not in connection with the blue sweater
    • Army uniform wearer
  • supplemented for basic form of the company suit (male officers and NCOs all Uniform areas ):
  • for the modified basic form of the 5-color camouflage print - field suit (only wearers of army uniforms of the military type Feldjägertruppe in military police service regardless of rank in connection with white or black clothing and white cap cover)

Use in practice

With special permission, contrary to the ZDv 37/10, teams rarely wear the visor cap, here Corporal Benjamin Winter in a modified air force uniform with an illegal silver (instead of light old gold) armed forces badge

According to ZDv 37/10, the visor cap is expressly not part of the equipment requirement for wearers of army uniforms (with the exception of the variants for military police) and is therefore reserved for self-dressing and partial self-dressing. In self-dressing and partially self-dressing, it is almost exclusively higher NCOs or officers. The peaked cap for these army uniform wearers is still expressly permitted in service clothing, unless otherwise explicitly ordered by superiors. Army uniform wearers can replace the peaked cap in any conceivable type of suit with other headgear. Overall, the peaked cap in the army is therefore very rare and is usually replaced by a mountain cap or beret . Even in the military police service where the cap can be output with white reference on duty and where they used similar to the headgear of the German police uniforms were often worn for example at traffic controls or security service, the cap has become a rare headgear.

Even in the case of Air Force uniform wearers, wearing a peaked cap in none of the types of suits described above is the only permitted headgear. It is therefore usually not delivered on business, even if this is expressly not excluded in ZDv 37/10. Therefore, Air Force Uniform replace the cap by boat or beret.

For navy uniform wearers, on the other hand, the visor cap is a widespread headgear. Contrary to the ZDv 37/10, the peaked cap is even worn instead of the ship's hats or boats by commanders and other management personnel on boats with shipboard and combat suits.

execution

Version for non-commissioned officers in naval uniform (except for senior midshipmen at sea )

General

Since the visor cap for army and air force uniforms is usually no longer part of the equipment specification, its exact appearance is no longer standardized in current technical delivery conditions. Therefore, the production is based on the reproduction of the visor caps previously issued for business purposes as well as the illustrations in ZDv 37/10. Basically, the production descriptions of service caps for service caps for naval uniform wearers (mainly TL 8405-0167 and TL 8405-0171) or for military police (TL 8405-0180 and TL 8405-0181) can be used as a basis. Due to the sketchy regulatory situation and the lack of design descriptions, the versions worn by army and air force uniforms in troops can be found in various versions. In accordance with the terms of delivery mentioned, the visor cap of the Bundeswehr is essentially to be made from a shape-defining cap frame with a semicircular visor and a cap cover to be attached to it by means of a bracket. In this variant, the cap cover can be removed for cleaning. In the case of many higher-quality models with mostly darker and therefore less sensitive outer fabrics, there are also designs that are firmly connected to one another.

The hat frame, executed in its basic color like the serge of the service suit (light gray, blue-gray, blue for army, air force or naval uniforms), is surrounded all around by a 4 cm wide edge band (contrasted in anthracite for army uniforms or in the same color as the basic color of the cap frame for air force and naval uniform wearers), which is limited at the top and bottom by edge tucks (for their execution see below). A storm strap made of black patent leather with 2 sliders (width 14 mm) rests on the lower edge of the edge band and on the visor, which is only used for decoration . The chinstrap is held on both sides by metal buttons (gold-colored for naval uniforms and generals, otherwise silver-colored) on the hat frame. The support attached to the center of the front of the cap frame, which is covered by the cover, gives the peaked cap its characteristic pointed shape and creates the area on which the cockade (see below) and the armed forces badge (see below) are attached to the cap cover. The armed forces badge rests against the lower edge piping, is partly covered by the strap at the bottom and extends well beyond the edge band at the top and almost touches the cockade. The armed forces badges, which are embroidered on a carrier material in the color of the basic material of the cap, are sewn firmly onto the bottom of the edge band, while the upper part that extends over the edge band is either not connected to the cap cover or is easily detachable if the cap cover is to be replaced. The umbrella is attached at the front below the edge band (see below). The seam between the side parts and the bottom of the cover is decorated with a color-contrasting piping for NCOs in Air Force uniform, as well as for officers and senior middlemen in Army and Air Force uniform (see below). The hat cover for air force and army uniform wearers (except for the version for military police) is made in the basic color of the hat frame (gray, blue-gray). The covers for navy uniform wearers and military police officers are white.

umbrella

The semicircular umbrella (maximum width 55 mm) is attached to the front, below the edge band.

For crews and NCOs (except for senior middlemen ) the umbrella is a smooth black lacquer umbrella with a gray underside. This version of the umbrella is not embroidered.

The tops of the umbrellas for officers and senior middlemen are made in the same serge as the rest of the hat (light gray, blue-gray or blue for army, air force or naval uniforms) and embroidered according to the rank group and uniform area of ​​the wearer (see below). The front edge of the umbrella for officers (except generals) and senior middlemen is covered in black lacquer plastic material (width: 6 mm). The underside of the umbrellas for all officers (except generals) and senior middlemen is made of cowhide ; in the case of generals, the cover on the underside is the same as the top.

Umbrella embroidery

While crews and NCOs wear the visor without embroidery as described above, the visor of the senior middlemen (at sea) and the officers is decorated with various types of hand embroidery in the form of oak leaf embroidery or crescent-shaped embroidery, depending on the rank or rank group . The embroidery runs along the edge of the screen and is made of metal web. The embroidery is always gold-colored for generals and navy uniform wearers, and silver-colored for all other army and air force uniforms . The silver color is brought about by a spinning plate with aluminum wire content . The gold-colored embroidery threads get their color partly from a real gold and real silver coating , and partly also from a yellow lacquered silver coating .

In the case of generals , the embroidery is carried out in the form of a 1.4 cm wide, double oak leaf branch facing one another; for admirals the width is 1.7 cm but is otherwise identical. For staff officers , the embroidery is done in the form of a 1.7 cm wide, simple oak leaf branch facing each other. The version for all other officers ( lieutenants and captains ) as well as for senior middlemen ( at sea ) is 0.7 cm wide and shows a jagged strip in the form of a chain of 24 crescent-shaped links with long and pointed ends with cantilla embroidery . Since the shape and color of the embroidery on the visor of a navy officer can evoke associations with the edge of a well-known butter biscuit , this embroidery is also jokingly referred to as the "biscuit edge".

Hat tucks

For army and air force uniforms, the seams of the parts of the peaked cap are partly decorated with tucks . The lid piping runs in the seam between the lid and the side parts of the cap cover around the entire peaked cap. The edge piping forms the upper and lower edge of the circumferential edge band. Generals wear a lid piping and two edge piping made of gold-colored metal web; all the other officers and senior middlemen wear the same piping made of silver-colored metal web. All other NCOs in Air Force uniform wear a golden yellow piping on the lid; all other NCOs in army uniform have been wearing a light old gold piping on the top since 2014. Golden yellow is used for air force uniform wearers in the sense of a weapon color .

Hat badge

cockade

metal embossed cockade for non-commissioned officers (except for senior midshipmen) and men

At the front, 3 cm below the upper edge of the peaked cap (if necessary on the seam of the side parts) the cockade (diameter 2.1 cm) in the colors black-red-gold (from inside to outside) is attached. The cockade is hand embroidered for officers and middlemen ( at sea ) . The version for other NCOs and men is embossed with metal . Non-commissioned officers are allowed to wear hand-embroidered cockades if they obtain them themselves.

Armed forces badge

Above the center of the visor, below the cockade and immediately above the lower edge piping, a badge of different types depending on the uniform wearer area is attached to the edge band of the visor cap, which differs in design depending on the rank of the wearer. The designation is "badge, service hat" or "armed forces badge".

  • Armed forces badge for army uniform wearers of the rank groups of NCOs (except for senior middlemen) and men

  • Armed forces badge for air force uniform wearers of the rank groups of NCOs (except for senior middlemen) (and men )

  • Armed forces badge for naval uniform wearers of the rank groups of NCOs (except for senior middlemen) and men

The badge for army uniform wearers (approx. 75 × 45 mm) shows two crossed, upward-pointing sabers with oak leaves . For air force uniform wearers , a double wing with oak leaves is shown; the dimensions are approx. 75 × 45 mm. For army and air force uniforms, the badges for generals are gold-colored and hand-embroidered using metal mesh. All other officers and senior middlemen ( at sea ) in army or air force uniform wear hand-embroidered silver-colored badges made of woven metal. Non-commissioned officers (except for senior middlemen) and men in army or air force uniforms wear the badges as light old gold-colored metal embossing.

The badge for navy uniform wearers (approx. 55 × 45 mm) shows a gold-colored unclear anchor (an anchor with a rope attached to the shackle ) with an oak leaf border. For officers and middlemen at sea, the badge is hand-embroidered, for all other naval uniforms it is metal-stamped; Non-commissioned officers may, however, attach hand-embroidered badges they have procured themselves.

The silver color of the embroidery threads is achieved through aluminum wire components ; The gold-colored threads are made of a metal web with a portion of silver wire that is covered with real gold .

history

Forerunner in earlier German armed forces

Visor caps of the Reichswehr (left) and the Wehrmacht

The model of today's peaked cap in the German armed forces was the peaked cap issued by the Wehrmacht from 1934 onwards , which in turn already had a forerunner in the service cap of the Reichswehr .

armed forces

Overview

older versions of the visor caps for the army, air force and navy before 1959: unembroidered visors, dark cover for the navy version

The peaked cap was already issued for officers when the Bundeswehr was first issued with uniforms. In particular, the color and fabrics have been adapted several times over the course of time, mostly in line with changes to the service suits. For example, until around the end of the 1960s, the basic color for army uniform wearers was significantly darker than the almost light gray serge worn since the 1970s, which corresponds to the color of today's jacket of the service suit. The edge band for the Army and Air Force version initially varied between a light silver-gray to copper-colored. The cover of the navy peaked cap was still blue in bad weather - the white cover was only pulled on in summer. The elaborate umbrella embroidery was only introduced with later changes - at first the umbrellas were mostly unembroidered (see below). Overall, however, the first model was already similar to today's peaked cap. From around 1963, the top piping and the two edge piping (except for officers and senior middlemen) in the army and air force were executed in the weapon color , which in retrospect appears unusually colorful; from 1975 the gun-colored piping was (slowly) controlled.

When, on April 27, 1971, the Army Command, following approval from the Federal President, initiated the introduction of the first berets of today's form for some branches of the army, the visor cap was slowly displaced, beginning in the Army and with a delay in the Air Force. The peaked cap is now very rare for those wearing army uniforms. Their use is still permitted, but no longer corresponds to the prevailing fashion.

History of umbrella embroidery

At first only the visors of the officers of the rank group of the generals were embroidered. The embroidery was similar to today in the form of a double gold-colored oak leaf branch. From 1959 all officers in the Navy wore gold-colored umbrella embroidery. From mid-1962, all other officers were also given oak leaf embroidery to decorate their visors. From 1966, the new ranks Oberfähnrich and Oberfähnrich zur See also received the right to wear appropriate shield applications.

  • Visor cap of a staff officer of the army around 1958 with a copper-colored border. The screen embroidery was probably only added in advance or with the change in uniform in 1962; at first the umbrellas were not embroidered

  • Visor cap of a staff officer of the Army from around August 1962 with a silver-gray border

  • The predecessor of the current model in dark serge and the edge band barely contrasted in color

Web links

Commons : Military peaked caps of the Bundeswehr  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c Note: The Bundeswehr describes all soldiers who wear the uniform of the respective armed forces as army or air force or naval uniform wearers. The term also includes soldiers outside the three armed forces, the army , air force and navy , for example soldiers in the armed forces base or in the Federal Ministry of Defense , cf. Training as reserve officer candidate in military service. Federal Office for Personnel Management of the Bundeswehr (BAPersBw) - The President, March 13, 2014, accessed on March 26, 2014 . The ZDv 37/10 has not yet been adapted to these new terms. If ZDv 37/10 makes provisions on the uniform of the army, air force or navy, then all army, air force and naval uniforms are equally meant.
  2. ↑ a b The procurement and consequently also the wearing is therefore reserved in the case of army uniform wearers to "self- and partially self-clothing". According to the provisions of the Federal Salary Act Section 69, a) officers with a remaining period of service of more than one year and b) upon request professional soldiers and temporary soldiers in a different career than the careers of officers with at least 8 years of service and a remaining period of service of at least four years. In practice, therefore, as a rule, officers and NCOs are almost exclusively partially or self-dressed. See Federal Salary Act. Section 69 Uniforms and accommodation for soldiers. juris; Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, accessed on October 10, 2018 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Technical delivery conditions. Badges for service caps, hand-embroidered. TL 8455-0011. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , November 2000, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e The Federal President (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).
  3. ↑ A2-2630 / 0-0-5. Central Directive. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr. Inner Leadership Center, Legal Department, RSO Department, November 1, 2016, accessed on October 5, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Delivery of the ZDv 37/10 with attachments. In: FragDenStaat.de . Open Knowledge Foundation Germany , April 13, 2014, accessed on August 4, 2014 (request in accordance with IFG / UIG / VIG . The BMVg's response includes ZDv 37/10 as of January 27, 2014 and additions 01 / - and 02 / 2014). In detail:
    1. Hartmut Bagger , Headquarters of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense , SKA DvZentraleBw (Ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. DSK F110100003. Bonn , Euskirchen January 27, 2014, p. 293 ( digitized version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014] Reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996; last changed on January 27, 2014 (change no. 7) by SKA DvZentraleBw).
    2. Inner Guidance Center . Department of Law and Military Order (Ed.): Supplement / amendment 01/2014 to ZDv 37/10 . Koblenz January 28, 2014, p. 16 ( digital version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014]).
    3. Inner Guidance Center . Department of Law and Military Order (Ed.): Addition / amendment 02/2014 to ZDv 37/10 . Koblenz April 28, 2014, p. 30 ( digital version [PDF; 3.1 MB ; accessed on August 4, 2014]).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Technical delivery conditions. Cap frame for peaked caps, marine. TL 8405-0167. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , October 27, 2008, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e Technical delivery conditions. Cap cover, white, navy. TL 8405-0171. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , April 29, 2009, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Technical delivery conditions. Cap frame for peaked caps, military police, army. TL 8405-0180. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , June 2001, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e Technical delivery conditions. Cap covers for peaked caps, military police. TL TL8405-0181. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , January 18, 2011, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Federal Ministry of Defense, Center for Inner Leadership: Army Cap. In: Fragdenstaat. January 15, 2018, accessed on February 9, 2018 (dEU).
  10. ↑ a b c d Technical delivery conditions. Embroidered visors. TL 8455-0012. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , February 2002, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Technical delivery conditions. Metal cockade. TL 8455-0004. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , October 1999, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  12. ↑ Technical delivery conditions. Cockades, hand-stitched. TL 8455-0010. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , April 1997, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  13. ↑ a b Technical delivery conditions. Cap badges, metal. TL 8455-0005. (PDF) Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement , February 1994, accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  14. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Volrad von Rauchhaupt: From a colorful skirt to a colorful tie . In: Rudolf Augstein (Ed.): Der Spiegel . No. 25 . Hanover June 20, 1956 ( digitized version (PDF) [accessed on August 12, 2014]).
  15. ↑ a b c Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Third order by the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from June 8, 1959 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1959 , 20 of June 19, 1959. Bonn June 8, 1959, p. 281 ( HTML [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  16. ^ A b Walter Kunstwadl, Jan-Phillip Weisswange: From the monkey jacket to the tropical camouflage suit : The history of the Bundeswehr as reflected in its uniforms and badges . 1st edition. Report-Vlg, 2006, ISBN 3-932385-24-1 .
  17. ↑ The increasingly colorful skirt . In: Der Spiegel . tape 1981 , no. 12 . SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG, March 16, 1981, p. 68 ( digitized version, PDF [accessed on August 5, 2014]).
  18. ^ Wolfgang Schmid: Black - the armored beret. In: www.pzaufkl.de. Wolfgang Schmid, November 5, 2005, archived from the original on August 13, 2014 ; accessed on August 5, 2014 .
  19. ↑ Federal President Theodor Heuss et al .: Order of the Federal President on the rank designations, the appointment and dismissal as well as the uniform of the volunteer soldiers from July 23, 1955 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1955 , 23 of July 25, 1955. Bonn July 23, 1956, p. 452 ff . ( HTML [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  20. ↑ a b c Federal President Heinrich Lübke et al .: Fourth order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from August 9, 1962 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1962 , 34 of August 17, 1962. Bonn August 9, 1962, p. 553 ( HTML [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  21. ^ Federal President Heinrich Lübke et al .: Sixth order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers from May 5, 1966 . In: Federal Law Gazette Part 1 . tape 1966 , 20 of May 13, 1966. Bonn May 5, 1966, p. 325 ff . ( HTML [PDF; accessed May 12, 2015]).
  22. ↑ cf. also BW Schirmmuetzen 1958.jpg and ceremony for the reopening of the Military History Museum of the Bundeswehr (6243130857) .jpg