Weserkraftwerk Bremen
| Weserkraftwerk Bremen | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 3 '41 " N , 8 ° 51' 53" E | |
| country |
 Germany
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| place | Bremen | |
| Waters | Weser | |
| Kilometers of water | km 362.153 | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH & Co. KG | |
| operator | swb Generation AG & Co. KG | |
| Start of planning | June 2001 | |
| construction time | May 2008 - March 2012 | |
| Start of operation | November 30, 2011 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 10 megawatts | |
| Average height of fall |
Depending on the tide, 2 - 6 m | |
| Expansion flow | 220 m³ / s | |
| Standard work capacity | 42 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | 2 Kaplan bulb turbines | |
| Others | ||
| Website | www.weserkraftwerk-bremen.de | |
| was standing | 2016 | |
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The new Weser power station in Bremen on the Weserwehr in Bremen- Hastedt went into operation in 2011 after a three-year construction period - around 24 years after its predecessor was shut down . This run-of-river power plant was built as a largely underground bypass structure on the north bank of the weir system. The plant uses up to 220 m³ / s Weser water, has two turbines with an installed total capacity of 10 megawatts (MW), about 42 million generated kilowatt hours of electricity per year and is to the same period CO 2 - emissions avoided of about 20,748 tons.
The facility is one of the few run-of-river power plants located in the tidal area of a river. At the Bremen Weser weir , the water level below the barrage changes regularly by around 4 meters within an average of 6.2 hours due to the tide . The turbine technology is set up for this special condition, so that the height of fall, which can vary between 2 and 6 m, can be used with high efficiency.
After an ideas competition in 2002, the Weserkraftwerk Bremen entered the approval phase, which led to the planning approval decision at the beginning of 2007. In addition to the technical planning and environmental reports, clarifications and agreements were required on water law, the ownership structure of the land and coordination with the federal water and shipping administration, to which the Weserwehr Bremen is subordinate. Construction began in early 2008. Difficulties in the construction process led to the termination of the contracted construction company at the end of 2009. The construction activities were resumed in early 2010 by a new, regional consortium . Turbine assembly started in October 2010 with the installation of the turbine tubes.
The plant is operated by Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH & Co. KG, in which the Bremen energy supplier swb and the Lower Saxony company Enercon , which is active in the field of renewable energies , each hold 50 percent . Operational management is carried out by swb Generation AG & Co. KG, which uses the control room in the Hastedt power plant located just 450 meters to the east .
Location
The power plant is located in the Hastedt district of Bremen on the right bank of the river immediately next to the Weser weir and leads around the weir in a small arc to the north. The facility is located on the border between the Middle and Lower Weser, so it is exposed to ebb and flow downstream at the weir . The main advantage of positioning on the right bank is the favorable flow conditions on the outer curve of the river.
During the construction phase, the public path over the weir had to remain passable at all times, so that it led pedestrians and cyclists directly through the construction site. In the course of the construction work, an adjacent sports field of the Hastedter TSV was used. This area will be redesigned as a green area in the long term, so that a supplement to the green areas near the shore will be created. As a replacement, the clients financed the association to equip a nearby square with artificial turf .
Building history
Planning
In the course of planning the construction of the new Weser weir, which was carried out between 1989 and 1993, the construction of a new Weser power station was also considered. However, these plans were abandoned in 1999 for economic reasons. The resulting weir system was set up for a possible later integration of a hydropower system through control measures for the so-called sixth weir field.
In 2001, the Bremen Senate Administration initiated a solution under private law by calling for an ideas competition in which eleven companies took part in early 2001. They were able to inspect the available planning documents and, if interested, were asked to submit a concept for the construction and financing of the hydropower plant within two months. Four stakeholders submitted proposals, which were then compared. The proposal of a working group made up of Planet energy GmbH (a subsidiary of the electricity supplier Greenpeace Energy eG), the Bremen-based Tandem investment investment company for ecological projects and a Nattheim construction company was selected. These plans were presented to the public on September 11, 2001. A power plant with an annual energy production of 32 million kilowatt hours and an installed capacity of 5 megawatts was considered . This would have covered the average annual requirement of 9,000 households and saved 28,000 tons of CO 2 in the same period . The concept optionally provided for expansion to 10 MW. The design, the cost of which was estimated at 35 million German marks , was the only one of the four applicants who met the requirements of the waterways and shipping administration for a construction method compatible with the military as far as possible. The idea of the so-called “citizen power plant”, which provided for broad citizen participation via an investment fund to finance the project, attracted particular attention. In this way, at least nine million euros of the costs should be raised.
The consortium assumed that the Senate of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen would make all the necessary preliminary decisions by the end of 2001 and that the necessary planning approval procedure could have been carried out in 2002 . The first groundbreaking was supposed to take place for the 2003 general election ; it was assumed that it would go into operation by 2005 at the latest. The electricity generated should be fed into the public grid within the framework of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). An additional viewing platform and a restaurant should make the Weser power station a destination and an attraction in Bremen.
The Aurich company Enercon, which was internationally known as a manufacturer of wind turbines, showed interest in developing new turbines especially for the conditions at the Bremen location at the beginning of 2002. A few years were estimated for this development.
The consortium was finally transformed in 2004 into the legal successor Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH , which had the technical planning and environmental reports drawn up, as they were required as the basis of a plan approval procedure. In addition, clarifications and agreements were required on water law, the ownership structure of the land and coordination with the federal water and shipping administration, to which the Weserwehr Bremen is subordinate. In spring 2005, the former competitors raised allegations against the Bremen environmental department. Jürgen Franke, former managing director of the Bremen Energy Advisory Board and co-founder of the WeserStrom Cooperative, criticized the authority's decision to award the contract in 2002. According to the initial plans, the first electricity from hydropower should have been supplied as early as 2005, favoring Planet energy GmbH and Tandem GmbH, however, led to considerable delays.
In his function as the Upper Water Authority, the Senator for Building, Environment and Transport finally issued the planning approval on January 31, 2007, and the implementation planning for the construction began. In February 2007, the total investment was estimated at 28 million euros, about a third of which was to be made in the context of public participation. A corresponding offer of participation should be submitted around the beginning of 2008 after reliable data and results from the tendering and bidding procedures have been received. The inauguration date was announced for December 2009. The output was increased to 10 megawatts, because with the Renewable Energy Sources Act, the upper limit of 5 MW for the remuneration of electricity from new hydropower plants no longer applies . The new power plant should deliver 38 million kilowatt hours, save 32,500 tons of CO 2 and supply the equivalent of 12,500 households.
The construction work was put out to tender at the end of 2007 and commissioned in early 2008. On March 4th, Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH was transferred to Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH & Co. KG . 51 percent of the shares should continue to be available to private individuals interested in subscribing, with shares of between EUR 2,500 and EUR 250,000 being offered. The companies Enercon (Aurich) and swb AG (Bremen) each took part with 24.5 percent. The Bremer Landesbank gave the commitment for debt financing over a period of 30 years if would meet by private investors do not have enough capital.
The first year of construction
At the beginning of May 2008 the groundbreaking ceremony took place to start construction. After setting up the construction site, four separate construction pits were created with the help of bored pile walls . A total of 350 bored piles with a length of 23 meters each and diameters between 1.20 and 1.50 meters were set. The first two pits were later to house the intake structure and the turbine hall. Citizens' participation was still held fast; the publication of the participation prospectus was postponed to summer 2008. In the meantime, the investment volume had increased significantly and amounted to around 40 million euros. In spring 2009, according to the planning, the headrace and the outlet structure should be built.
It is a demanding structure that was erected right next to the river and in building pits that sometimes reach far below the water level. Schedule was also a flood protection ensured. When work was stopped on December 3, 2008 with a view to the winter floods, it was announced that although the special civil engineering work in connection with the bored pile walls had been 75 percent completed, there would otherwise have been significant delays compared to the contractually agreed construction schedule that "a not inconsiderable postponement of the completion date is to be expected." Due to this, the participation of interested investors in the Weserkraftwerk was postponed to the coming year 2009.
Development after the change of ownership
Enercon and swb increased their shares significantly on July 17, 2009 and have since then - since Planet energy GmbH and Tandem GmbH left the project at the same time - with 50 percent equal shareholders each. A container village with its own project and construction management was set up on the Weser weir in order to be able to participate more closely in the operational operations of the construction site. In addition, the companies increased the staffing capacities that were used to coordinate construction work. Commissioning is now planned for the end of 2010; Project risks that had arisen in the meantime meant that the planned public participation was abandoned.
On December 18 of the same year it became known that the construction progress was again massively delayed and the completion of the power plant was not expected until mid-2011. Thereupon the owner company separated from the executing consortium with immediate effect due to the loss of confidence. Up to this point in time, extensive concrete work had been carried out on the powerhouse and the inlet structure, as well as earthworks on the outlet structure. After the winter break, swb and Enercon awarded the main construction contract on March 30, 2010 to a bidding consortium of two regional companies with branches in Bremen. These construction companies set up the orphaned construction site again and started their work there from mid-May. The possible date for the commissioning of the hydropower plant was now the end of 2011 - at the same time, however, the company also stated that the construction cost of 40 million euros initially estimated will by far not be enough, and this led to imponderables, also in connection with the separation from previous building consortium, back.
On October 11, 2010, what was probably the most popular moment of the construction phase took place when two 130-tonne S-pipes measuring 14 meters × 7 meters × 9 meters were transported upriver on a pontoon from the industrial ports. Enercon had previously manufactured them in Stralsund and then had them transported by ship to Bremen. The people of Bremen were able to follow the slow journey from the Schlachte promenade, among other places . The next day, a 1,200-tonne heavy-duty crane lifted the pipes onto the construction site, and on October 13th they were lowered into the construction pit. Between the middle and the end of October, the bottom was poured with underwater concrete at a depth of nine meters over a period of two weeks . At the end of August 2011, the turbines were installed in the power house.
The northern (landside) of them was put into operation for the first time on November 11, 2011 and completed a successful test run. Its official trial start on November 30th was the occasion for the opening ceremony of the Weser power station. Ultimately, the construction costs amounted to 56.5 million euros. On March 1, 2012, the plant with both turbines started regular operation. Only remaining work had to be carried out on the new structure and in the surrounding area. The work on the green spaces extended until 2014.
The outdoor facilities around the Weser weir and the power station have now been restored and a new park “Am Weserwehr” built next to the power station. The system cost around 650,000 euros, was planned for four years and built for one year. The specialty of the park is that it was partly built on the private property of the power plant operator.
Technology and construction
The Bremen Weser power plant is a run-of-river power plant (type: diversion power plant , type: loop power plant ) and was largely built underground, so that only the trash rack cleaning system with part of the inlet structure and the structures of the power house are visible on the surface as fixed points. For the construction of the more than 600 meter long Weser power station, a soil excavation of almost 100,000 m³ was required. The primary building materials were 15,000 m³ of structural concrete and 2,000 tons of steel. No oil-based lubricants are used in the entire system; instead, all roller bearings and drives are water- lubricated . A model of the power plant was located in the entrance area of the Bremer Landesbank from January 2009 and later in the Übersee-Museum .
Intake structure
About 36 meters upstream of the weir, part of the Weser water is branched off from the dam on the right-hand side, almost at right angles to the direction of flow. The inlet structure is 42 meters wide, can absorb up to 220 m³ / s and has a 50 centimeter high inlet edge at its bottom to hold back sediments .
On its front side, it has a so-called coarse screen with five centimeter thick round bars 40 centimeters apart. These are attached in sleeves that lead through the accessible access platform above. If one of the bars needs to be replaced, it can be easily pulled out. The task of the coarse crushing is to keep branches and tree trunks washed ashore or other large debris. The bottom of the intake structure then drops by two meters in order to offer the water a sufficiently large inflow surface at the subsequent fine screen. This is eight meters high, consists of six individual fields, each seven meters wide, and has around 1200 bars with opening widths of just 2.5 centimeters. The passage of foreign bodies up to 15 centimeters in diameter is not a problem for the turbines, but the small distance between the rods is primarily intended to keep fish away (see: Section fish protection ). This also explains the reason for the unusual width of the intake structure: the bars alone take up almost 100 square meters and thus a third of the area of the fine screen. Almost all floating debris (called blockages) that could still pass the coarse screen gets caught on the fine screen. Six cleaning machines, made of flat and round steel, work continuously to keep the fine screen permeable to the process water. The large arms pull the debris from the bottom up over the rake apron into a drainage channel.
Columns located in the intake structure between the coarse and fine screens have a support function for the roofing and serve as guides for three dam boards with which the system can be drained for inspections or repairs.
The headwater from the Weser flows to the right through the coarse screen to the cleaning basin.
The cleaning basin for the headwater; blue the cleaning machines for the fine rake
Heron, regular guest on the edge of the fine rake, behind the drain for water containing floating debris
The upper edge of the fine screen shimmers through dark spots in the water.
Headrace
The service water flows from the intake structure into the headrace, which feeds it underground to the turbines. After just a few meters, it is deflected in a westerly direction over an approximately 90 ° bend and tapers to a width of 14 and a height of 8 meters.
Almost 35 meters before the transition to the power house, the canal bends downwards and widens to 19.35 meters. For the last 30 meters, a central wall from the power house protrudes into the canal. It statically intercepts the increased span of the overburden due to the widening of the canal and divides the water flow between the two turbines.
Power house and turbines
The rectangular headrace channel merges into a round cross-section in the power house (also called machine or turbine house). These two pressure pipes taper to a diameter of about 4.5 meters, which accelerates the flow. The power house is the heart of the power plant. It consists of solid, water-impermeable concrete and, due to its height, can be entered even in the event of a flood. Access is via a structure at the western end with stairs and a freight elevator. This part of the building also has two floors with sanitary and social rooms, an office with monitoring equipment, a meeting room, a workshop, a warehouse for spare parts and supplies, and a medium-voltage switchgear. A 30-ton crane is installed in the machine hall of the power house - which also houses all the units and ancillary units for the power plant technology and power transmission - which can lift individual machines or machine parts one level higher for inspection or repair work. From there, they can be lifted into the open through a large assembly opening with a sliding roof through which daylight also falls. At the transition from the headrace to the power house, the turbines can be isolated from the process water individually by protective panels. As an equivalent measure at the other end of the building, both outflow parts at the suction pipe end can be sealed off by individually driven and flood-proof revision closures .
The low-pressure turbines lie horizontally in specially made S-tubes in the power house, have a diameter of around 4.50 meters and, as so-called low-speed turbines, only rotate at most 90 times per minute, which reduces wear and increases the service life. The S-tube geometry ensures that the turbines are always accessible in the event of repair or maintenance work. They are composed (in the direction of flow) of an impeller with four adjustable, variable blades, each weighing almost 2.5 tons, and the impeller hub as a fastening with internal adjustment devices , a 1.20 meters behind it, a 30-ton diffuser with nine adjustable diffuser blades and the surrounding impeller shell. Due to the horizontal arrangement, there is no need to change the direction of flow of the process water, which is otherwise common with vertical alignment. Since the inlet shaft, turbine and the 19-meter-long suction pipe are all in one line, it instead flows directly to the turbines without any loss of energy, which also reduces the risk of cavitation . The water sets the impeller in a rotational movement and thus converts the potential energy of the water into rotational energy . The shaft transmits the power directly without a gearbox to the generator, which they in 400 volts - AC reacted. This is to tens of kilovolts and frequency redirected and in the medium-voltage network of the distribution network operator swb networks fed. Enercon developed the turbines especially for the conditions at the Bremen location with a comparatively low gradient and changing operating conditions. The latter are decisive for the fact that the turbines can only access the full amount of process water for a total of 180 days per year; the rest of the time they run with reduced performance. Their speed variability , however, results in a significant increase in the electricity yield of almost ten percent compared to conventional grid-synchronized turbines, since such classic double-regulated (coordination of the ratio between impeller and guide wheel position) Kaplan turbines do not make good use of the gradient fluctuations at the barrage caused by the tide could. Another innovation is the design of the turbines as so-called windward rotors: By positioning the diffuser behind the actual turbine wheel, the swirled water is brought to rest again very quickly.
The turbines have been developed as a so-called “minimum gap runner” according to a holistic concept. This is possible because the hub has a fully spherical shape. In large parts of its adjustment range, the rotor blade can thus rest very closely on the hub around its fastening axis. Since the opposite edge of the impeller and the surrounding impeller casing are also shaped accordingly, the adapted impeller is enabled to move only with an extremely small distance from the casing. The gap width is only one to two millimeters.
Outlet structure
In the outlet structure, after passing the turbines, the water flows back into the Weser about 100 meters downstream of the weir. The bottom rises initially by 10 ° and after 23 meters reaches the level of the river bed. The adjoining horizontal run-out area is equipped with pouring stones that have been fixed with concrete. From the power house to the entry on the right-hand side of the fish ladder, five striking concrete girders also span the water. These should support the outer walls.
Fish protection
Comprehensive measures to protect the ichthyofauna were implemented to compensate for the construction of the power plant . A total of around ten percent of the total investment went into these concepts, which project manager Dietrich Heck rated in January 2009 as unique in the world.
Ascent
In addition to the existing fish ladder on the left bank of the Weser, which was made necessary by the construction of the weir in 1993, a second fish path was laid on the right-hand side around the power plant. It is primarily used for ascent, but - as the exit in the Mittelweser is in a calm eddy zone - it can also be used for descent.
It is a so-called bottom ramp that is almost 210 meters long and overcomes a height difference of up to seven meters with a maximum gradient of 2.85 percent when the water is low. Due to the positioning in the tidal range of fluctuations in the Lower Weser, special precautions were required when designing the entrance, since the height of the entrance and the current situation constantly change with the water level. The designers developed a variable and height-adjustable access device. This not only ensures an adjustment of the entry height, but also a constant attraction flow. This is additionally reinforced by a pump with a wide nozzle . A separate entrance is always open after the river bed , which allows fish and invertebrates to migrate close to the riverbed without any problems. Accordingly, the exit in the Central Weser is also connected to the river bed. The fish passage has coarse gravel as the bottom substrate and is equipped with larger steering and disturbing stones in order to obtain a channel that is as natural as possible. The setting of the stones was designed to create rest and relaxation areas as well as more restless flow passages.
descent
To protect the fish migrating downstream, particular care had to be taken to ensure that they are not drawn into the turbine channel. With narrow opening widths of only 2.5 cm, the fine screen keeps all larger fish from swimming in the direction of the turbines. The slide bars are tapered towards the rear and are intended to prevent the animals from jamming. The dimensions of the intake structure also ensure that the inflow velocity does not exceed 0.7 m / s. This means that no animals are pressed against the fine rake, but can swim away on their own and pass the fish descent. Any fish that have drifted or jammed on the rake are lifted off by the shovel-comb-shaped rakes of the rake cleaning system, which grip between the bars at a very shallow angle and are not sheared or squeezed.
Overall, there are three different possibilities for the fish to descend safely. On the one hand, the upper edge of the rake is always overflowed with 20 cm of water and goes first into a 1.30 meter wide drainage channel (the one that also uses the rake cleaning system) and then into a pipe with a longitudinal gradient of one percent that goes directly into the underwater leads. This system is called salmonids - Bypass called because it is specifically designed for migrating fish to the surface. If the stowage destination is higher, the movable damper is adjusted accordingly, so that the 20 cm are maintained and around four cubic meters per second flow into the channel. Finding the overflow is made easier by the fact that the rake is clearly inclined at 68 ° and is also curved in the upper third towards the drainage channel. In the fine screen, the fish hindered from migrating towards the turbine can also access other bypass systems. These consist of pipes running horizontally behind the rake - one about halfway up and one in the bottom area. The entry windows are 15 cm high, almost 75 cm wide and spread over the entire width of the rake. An increased flow velocity in the pipes is intended to act as an attraction flow. In both systems, 1.7 m³ / s flow off at a speed of up to 4 m / s. The windows open via stub lines with a diameter of 40 cm into two separate collecting lines with a gradually increasing cross-section, which run along the base of the intake structure, lead out laterally and open into the drainage pipe of the drainage channel. The subsequent joint line reaches the Lower Weser a little later. At no point does a fish standing in front of the fine screen have to swim more than 2.50 meters to find a safe way down.
Smaller fish that have not found the opportunity to descend and have passed the fine screen are fed to the turbine system. The Kaplan bulb turbines there, however, are used as so-called "minimal gap runner" and their design minimizes the risk of injury. In addition, they offer the fish opportunities to survive due to their slow rotation.
criticism
At the beginning of March 2007, the Association of German Sport Fishermen, the State Fisheries Association of Bremen and the State Sport Fishermen Association of Lower Saxony (LSFV) filed a lawsuit against the construction of the Weser power station with the administrative court of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . It was directed against the decision of the Senator for Building, Environment and Transport, who had approved the planning approval procedure. On November 29, a hearing that lasted more than six hours took place during which the court made it clear that it did not consider the plaintiffs' arguments to be convincing. As a result, the lawsuit was dismissed. The clubs took the appeal of Appeals true, however, failed on June 3, 2009, before the Higher Administrative Court of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen .
An article in the daily newspaper Die Welt of 22 January 2009 came the diploma - biologist Beate Adam from the Department of Freshwater Ecology Kirtorfer Institute for Applied Ecology to speak to an expert in the field of eel migration applies. She expressed her concern that the new power plant would block the way for the fish from the rivers into the open sea and said: “The backbones of the fish will be broken, body parts will be torn or life-threateningly damaged. The Bremen power plant clogs the bottleneck between the Weser system and the sea ”. She went on to say that male eels are much smaller than females and that laboratory tests have shown that only a calculation span of 15 millimeters can deter the male fish. Against this background, she described the Bremen ideas for fish protection at the Weserkraftwerk, based on the description of the owner company, as unique - but only because no one else would implement them because of their nonsense. "Migrating eels can be driven, even with low currents they no longer have the strength to look for new paths," she argued. The article author also wrote that a new weir had been placed across the river for the Weser power station so that the turbines could run. This would block access to the sea and no fish would come by. LSFV President Peter Rössing said that the power plant was politically wanted and that the network of red-green state government and eco-investors was too tight. He said: "We have to come to the Federal Administrative Court so that we can get rid of the political pressure".
On the same day, Greenpeace published a statement and accused the world journalist of technical ignorance. It is by no means the case that a new weir was laid across the river for the Weser power station. A Weser weir, which serves to protect the Hanseatic city from flooding, has existed since 1912, they argued, referring to the fish ladder on the left. “The hydropower plant only uses the weir that has existed for many years. In the course of the power plant construction, additional possibilities are now being created for fish to get up the river. These special fish ladders cannot be found in any of the other five hydropower plants that already exist on the Weser. During operation, the river water constantly overflows the weir system. This is considered to be one of the most effective measures for fish migration, because the animals usually follow the natural flow and thus travel downstream with the current. The article distorts and falsifies the facts about the Weser power plant in an irresponsible way, ”explained Marcel Keiffenheim, spokesman for Greenpeace Energy.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jörg Esser: "Groundbreaking Project" on Kreiszeitung.de (district newspaper Syke from December 1, 2011. Found on December 1, 2011)
- ↑ Measured against the nationwide electricity mix, as of November 2011. Source for the environmental impacts of the nationwide electricity mix: “Information on electricity labeling” on swb-gruppe.de (swb AG), accessed on November 29, 2011
- ↑ Senator for Building, Environment and Transport Bremen: "The Weserkraftwerk is being built" [1] , press release of Feb. 5, 2007
- ↑ taz of July 6, 1990: "Flood Pope: Hydroelectric power plant no problem"
- ^ Radio Bremen, Buten un Binnen: "Plans for a new Weserkraftwerk" [mediathek from www.radio-bremen.de], September 11th. 2011
- ↑ http://www.weserstrom-genossenschaft.de/ Announcements of the WeserStrom cooperative dated December 12, 2006
- ^ Report in the daily newspaper from March 2, 2005.
- ^ Bremen - green electricity with citizen participation , on sein.de
- ↑ swb press release of December 3, 2008
- ↑ "SWB and Enercon split up due to delays in construction companies" on weser-ems.business-on.de ( business on - the regional business portal of December 22, 2009. Found on November 30, 2011)
- ↑ "Construction stop at Weserkraftwerk" on taz.de ( the daily newspaper from December 19, 2009. Found on November 30, 2011)
- ↑ Press release from swb, Enercon and Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH & Co. KG dated November 30, 2011
- ↑ Press release of March 12, 2012 from Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH
- ^ "New green space on the Weserwehr" in the Weser-Kurier, accessed on July 7, 2013
- ↑ Weser Report of January 25, 2009, page 6: "Weserkraftwerk in Landesbank"
- ↑ http://www.uebersee-museum.de/ausstellungen/staendige-ausstellungen/erleben-was-die-welt-bewegt
- ^ Electricity from the Weser ( Memento from January 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Federal Network Agency power plant list (nationwide; all network and transformer levels) as of July 2nd, 2012. ( Microsoft Excel file, 1.6 MiB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved July 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Product information from VOITH GmbH on MGR technology, status: 05/2011. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 11, 2014 ; accessed on September 11, 2014 .
- ^ "Sustainable Investment for Bremen" in BWK - the specialist energy magazine , special edition from issue 3/2011
- ↑ “When fishermen play the protectors of the fish.” Taz.de , November 30, 2007, accessed on November 23, 2011.
- ^ "OVG Bremen, judgment v. 06/03/2009 - 1 A 7/09 - [Bremen-Hemelingen hydropower plant]. “ Naturschutzrecht.eu, accessed on November 23, 2011.
- ↑ David Schraven : "The environmental problem of Greenpeace." In: Die Welt , January 22, 2009.
- ↑ Jan Haase: "Weserkraftwerk Bremen: Criticism with false facts" ( Memento from November 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). greenpeace.de, January 22, 2009, accessed on November 23, 2011.
swell
Frank M. Rauch: The Weser barrage near Bremen: Framework conditions for a hydropower plant yesterday and today. Journal of Hydrology and Water Management , Volume 47, Issue 2, April 2003.
See also
Web links
- Weserkraftwerk Bremen
- Construction and operation of a hydropower plant on the Weser weir in Bremen-Hemelingen. Explanatory report by Weserkraftwerk Bremen GmbH, January 2006 (PDF; 997 kB) ( Memento from December 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- Base load capable despite the tide. energy spectrum, No. 3, 2012
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