Hastedt
Hastedt is a part of the Hemelingen district in Bremen .
geography
Hastedt is about four to five kilometers east of the center of Bremen on the right bank of the Weser . The neighboring districts are the Vahr in the north, Obervieland in the south, the eastern suburb in the west and the Hemelingen district in the east .
history
The name
The former name Herstede can probably be traced back to the term Heeresstätte , since the armed forces that besieged the city of Bremen found a conveniently located place to quarter here. The peasants were exposed to the soldiers without protection.
The village
The village of Hastedt, first mentioned as Herstede in 1226 , belonged to the ore monastery of Langwedel Vogtei in the Middle Ages , to the Achim district in the 15th century and to Sweden in 1649 .
In 1547, during the siege of Bremen in the Schmalkaldic War , Hastedt was even completely destroyed. There were also great losses during the siege of Bremen by the Swedes from 1625 to 1627 in the Thirty Years' War and in 1666 in the Second Bremen-Swedish War . Later came the French soldiers in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) and under Napoleon (1806–1813).
The Jews living in Hastedt laid out the Jewish cemetery in Deichbruchstrasse in 1796 . When Hastedt came to the Bremen rural community in 1803, the grave complex became Bremen's official Jewish cemetery.
The street name of the three piles is reminiscent of the former border between Bremen and Hastedt. This ran at the height of today's Stader Strasse . Since Hastedt became part of the former Prussian Hemelingen, the area between Stader Strasse and Georg-Bitter-Strasse no longer belongs to Hastedt, but to the eastern suburb of the city. The Hastedter Feldmark , an area previously cultivated by the Hastedter farmers, no longer belongs to Hastedt, but roughly corresponds to today's garden city Vahr.
The farmers
The first settlers in the village were farmers. There were probably two farms here as early as the first centuries AD. In the 16th century, the peasantry had grown to twelve farms, and now there were also Köthner and Brinksitzer, who had less, only leased land and mostly also operated a craft or trade.
The land belonged to the landlords until the 19th century, initially only to the archbishop's court and the cathedral chapter, later also to the Rembertistift , the Johanniskloster , the commandery and a citizen of Bremen. The peasants were obliged to pay taxes and services to their landlords. It was not until the 19th century that they could buy their way out of it and thus became the owners of their land. Soon afterwards, agriculture was no longer profitable in the previous framework, as the beginning of industrialization meant that the former workers could earn more in the factories and the leasing of the land brought in more than the processing. Almost all large farms were destroyed in World War II. Only one farm, which was sold to a master carpenter Kracke around 1912, survived the war and is still run as the Kracke joinery today.
Recent developments
Hastedt has belonged to the then newly created rural community of Bremen since 1803 and was incorporated into the city of Bremen in 1902. Hastedt has been part of Bremen-Hemelingen since 1939 .
The Hastedter Heerstraße from the street At the three stakes up to the Sebaldsbrücker Heerstraße in Bremen is the street with the sixth highest house number (No. 447) and the main street of the district. It was expanded in 1812 and was called Hastedter Chaussee until 1915 .
There was a botanical garden in Hastedt from 1905 to 1937 , which was financed by the Bremen merchant and patron Franz Schütte . Part of the site on the corner of Osterdeich and Georg-Bitter-Straße remained undeveloped and overgrown. Only after 2000 were the last traces removed when a car dealership was built.
Settlements and buildings
In the street square Bismarckstrasse , Bennigsenstrasse , Bei den Drei Pfätze and Stader Strasse , the Westphalian settlement was built between the First and Second World War , which consists of very small houses for people with low incomes. Street names are rivers from Westphalia: Ruhr , Wupper , Emscher etc. This area is popularly known as Little Mexico . The settlement was hardly destroyed during the war, or it was rebuilt in the same form.
The Focke-Wulf settlement was established in 1938 in the Auf der Hohwisch / Georg-Bitter-Strasse area and was originally intended for workers from the Focke-Wulf aircraft works. Two air raid shelters were built into each house during construction.
The Protestant Church of the Resurrection in Hastedt was built in 1958/59 and the Catholic parish of St. Elisabeth has existed since 1924.
Population development
Hastedts population development
- 1780: 326 inhabitants
- 1812: 756 inhabitants
- 1823: 1,124 inhabitants
- 1885: 4,525 inhabitants
- 1895: 6,120 inhabitants
- 1905: 7,817 inhabitants
- 1955: 14,730 inhabitants
- 1975: 11,593 inhabitants
- 1995: 10,833 inhabitants
- 2007: 10,147 inhabitants
- 2013: 10,444 inhabitants
economy
The customs border created by Oldenburg and Hanover in 1854 and existing until 1888 made Bremen and thus also Hastedt a customs foreign country, so that industry first settled in neighboring Hemelingen. The neighboring Hastedt was still rural and became the preferred place of residence for the factory workers, who lived there in small houses and often also leased a small piece of vegetable land.
In 1907 there was a sudden and simultaneous settlement of several large industrial companies:
- the newly established NAMAG automobile and engine plant in Föhrenstrasse
- the "Bremer Karosserie-Werke Louis Gärtner mbH", initially a manufacturer of wagons in Bremen since 1880, also relocated the company to Föhrenstrasse
- the Norddeutsche Waggonfabrik on Quintschlag
A major reason was the construction of the Hastedt power station in 1907 to supply electricity. The Hemelinger Bahnhof, to which sidings were built, and the Hemelinger Hafen were also nearby.
NAMAG Hansa-Lloyd was formed in 1914 through merger . In 1915 parts of the former NAMAG were spun off as Lloyd Dynamowerke . This work still exists today.
In 1928, the Goliath works initially took over the former Louis Gärtner body shop. After the merger with Hansa-Lloyd and the purchase of additional production space, the automobile manufacturer Borgward was created here . The aircraft manufacturer Focke-Wulf moved into the premises of the Norddeutsche Waggonfabrik, which was closed in 1930 .
The Hanseatische Silberwarenfabrik moved to Osterdeich 241 in 1925. When the Second World War broke out, it became a supplier for armaments production in the neighboring Borgward and Focke-Wulff factories.
Due to the concentration of armaments factories, Hastedt was a preferred target for Allied air raids during World War II . Like the neighboring residential areas, the factories were almost completely destroyed.
In 1946, Hansa Waggonbau GmbH was established on the former site of the Norddeutsche Waggonfabrik and went bankrupt in 1975.
The part of the former industrial area closest to the city opposite the tram terminus, the former Borgward production facilities, was built on with the Hansa-Carré shopping center .
Weser weir and Weser power station Bremen
The Weser weir in Hastedt was built on the basis of the state treaty with the then state of Prussia in 1906 to enable the river to travel with larger ships and to prevent a further lowering of the low water level above Bremen and the groundwater level. In 1911 the construction, which also included a hydroelectric power station, was completed. After the flood disaster in 1981 , the Weser weir was rebuilt. This construction was completed in 1993. Then the old Weser weir was demolished. The adjacent Bremer Weser lock consists of two chambers, a large shipping lock and a boat lock . In 2011 the new hydropower plant went into operation alongside the new weir .
traffic
Road traffic
Hastedt has always been important for east-west traffic, with the location of the streets changing several times. Originally the old Poststrasse ran through the village (today: street names at the three stakes - Hastedter Heerstrasse - Alter Postweg ).
From 1812 to 1814, a new paved road was laid here under French occupation. The new road should actually lead in a straight line past the village along today's Stresemannstrasse through the best cornland of the Hastedter farmers, which prevented their protests. So the old, winding road was paved, but east of the village along a new route that no longer led through the old post route (today also Hastedter Heerstraße ). A toll house was also built there and until 1902 a fee for using the highway had to be paid.
As a result of the great breach of the dike in 1830 (see flood in Bremen ), of which the Deichbruchstrasse still reminds us today , the Osterdeich was created in 1890, which not only served as flood protection, but also created an additional road connection.
The federal road 75 (from 1949, earlier trunk road , from 1932 FVS 71 , from 1934 R 71 , from 1936 to 1949 R75 ) led the road traffic over the Osterdeich and the Föhrenstrasse through Hastedt. The last redesign took place in the 1960s: With the new construction of Stresemannstrasse and Malerstrasse as well as the expansion of the formerly small residential street Pfalzburger Strasse to extend the Hemelinger motorway feeder, the current state was achieved.
The Karl-Carstens-Bridge , the so-called Strawberry Bridge , has been connecting Hastedt with habenhausen since 1970 . It initially ended with a confluence with the Osterdeich. In 2001 the extension, Georg-Bitter-Strasse, was also expanded for car traffic.
tram
A horse-drawn tram was built in 1879 and electrified in 1900. Not much has changed in the route since 1911: Line 2 of the Bremen tram on the main connection to Sebaldsbrück follows precisely the winding route through Hastedt that Napoleon had paved in 1814. Line 3 runs parallel to Hamburger Strasse, initially to the Hohwisch depot, since 1939 it has been extended through Fleetrade to the new Weserwehr terminus .
railroad
The Wunstorf – Bremen railway line was laid across Hastedt in 1847 and the Wanne-Eickel – Hamburg line parallel to it in 1873 ; There was and does not exist a train station in this area. However, after 1906, additional freight sidings were laid from the Hemelingen freight station to the newly emerging Hastedter industrial companies.
Churches
Hastedt originally did not have a church, but belonged to Bremen parishes. The Hastedter Kirchenbauverein was founded in 1862 . After collecting money, the new Hastedter Church was inaugurated that same year. But it was not until 1867 that the independent Evangelical Church Community in Hastedt could be founded. The first pastor since 1868 was Ernst Christian Achelis , who later became professor for practical theology at the Philipps University of Marburg . His son Hans Achelis , who was also a professor of theology, was born in Hastedt. The community exists to this day and is now called the Alt-Hastedt parish , as it is no longer in Hastedt after Hastedter lost territory.
The Protestant church in the district has been the Resurrection Community with the Resurrection Church in Hastedt at Drakenburger Straße 42 since 1959 , which was built in 1958/59 according to plans by Carsten Schröck .
The Catholic parish of St. Elisabeth in Hastedt existed from 1924 to 2007. Since then it has belonged to the St. Johann provost . The Catholic Church was built in 1931 as a semicircular structure and was completely destroyed in the last heavy air raid on Bremen in 1945. An inconspicuous, simple new building on Suhrfeldstrasse has existed since 1968.
Sports
In Hastedt there was the civil sports club MTV Hastedt since 1861 and the workers sports club TSV Vorwärts Hastedt from 1897 , which was banned from 1933 to 1945. In 1947 both clubs merged to form the Hastedter Turn- und Sportverein (HTSV) , which has had its own sports hall on Jakobsberg since 1972.
The municipal ice rink in Bremen was also located on Jakobsberg. It opened in September 1963, was still open in the 1970s, and was demolished by the 1990s at the latest. Today there is an artificial turf pitch of the HTSV, which was made available to the club in exchange for a former sports field, the area of which was required for the construction of the Weserkraftwerk Bremen .
Eberlein river bathing establishment
The banks of the Weser in Hastedt largely consisted of a sandy beach. In 1885 a bathing club was founded, which in 1887 opened a river bathing establishment for men below the Weser weir. The bathing attendant was Bernhard Eberlein. From 1890 onwards, it was only open to women by the hour, until a second bathing area for women was added next to it in 1895. The facility was handed over to the city of Bremen in 1902, and Eberlein became the official lifeguard.
After severe flood damage in 1925, the pool was enlarged and rebuilt a little further down the Weser below the Jakobsberg. Now there were two beach sections, each 90 meters wide, for women and men, in the middle a dam-like jetty for the lifeguard Johann Eberlein (1883–1931), who took over as the son of the lifeguard, who has since died. He allegedly saved 73 people from drowning but drowned himself while fishing in November 1931. In his honor, the facility was officially named "Eberlein River Bathing Establishment" in 1932.
Large parts of the complex were destroyed in the Second World War. After the war, large areas of rubble were dumped in the Hastedter area of the Weser. The entire Hastedter sandy beach, especially in the area of the bathing establishment and the sandy beach "Lido" downstream, were buried. The areas were later planted with greenery. At that time it was assumed that for health reasons it would no longer be possible to swim in the Weser in the future anyway, so that not even the local sports club HTSV advocated the preservation of the natural beach.
The Eberlein river bathing establishment was last used in 1953, remained closed from 1954 and was demolished in 1959. A memorial stone for Johann Eberlein on Jakobsberg was inaugurated in 1988 and restored in 2017 after being destroyed.
literature
- Angelika Timm, Anne Dünzelmann : Hastedt - A village becomes a district. Publisher: Neighborhood Hastedt eV, Bremen. Project leader: Wilhelm D. Rathjen (1990)
Individual evidence
- ^ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 15
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 20
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 28
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 25
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, pp. 22/23
- ^ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 219
- ↑ https://kleinmexiko.de/kmx_ort1.html
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 92
- ^ Until 1995: Herbert Schwarzwälder : Das Große Bremen-Lexikon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X , from 2007 State Statistical Office Bremen : District Hemelingen, population on December 31, 2013. Data for 1895: Municipal directory Germany 1900 - district of the Bremen region
- ↑ a b Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 97
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 45
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 101
- ↑ Hansa-Carré shopping center
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 75
- ^ Tree islands and less traffic, Weser-Kurier of September 13, 2001, p. 11, online only for subscribers
- ↑ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, p. 194
- ↑ That was Bremen in the 1960s , picture no. 50, on www.weser-kurier.de
- ^ Hastedt - A village becomes a district, pp. 215–217
- ^ Bernhard Warnken: Why Badeanstalt - especially in the Schloßpark , Weser-Kurier of March 12, 1954, p. 4, online only for subscribers
- ↑ Gabriele Brünings: Yes, the Eberlein ... , Weser-Kurier of August 28, 1988, p. 4, online only for subscribers
- ↑ Detlev Scheil: Johann Eberlein unforgotten , Weser-Kurier of October 16, 2017, online
Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ N , 8 ° 52 ′ E