Jane Goodall

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Jane goodall (2019)
Jane Goodall Signature.png

Dame Jane Goodall (born April 3, 1934 in London ) is a British behavioral scientist who began studying the behavior of chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960 . In order to promote the preservation of the primate habitats and thus the protection of their species , she founded the Jane Goodall Institute , which seeks to improve the treatment and understanding of primates through public education and legal representation, and wants to strengthen cooperation with local communities and win and train young people for these tasks.

meaning

Goodall is next Dian Fossey ( gorillas ) and Birutė Galdikas ( orangutans ) one of three women who at the suggestion of paleoanthropologists Louis Leakey beginning of the 1960s, long-term studies on apes began. Leakey and the three researchers suspected that observations of behavior could be used to draw conclusions about the evolution of behavior over the course of human tribal history .

Life

Goodall was born as Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall. Her father, Mortimer Morris-Goodall, was an automobile racing driver and motorsport official.

After finishing school, Goodall first attended a school for secretaries. In 1957, however, she realized her long-cherished dream of getting to know Africa . At the invitation of a former schoolmate, she traveled to Kenya . She found a job at the Kenya National Museum and came into contact with its director Louis Leakey . In 1962 the Dutch Baron Hugo van Lawick was sent to Kenya by the National Geographic Society to make a film. Van Lawick and Goodall were married on March 28, 1964. She took on the double name Jane Van Lawick-Goodall. In 1967 her son Hugo was born, whose early childhood years in Africa she described in the 1988 photo book for children Grub: The Bush Baby .

Although Goodall had not previously studied and therefore did not have the minimum required bachelor's degree , she was allowed to enroll for a doctorate in ethology at the University of Cambridge from 1962 with a very seldom granted exemption in recognition of her exceptionally productive behavioral observations. She graduated with success in 1965. She first appeared on television in 1965 in Miss Goodall and the Wild Chimpanzees (the first film ever produced by National Geographic ), which her husband Hugo van Lawick shot with her. The old footage was used again in 2017 for the documentary "Jane" by director Brett Morgan, which was released in 2018 with music by Philip Glass .

Much of what we learned about chimpanzees can be traced back to Jane Goodall's work. She discovered that chimpanzees are capable of using tools : firstly, they break off branches and use them to fish termites from the holes in their burrows; on the other hand, they use stones as hammers and anvils to blow up nutshells. Goodall also found out that chimpanzees also eat meat and even hunt other species of monkeys together and attack other groups of chimpanzees in groups.

In 1971 her first major work, In the Shadow of Man , was published, in which she described in great detail the individuality and personal dramas of the chimpanzees she observed. Goodall was one of the first researchers to give the animals she observed not numbers, but names. At the time, this practice met with rejection in the scientific community because it would lose objectivity - and not least because Jane Goodall had previously "only" worked as a secretary and waitress and could not have a degree. Many scientists have since followed Goodall's lead.

From 1970 to 1975 Goodall was visiting professor of psychiatry and human biology at Stanford University , from 1973 visiting professor of zoology at the University of Dar es Salaam . After divorcing her first husband Van Lawick in 1974, she married the Tanzanian member of parliament and director of the Tanzania National Parks Derek Bryceson in 1975, with whose help she secured the existence of Gombes as a national park. Bryceson died of cancer in 1980. The time after that was described by Goodall in the documentary mentioned below as the most difficult of her life.

In 1977 a picture of her observing chimpanzees was sent to interstellar space as picture 60 with the Voyager Golden Record .

Cartoonist Gary Larson published a cartoon in which a female monkey found blond hair while lousing her partner and accused him of being "with that bitch Goodall" again. Unlike her institute staff, Goodall allowed T-shirts with this cartoon to be sold. The proceeds will go to the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation , which she founded in 1977 , which aims to protect endangered chimpanzees.

In 1986, after a conference in Chicago on the ethical treatment of animals, she changed the direction of her work. She now dedicated herself to educating a broad public in order to better protect the habitats of the chimpanzees. She began to work with the local governments to develop ecologically sound tourism. She also teaches ecology, works with local administrations and research institutions, and has set up a protection program for orphaned chimpanzees.

In 1990 she published her book Through a Window , in which she took the position that the increasing knowledge about the mental and social complexity of animals must lead to an ethically responsible way of dealing with them. This applies equally to keeping animals as pets, for entertainment, for meat production or in test laboratories, as well as to other ways of dealing with them.

In 1991, Goodall and children in Tanzania founded the Roots & Shoots campaign , which has since been taken up in over 40 countries. In the various Roots & Shoots groups, children and young people in particular are supposed to develop their own ideas and small projects in the field of nature and environmental protection in order to contribute to the improvement of both human and animal life on earth.

Today, Goodall also advocates for certain great ape rights that are similar to human rights in the Great Ape Project . She has been the UN Ambassador for Peace since 2002 .

It also promotes alternatives to animal testing. In May 2008 she asked the Nobel Prize Committee to create a Nobel Prize for Alternative Methods to Animal Testing. In 2010 she vehemently opposed violence against animals and animal experiments, which she compared to torture.

In 2010, a documentary by German director Lorenz Knauer about Jane Goodall's life was released in cinemas under the title “Jane's Journey” .

In 2018 the documentary "Jane" by the American director Brett Morgan was released .

Also in 2018, Goodall appeared in the animal rights film Citizen Animal - A Small Family's Quest for Animal Rights .

Jane Goodall belongs to the group of people who are unable to remember faces ( “face blindness” ).

Honors

Jane goodall (2006)

Fonts

  • In the shadow of man. William Collins Sons & Co., London 1971, ISBN 0-00-211357-0 .
    German translation: Wild chimpanzees. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1991, ISBN 978-3-499-18838-1 .
  • The Chimpanzees of Gombe. Patterns of Behavior. Belknap Harvard University Press, Cambridge / Massachusetts 1986, ISBN 0-674-11649-6 .
  • Wild chimpanzees. Behavioral research on the Gombe River . Translated from the English by Mark W. Rien. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1991, ISBN 3-499-18838-4 .
  • A heart for chimpanzees. My 30 years on the Gombe River . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1996, ISBN 3-499-19964-5 .
  • Reason for hope. Autobiography. Riemann 1999, ISBN 978-3-570-50007-1 .
  • My life for animals and nature: 50 years in Gombe . Bassermann Verlag 2010, ISBN 3-8094-8045-2 .
  • with Gary McAvoy and Gail Hudson: Harvest for Hope. A Guide to Mindful Eating. Grand Central Publishing, 2005, ISBN 978-0-446-53362-1 .
  • Hope for Animals and Their World: How Endangered Species Are Being Rescued from the Brink. Grand Central Publishing, 2009, ISBN 0-446-58177-1 .
  • with Gail Hudson: Seeds of Hope: Wisdom and Wonder from the World of Plants. Grand Central Publishing, 2014, ISBN 1-4555-1322-9 .

See also

literature

  • Meg Greene: Jane Goodall. A biography. Greenwood 2005, ISBN 978-1-59102-611-2 .
  • Dale Peterson: Jane Goodall. The Woman who Redefined Man. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston / New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-395-85405-1 .
  • Volker Schütz, Gerda Melchior: Jane's Journey. Jane Goodall's life journey. hansanord, Feldafing 2010, hardback, ISBN 978-3-940873-07-1 .
  • Kendall Haven, Donna Clark: 100 Most Popular Scientists for Young Adults: Biographical Sketches and Professional Paths , Libraries Unlimited, Englewood 1999, ISBN 978-1-56308-674-8 , pp. 221-225

Movies

  • 1994: Jane Goodall - Life and Legend. (OT: The life and legend of Jane Goodall. ) Documentary, USA, Great Britain, 23 min., Book: Patrick Prentice, Lynn McDevitt, camera: John Davey, Gary Steele, production: National Geographic Society
  • 2004: Jane Goodall. See you in Gombe. (OT: Jane Goodall's Return to Gombe. ) Documentary, USA, Great Britain, 49 min., Script and director: Mark Bristow, production: Tigress Productions, first broadcast: November 4, 2004 (USA), summary by SRF 1
  • 2007: Almost Human: Jane Goodall and her chimpanzees. (OT: Almost human with Jane Goodall. ) Documentary, USA, Great Britain, 44:30 min., Book: Cindy Frei, camera: Bill Wallauer, Gil Domb, production: Creative Differences, Discovery Channel , first broadcast: October 28, 2007 ( USA), table of contents from SRF 1
  • 2010: Jane's Journey - Jane Goodall's journey through life. Documentary, Tanzania, Germany, 103 min., Script and director: Lorenz Knauer, production: Neos Film, CC Medienproduktion, Sphinx Media, Animal Planet, SWR , arte , Cinepostproduction, Licht & Ton, German cinema release: September 2, 2010, German First broadcast: April 29, 2012 by arte, table of contents by ARD .
  • 2017: Jane . Documentary by Brett Morgen

Interviews

Web links

Commons : Jane Goodall  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Jane Goddall and Hugo van Lawick: Grub, the Bush Baby. Orion, 1988, ISBN 978-0-395-48696-2
  2. ^ Thesis: Behavior of the Free-Ranging Chimpanzee .
  3. ^ Study Corner - Jane Timeline. In: Jane Goodall Institute.
  4. ^ Awards and Distinctions. On: janegoodall.org.uk.
  5. Dominik Baur: Jane Goodall: At 30 naked through the jungle, at 67 on a donation trip through the world. In: Spiegel Online . September 4, 2001, Retrieved June 9, 2018 .
  6. Roots & Shoots on the website of the Jane Goodall Institute Germany
  7. Stefan Klein : Jane Goodall. A monkey love. In: Die Zeit , August 22, 2011, interview.
  8. James Randerson: Goodall urges Nobel prize for sparing lab animals. In: The Guardian , May 28, 2008.
  9. "By and large, students are taught that it is ethically acceptable to perpetrate, in the name of science, what, from the point of view of the animals, would certainly qualify as torture." She wrote on the relationship between animal experiments and torture ( Jane Goodall: Through a Window. My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2010, unpaginated afterword ).
  10. A film for the whole family: Jane Goodall documentary "Jane". March 9, 2018, accessed April 25, 2020 .
  11. citizenanimal.de: Speakers. Retrieved May 17, 2018 .
  12. Oliver Sacks : Face-Blind . In: The New Yorker . August 23, 2010, ISSN  0028-792X ( newyorker.com [accessed February 13, 2018]).
  13. ^ Member History: Jane Goodall. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 25, 2018 (with a short biography).
  14. Monkey researcher Goodall becomes Hamburg ambassador. In: Die Welt , August 17, 2011, accessed on September 29, 2012
  15. ^ World Future Council, Councilor Biographies: Jane Goodall
  16. Jane Goodall receives my way foundation award on ORF on June 12, 2015, accessed on June 13, 2015.
  17. ^ President Julius Maada Bio Decorates Dr Jane Goodall as Officer of the Order of the Rokel. State House, February 27, 2019.
  18. ^ Austrian Cross of Honor for Jane Goodall. In: ORF.at . September 11, 2019, accessed September 11, 2019 .
  19. Tang Prize 2020
  20. ^ "To a whiskey with Jane Goodall." Interview with director Lorenz Knauer ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: arte Magazin, April 4, 2012.
  21. Jane's Journey - Official Movie Site
  22. Jane (2017). Retrieved April 6, 2019 .