Bremen cinemas

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Bremen coat of arms (middle) .svg Coat of arms Bremerhaven.svg

The Bremen cinemas , also known as film theaters or light play theaters, were built in Bremen and Bremerhaven at the beginning of the 20th century . The cinema industry experienced its peak in the 1930s and 1960s. In 2000 there were 15 cinemas with 9,757 seats in the state of Bremen . Currently (as of 2013) there are eight movie theaters in Bremen with 39 cinemas and a total of 10,312 seats, and in Bremerhaven there are three cinemas with nine screens with around 1500 seats.

history

Beginning of the cinema age

The first public film screening took place on February 5, 1894 in Manhattan and in France in December 1895 at the Grand Café on Boulevard des Capucines in Paris . In 1896, the first Berlin cinema opened on Friedrichstrasse .

The age of cinema began in Bremen on August 15, 1896 . At an exhibition of German machine company of Ludwig Stollwerck "living photographs" were with the cinematograph of the Lumière brothers in the lodge house on Herdentorsteinweg demonstrated. As was customary at the time, only short scenes and current events could be shown. The first short films with lurid subtitles such as “only for adults” followed in 1896 in the Logenhaus. Various companies showed films, including at trade union events and in some Bremen concert halls. In 1905 Otto Frundt opened the first “shop cinema” on Hutfilterstrasse in the old town.

Cinema entrepreneur Hagen

The Hamburg merchant Johannes Hagen set up various cinemas from 1908. The Bremen architect Joseph Ostwald (1879–1950) planned and built many movie theaters in Bremen, especially for the cinema entrepreneur Hagen. In 1908 he converted Ahlborn's winter garden in Ansgariistraße to the Metropoltheater . Films were shown, concerts were offered and guests were served in the restaurant. There were no smoking bans yet. In 1909 Hagen moved to Bremen and managed the cinema himself. In 1909 he founded the Hansa-Theater in Tannenstrasse and the company Hagen & Sander GmbH . The Metropol could be expanded. The company planned further cinemas: in 1910 the Apollo Theater and the new Opera Theater planned by Ostwald (later Kaiser Theater, then Liberty Palace Theater, 1965 shopping center) opened. In 1911 the Palast-Theater followed on Landwehrstrasse in Utbremen . In 1913 the company bought the Bremen movie theater on Obernstrasse . In 1917 the company joined UFA ( Universum Film AG ) and the cinemas had been called Ufa-Vereinigte Theater since 1926 . In 1929 the first major sound film, The Singing Fool, was shown in the Metropol . In 1926, the new building for the Europa-Palast cinema on Herdentorsteinweg was carried out according to Ostwald's design . This house has also belonged to Ufa since 1937.

More cinemas were built

In 1919, the film company Luetge & Heiligers was founded - coming from the Rhineland . They acquired the Modern Theater , an Ostwald conversion of the Neustädter Tonhallen on Neustadtswall. The first short sound films were shown here in 1924. The company also acquired the Decla in Walle in 1921 , the Tivoli at the main train station in 1927 and the Schauburg in the Steintorviertel built by Ostwald in 1929 .

Since 1925 there was the Roland Theater , from 1934 the Alhambra , a 222-seat cinema at Gröpelinger Heerstraße 195/197, which was initially owned by the cinema operator WA Braune.
The Schauburg (in front of the Steintor) was the first film theater with sound in Bremen in 1929.

The Decla

The Decla at Waller Heerstrasse No. 44 stood on the property of Dreyer's Volksgarten , which was then called the St. Pauli Festsäle . In 1911 the Schiller Theater was built here , in which plays and comedies were shown. In 1920/21 it was converted into a cinema. The building, which was damaged in the war, was also a cinema after 1945, but also an event hall. It closed in 1969.

The Tivoli

Tivoli Bremen from 1908

The Tivoli was built on the property at An der Weide No. 10. In 1849 the merchant HW Wilcke built a "Volksgarten" with a summer theater on the site of the former summer residence of the merchant von Post. The summer theater moved to Osterdeich in 1852 . The theater that remained in the street An der Weide was now called Tivoli and, after a renovation, the Tivoli Theater . In 1890 the theater burned down and a new building was built by 1892 with a hall with 3000 seats as well as a concert hall and other rooms. In 1911, Bremen bought the theater and leased it to the businessman Leopold Gross and (until 1916) the composer and conductor Jean Gilbert . First, in the now 1,800 seats comprehensive hall vaudeville programs then showed operettas. In 1920 it became the Stadttheater An der Weide . In 1924 Gross took over the house again and converted it into a cinema in 1925. In 1927 Luetge & Heiligers leased the cinema until 1940. The American sound film The Singing Fool also played in Tivoli in 1929 . In 1932 the Tivolis theater was also converted into a cinema. It was destroyed in an air raid during World War II. The cinema was rebuilt in 1948 and run as a UT at the train station in what is now the union building.

1930s

In the early 1930s, important films were shown in Bremen. The cinema reached its highest attendance figures in the 1930s. On the other hand, it could not escape the political propaganda of the Nazi era . Many cinema buildings were destroyed in the Second World War.

After 1945

In 1945 Ostwald converted the Concordia restaurant in Schwachhauser Heerstrasse into the Bremen art theater of the same name, which later became a cinema. In 1948, the UT cinemas in the bombed Tivoli were set up again on Bahnhofsplatz. The cinema experienced a new, big boom.

In 1969, according to newspaper advertisements in Bremen, the cinemas Am Bahnhofsplatz (UT), Atlantis (UfA), Bali, Central, City (B), Europa (B), Gondel, Kammer, Modernes (B), Mühlenbach (Lesum), Park (Lesum ), Regina (B), Roland (B), Schauburg (B), Sögestraße (UfA), Stern (UfA), studio for film art.

Cinema Ostertor

Arthouse cinema

A cinema , and film art cinema or art-house cinema, is a smaller commercial cinema, shows the artistically ambitious films. Art House Cinemas first emerged on the east coast of the United States in the late 1920s . The Cinema im Ostertor in Bremen, which was founded in 1969, is considered the first art house cinema in Germany . This house existed since 1934 as Kammer-Lichtspiele. In 2005 the interior was renovated.
In 1982 the Schauburg changed and became an art house cinema for film art. The gondola and the Atlantis followed later. The art cinemas in Bremen show German and international feature films as well as art and documentary films , and sometimes they hold smaller film festivals and show world premieres. Other events also take place.

Communal cinema

1973 committed citizens founded the Kommunalkino Bremen eV , which wanted to fulfill an educational mandate. Initially, due to the lack of its own venue, it was mainly located in the cinema in the Ostertor . In the early 1980s, the municipal cinema showed films at eight venues and had around 30,000 visitors a year at that time. In 1993 it moved to its own premises in Walle and was renamed Kino 46 . In 2011 the company moved to the former City Cinema in the suburb of the station, where it now operates as City 46 . The communal cinema is financed by entrance fees, grants from the Senator for Culture and third-party funds.

Recent developments

In the 1990s, movie theaters should again see a dramatic decline. Many smaller houses disappeared. In 1999 the City-Film-Theater in the Birkenstraße on Hillmannplatz and the Europa in the Bahnhofstraße closed. In 2001 the UT at the train station also had to close.

Since 1998 three new large cinemas have been built in Bremen as so-called multiplex cinemas (multiple large cinemas).

List of movie theaters

Alphabetical list of cinemas that often had additional names such as Lichtspiele, Palast or Theater; with name, place, number of places and period:

Duration

In the city of Bremen there are (as of May 2013) eight movie theaters with 39 cinemas and a total of 10,312 seats. Three of them are multiplex cinemas with a total of 32 halls. The largest cinema in the Bremen area with 674 seats is located in the cinespace. This cinema was the first cinema in northern Germany with digital projection and digital 3D projection . The other two large cinemas have also converted to 3D technology.

In Bremerhaven there are three cinemas with nine halls and around 1500 seats as well as an air-open cinema in the fishing port in summer. Two of them are multiplex cinemas with a total of eight halls.

Five smaller houses survived the death of the cinema. The Schauburg, the Gondel and Atlantis are owned by Manfred Brocki as a Bremen art theater. In March 2013, the Bremen Film Art Theaters also took over the program planning and production of the cinema .

CinemaxX with the show magazine Übermaxx at the Überseemuseum Bremen
Cinespace Multiplex Cinema

Existing in Bremen

Stock in Bremerhaven

  • CineMotion in Mitte , Karlsburg 1
  • Passage Kino 1 and 2 in Mitte, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Straße 20, 193 seats each, since 1978
  • Kommunales Kino Bremerhaven eV (KoKi) in Mitte, Bogenstrasse 7

Previous cinemas

City 46

In Bremen

  • Admiral in Findorff , Hemmstrasse 160, 784 places, 1933 to 1965
  • Am Bahnhofsplatz (UT) in Mitte, An der Weide 10, Hall 1: 814 seats, 1975: 948 seats, 1993 Center 1 408 seats, Center 2: 119 seats, Center 3: 60 seats, Center 4: 225 seats, Center 5 : 91 seats, Center 6: 96 seats, Center 7: 71 seats, Center 8: 60 seats; 1945 to after 1997,
  • Apollo in Neustadt , Osterstraße 6, 1910 to around 1962
  • Arberger Lichtspiele in Arbergen , Arberger Heerstraße 42, 345 seats, 1952 to after 1962
  • Arsterdamm- Lichtspiele in Kattenturm , Kattenturmer Heerstraße 30, 220 seats, 1947 to after 1962
  • Atlantis (UfA), since 1931: See inventory
  • Bali in Bremen Central Station , 368 seats, 1953 to 1984
  • Cover in Woltmershausen , Woltmershauser Strasse 261, 1956 to around 1962
  • Bremer Lichtspielhaus in Mitte, Obernstraße 19, 1000 seats, 1910 to 1930
  • Camera in Horn-Lehe , Horner Heerstraße 31, 400 spaces, 1953 to after 1962
  • Central in habenhausen , Dorfstrasse 33, 1953 to after 1962
  • Central in Oslebshausen , Oslebshauser Heerstraße 125, 285 places, 1937 to around 1971; before:
    • Eagle owl light shows, 250 seats, 1927 to 1932
    • Scale sound film theater, 1932 to 1936
  • City in Mitte, Herdentorsteinweg , 600 places, 1957 to 2010; after that
    • City 46 since 2011
  • Concordia in Schwachhausen , Schwachhauser Heerstraße , 1945 with interruption until 2008
  • Corso in Arbergen, only in 1948
  • Decla in Walle , Waller Heerstraße 44, 800 spaces, 1921 to 1969
  • Europa in Mitte, Bahnhofstraße / Herdertorsteinweg, 1000 places, from 1950: 820 places, from 1995: 503 places, 1926 to 1944, 1950 to 1999
  • Film corner in Neustadt, Oder- / Erlen-Straße, only 1948/49
  • Filmbühne Weserlust in Östliche Vorstadt, Osterdeich 150, 501 seats, 1948 to 1963
  • Gloria in der Vahr , Wilsederbergstraße 19a, 625 places, 1958 to 1964
  • Gloria in der Neustadt, Pappelstraße 57, 800 places, 1929 to 1941
  • Gondola: See existing
  • Grohner Lichtspiele in Vegesack - Grohn , Lange Straße 75, only in 1933
  • Hansa in Vegesack , Tannenstraße 17/18 from 1931 Hafenstraße 126/30, 1130 places, 1909 to 1944
  • Kammer Lichtspiele in Mitte, Ostertorsteinweg 105, 228 seats, 1935 to 1969, then Cinema Ostertor (see there)
  • Communal cinema in the Gustav-Heinemann-Bürgerhaus in Vegesack, Sedanplatz , 1983 to 1999
  • Crank in Walle, Waller Heerstraße 165 on the area of ​​the Waldau Theater, 550 seats, 1952 to 1958
  • Lichtspiele Rablinghausen in der Landlust (hall), Rablinghauser Landstrasse 52, 420 seats, 1948 to 1960
  • Lüssumer Lichtspiele in Blumenthal - Lüssum , Lüssumer Straße 97, 1917 to 1927
  • Metropoltheater in Mitte, Ansgariistraße 20, 1000 seats, 1920: 850 seats, 1908 to 1944
  • Modern theater in the Neustadt, Neustadtswall 28a, 750 or 782 and 690 seats, 1919 to 1971, today a cultural center
  • Mühlenbach in Lesum , Bremer Heerstraße 32, 400 spaces, 1936 to around 1975
  • Oase - Neustadt, Lahnstraße 46, 590 spaces, 1950 to around 1963
  • Odeon as an inn in Hemelingen - Hastedt , Hastedter Heerstraße 374, 350 seats, 1918 to 1962
  • Olympia im Walle, Waller Heerstraße 201, 400 places, 1921 to 1923/24
  • Opera in Mitte, Ostertorsteinweg 28, 1910 to 1914, then
    • Kaiser, 580 seats, 1915 to around 1942
    • Liberty, 1949 to around 1950
    • Palace, 547 seats, from around 1951 to around 1962, 1965 shopping center
  • Palace in Walle-Utbremen, Landwehrstrasse
  • Park-Lichtspiele - Burgdamm, Bremerhavener Heerstraße 29. 298 spaces 1957 to 1980
    • Park-Lichtspiele Bremen-Lesum, 350 seats 1980 to 1982/83
  • Rali-Lichtspiele ( Raths Lichtspiele ) in Oberneuland , Oberneulander Heerstraße 38, 380 places, 1937 to 1961
  • Regina in Walle, Landwehrstraße 38, 709 or 566 places, 1957 to 1983
  • Residence in Osterholz , Soltend, 450 places, only 1961 to 1963
  • Rex in Gröpelingen, Gröpelinger Heerstraße 163, 600 places, 1957 to 19 ??
  • Rö-Li in Blumenthal - Rönnebeck , Dillener Straße 96, 356 places, 1956 to 1962
  • Roland in Gröpelingen, Gröpelinger Heerstraße 195, 222 seats, from 1925 to around 1934 thereafter
    • Alhambra, 1935 to 1943/44
  • Roxy in Vegesack, Alte Hafenstrasse 22, 403 places, 1955 to approx. 1974
  • Scala see Vegesacker Lichtspiele
  • Schauburg in the Steintorviertel in the eastern suburb, Vor dem Steintor 116, 800 seats, since 1980 with two cinemas and 359 seats, 1929 to 1997
  • Schützenhof-Lichtspiele in Groepelingen, Bromberger Straße 117, 1917 to around 1930
  • Silva in St. Magnus, Lesumer Heerstraße 76, 361 spaces, 1956 to after 1962
  • Stadttheater-Lichtspiele ( Deutsche Lichtspiele ) in Vegesack , Gerhard-Rohlfs-Straße 67, 600 seats, 1927 to 1960
    • City Theater Tonburg 1953 to 1960
  • Stern in Mitte, Carl-Ronning-Straße 4/6, 437 seats from around 1975 two more cinema halls with 60 seats each and later Stern 5 to 7 three as smaller halls, 1957 to 1998
  • Studio for film art in Mitte, Herdentorsteinweg 39, 469 places, 1957 to 1997
    • 1993 studio in the film studio with two rooms
    • 1995 film studio and studio
  • Thalia in Woltmershausen, Woltmershauser Straße 442, 233 then 450 or from 1937 over 830 spaces, around 1921
  • Tivoli in Hemelingen, Langenstraße or Hannoversche Straße 11, 250 then 450 and up to 900 places (from 1940), 1918 to after 1962
  • Sound film stage Weisse Wand, Graf Haeselerstraße 50 or from 1956 Friedrich-Karl-Straße 86, 1950 to after 1962
  • Ufa-Palast in Mitte, Auf der Brake, seven cinema halls with 105 to 232 seats, 1990 to 2001
  • UfA - Sögestraße in Mitte, Sögestraße 46, 258 places, 1966 to 1990 before
    • Imperial Theater (1911-1915),
    • Victoria, 220 places, 1916 to 1934
    • Barberina, 1935 to around 1942/43
    • AKI-Aktuell-Kino, 416 seats, 1953 to 1966
  • Union in Mitte, Am Brill 11, 200 places, only around 1910/13
  • Union in Blumenthal, Landrat-Christians-Straße 113, 525 spaces, 1956 to 1975
  • Urania in Osterholz, Grenzwehr 46 from 1950 Osterholzer Heerstraße 136, 280 places, 1948 to 1963
  • Vegesacker Lichtspiele, Breite Straße 24, 222 from 1930 690, from 1934 850 and from around 1939 928 places, 1917 to 1956 thereafter
    • Scala, 1957 to 1991
  • First Vegesack movie theater, a. a. Kirchenstrasse 45 and Sedanplatz 15, 200 and 246 places, respectively, 1908 to 1922
  • Viktoria-Lichtspiele in Huchting , Kirchhuchtinger Landstrasse 41, 196 or 245 and 330 places, 1936 to 1960s
  • Wandertonfilm in St. Magnus then in Aumund, around 200 to 300 places, 1949 to 1959
  • Welt-Theater in Gröpelingen, Nordstraße 201/203, 770 seats, 1917 to 1944 previously
    • Central, 1912 to 1917
  • Weser-Lichtspiele in Mitte, St. Paulistraße 19/21, 250 seats, 1949 to 1952
  • Weser Tonlichtspiele in Farge , Fargaerstraße 33 (or 100), restaurant Zum green Jäger , 210 from 1949: 298 seats, 1937 to after 1962
  • Weserlust am Osterdeich, 1948 to 1963
  • Wilhelmshöhe (Lichtburg) in Grambke , Am Geestkamp 3, 348 places, 1953 to 1962
  • Tivoli in Mitte, An der Weide 10, 1925 to 1944, then see Am Bahnhofsplatz (UT)
  • Zentral (Central) - Theater - Blumenthal, Langestraße 81 from around 1925 Blumenstraße 34, 250–300 from 1929: 500–558 seats, 1920 to 1975
Aladin in Lehe

In Bremerhaven

  • Admiral in Geestemünde , Georgstraße 50, 700 seats, 1953 to 1963
  • Admiral in Lehe , Hafenstrasse 176, 800 seats, 1917 to around 1928
  • Aladin in Lehe, Rickmerstraße 13/15, 700 from 1993 460 places, 1956 to around 1997
  • Apollo: see Europe
  • Asta-Nielsen-Theater in Lehe, only in 1917
  • Astoria in Mitte , Grazer Straße 53-55, 500 seats, 1955 to 1964
  • Atlantis in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 144, around 250 spaces, 1954 to 1997
  • Atrium in Geestemünde, An der Mühle 11, 981 seats, only 1940/41
  • Bali or 1984 Cinema in the main station, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 73, 490 seats, from 1984 218 seats, 1959 to 1997
  • Capitol in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 156, 807 and from 1979 460 places, 1927 to 1945 and 1951 to 1992
  • Central or from 1961 City in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 127, around 400 places, from 1952 502 places and from 1979 180 places, 1912 to 1993
  • Cinema: see Gloria or Bali
  • Edison-Lichtspiele see Modernes Theater
  • Elektra in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 166, 324 or 420 places, 1948 to 1964
  • Europe or 1963 Apollo in Geestemünde, Georgstraße 73, 649 or 480 places, 1953 to 2007
  • Film corner in Wulsdorf , Schiffdorferdamm 182, 200 seats, only in 1949
  • Filmstelle Wesermünde in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 155, 1949 to 1953 then Max-Dietrich-Strasse 22 to 1960
  • Gloria and 1965 Cinema in Lehe, Hafenstrasse 55, 600–700 seats, 1913 to 1969
  • Hansa in Mitte, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Strasse 48, 300 seats, 1917 to 1943/44 (bombed)
  • Kaiser-Lichtspiele, Grünstraße 7, new 1918
  • Camera in Wulsdorf, Weserstraße 56, around 450 places, 1952 to 1961, in front of that
    • The crank in Wulsdorf, 230 seats, 1950 to 1952
  • Leherheider Lichtspiele, auditorium with 200 seats in the Fritz Husmann School on Debstedter Weg , 1948 to 1953
  • Lichtburg in Geestemünde, Fischerstraße 4/6, 340 spaces, 1929 to around 1938
  • Metropol in Geestemünde, Georgstraße 45, 382 places, 1920 to 1943/44, previously
    • Palast- or Kaiser-Palast-Theater, 300 seats, only 1917/18
  • Modern theater in Mitte, Bürgermeister-Smidt-Str. 65, 600 or 640 places, 1928 to 1943/44, bombed, before
    • Edison light plays, 700 seats, 1917 to 1927
  • Odeon in Leherheide , Debstedter Weg 16, 675 places, 1953 to 1966
  • Passage: See existing
  • Rex in Geestemünde, Georgstraße 119/121, 800 spaces, 1957 to 1989
  • Schauburg in Geestemünde, Johannesstraße 35, 480 places, 1949 to 1963
  • Titania in Lehe, Batteriestraße 22, 426 places, 1949 to 1953
  • Tivoli in Mitte, Grazer Straße 53/55, since 1949 1,261 seats, from 1880 theater from 1927 to 1964 cinema and event room
  • Union or Weser and Schauburg in Lehe, Lange Straße 67, 345 spaces, 1925 to 1929, closed by the building authorities
  • Unterweser-Lichtspiele, 250 seats: traveling cinema in Wulsdorf, Weserstraße 14 and Schiffdorfer Damm, 1945 to 1948
  • Wulsdorfer Lichtspiele or 1964 Weser Lichtspiele, Weserstraße 29/30, 430 seats, 1946 to 1964

statistics

In 1950 there were 15,337 seats in the 28 cinemas in Bremen (city), which were visited by 5.27 million guests.

In Bremerhaven 1950 there were 8 cinemas with 4221 seats and 1.66 million visitors. In the 1950s there were 14 cinemas in Bremerhaven, none of them in Bremerhaven-Mitte. These included the cinemas Admiral, Aladin , Astoria, Atlantis, Capitol, Central / City, Elektra, Europa / Apollo, Gloria / Cinema, Kamera, Odeon, Rex, Tivoli, Wulsdorfer / Weser Lichtspiele , the station cinema in the main train station and the Schauburg in der Johannesstrasse.

The number of visitors peaked in 1957 in Bremen with 10.53 million and in Bremerhaven with 2.72 million visitors. In 1960 Bremen had 53 cinemas with around 28,000 seats and 7 million visitors and Bremerhaven had 16 cinemas with 9,678 seats and around 2 million visitors. The first big slump came with television and many cinemas had to close. In 1969 there were still 25 cinemas in Bremen with 12,744 seats and 1.77 million visitors and Bremerhaven had 8 cinemas with 4574 seats and 0.6 million visitors.

In 2000 there were 15 cinemas with 9,757 seats in the state of Bremen and 2.1 million visitors. The number of visitors continued to decrease slightly.
In 2011 there were 1.99 million moviegoers in the federal state of Bremen (nationwide 12.96 million). On average, every cinema-goer in Bremen visited a cinema 3.01 times a year (national average 1.58). A turnover of 16.44 million euros was achieved in Bremen. (Nationwide: 958.1 million euros).

Cinema entrepreneur

The most important entrepreneurs or ventures were and are:

In Bremen

  • WA Braune: Alhambra, Vegesacker Lichtspieltheater Wulsdorfer Lichtspiele (1950–1958)
  • CinemaxX AG Hamburg: CinemaxX
  • Cinestar Lübeck: Cinestar Crystal Palace
  • Johannes Hagen, Hagen & Sander, Hamburg: Apollo-Theater, Bremer Lichtspieltheater, Hansa-Theater, Metropoltheater, Opera- (Kaiser-, Liberty-) Theater, Palast-Theater
  • Simon Horwitz: Skala Palace
  • Luetge & Heiligers: Decla, Europa-Palast, Gloria in Bremerhaven (1956–1959), Modern Theaters, Schauburg, Tivoli, Wulsdorfer Lichtspiele (1958/63)
  • Heinz Rohde, Billerbeck & Rhode: Admiral, Camera, Crank, Regina, Rex
  • Gert Settje: Cinema in the Ostertor
  • UFA-Theater AG: Atlantis, Am Bahnhofsplatz (UT), Sögestraße, Stern, Ufa-Palast

In Bremerhaven

  • Günter Hansel: Atlantis-Lichtspiele (1954–1957), Elektra-Theater (1949–1956)
  • Theo Marseille: Aladin-Filmtheater, Atlantis (1957–1983), Capitol (1963–1980), Europa -Geestemünde, Rex-Filmtheater (from 1967)
  • Karl Seebeck: Gloria Theater (from 1960),

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cinema Ostertor merges with Filmkunsttheatern , Weser Kurier from March 19, 2013
  2. ^ Hans Happel: Cinemas in Bremerhaven
  3. ↑ Schauburg
  4. ^ Station cinema
  5. ↑ Tobias Langenbach and Lina Kokaly: Hope for cinemas. In: Weser courier . August 6, 2012, p. 3.