Schwachhauser Heerstrasse
| Schwachhauser Heerstrasse Schwachhauser Chaussee
|
|
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} |
|
 |
|
| View from kilometer 2.04 out of town | |
| Basic data | |
| city | Bremen |
| District | Barkhof, Schwachhausen, Riensberg, Radio Bremen |
| Newly designed | since 2002 |
| Cross streets | Schwachhauser Ring , Graf-Moltke-Straße, Kirchbachstraße, Kurfürstenallee , Bürgermeister-Spitta-Allee |
| Buildings | Hollerallee Concordia Theater, Synagogue, Becker House, Kippenberg High School |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport |
| Road design | Highly paved tram in the middle |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 3,430 meters |
The Schwachhauser military road runs northeast of downtown Bremen through the district Schwachhausen and is a three-kilometer road leading into the outer parts of the city a major axis of the inner-city traffic. It was laid out as a road through a residential area and has been able to maintain this character in parts to this day. Since the end of the 1990s, it has been converted in two construction phases amid massive protests by local residents.
Location in the city area
The Schwachhauser Heerstraße begins as a direct extension of the Dobbenweg at the heavily frequented intersection with Bismarckstraße in the densely built-up area east of the old town and the street Ausser der Schleifmühle . The first 114 meters it forms the border between the districts of Mitte (district Ostertor) and Östliche Vorstadt (district Fesenfeld). Then it crosses under the crossing railway line in the Concordia tunnel. This is the only bridge over the street.
Then it reaches the Schwachhausen district , through which it runs almost in its entire length. Within Schwachhausen it always runs on the district boundaries, on the south side are the districts Gete and Radio Bremen, on the north side Barkhof, Schwachhausen and Riensberg. Only the last 223 meters from Ernst-Grohne-Weg on the north side belong to the Horn-Lehe district (Horn district).
After 3.43 kilometers, the Schwachhauser Heerstraße ends at the junction on the right-hand side with the Bürgermeister-Spitta-Allee . Here it bends north as Horner Heerstraße . 32 side streets branch off from Schwachhauser Heerstraße; none of them crosses while keeping the street name. On the south side, 15 streets flow and on the north side 17. The most important of them are Hollerallee on the north side and Graf-Moltke-Straße, Kurfürstenallee and Kirchbachstraße (named after Hugo Ewald von Kirchbach ) on the south side .
description
The Schwachhauser Heerstraße is an inner-city thoroughfare. It is on average 25 to 30 meters wide. Its entire length is an avenue lined with deciduous trees and lined with footpaths and cycle paths at the edges of the road. The tram tracks run in the middle of the street between the directional lanes and are partially paved.
The 450 meter long section between Hollerallee and Kurfürstenallee is the busiest. In a 1996 census, 33,476 motor vehicles were registered within 24 hours, of which around three percent were trucks. At the beginning of the Schwachhauser Heerstraße to the south, the 478 meter long section between the intersection of Bismarckstraße / Dobbenweg / Besides the Schleifmühle and the intersection of Hollerallee / Graf-Moltke-Straße, around 20,000 vehicles were counted on one working day at the turn of 2003/2004.
This means that Schwachhauser Heerstraße is in the middle of the field compared to other important Bremen thoroughfares. For example, 65,753 vehicles drive on Utbremer Straße in the Walle district, 60,273 on Oldenburger Straße ( B 75 / B 6 ) and 43,835 vehicles on Neuenlander Straße ( B 6 ) in Neustadt . The second-named is even used by 100,000 vehicles within 24 hours on the Stephanibrücke over the Weser at peak times, making it by far the most heavily frequented federal highway in Germany.
Schwachhauser Heerstrasse is also served by local public transport. The tram line 4 of the Bremen tram runs continuously from the beginning to the end. Lines 1 and 1S run from the beginning of Schwachhauser Heerstraße to the confluence with Kirchbachstraße, into which they turn. Bus traffic is also represented on the road, albeit on a short distance: the bus line 24 coming from Hollerallee meets Schwachhauser Heerstraße, follows its course a short distance to the north and leaves it again via Kurfürstenallee. The Schwachhauser Heerstraße has a total of eight stops.
history
Over the centuries, today's Schwachhauser Heerstraße was an almost undeveloped street that led through the Schwachhauser Feldmark (meadows, fields and fields) and connected Bremen with Schwachhausen . The only buildings on the street were farmsteads, so-called full farms, owned by farmers from the Pagentorn settlement (horse tower).
Because of this ownership structure, the name of the street was Pagentorner Weg, at least until today's Carl-Schurz-Straße . In 1787 this path was partly paved and from 1816 to 1819 it was extensively expanded and extended north to the village of Horn . The old Riensberger Straße, which had previously been the only connection between the village and Bremen, was relieved. Associated with the expansion was the construction of a toll house at the current confluence with Metzer Strasse. The carriages running on the Chaussee had to pay a road toll there. This regulation was in place until the end of the 1870s. In 1901 the house was converted into a police station and in 1933 it was demolished.
Around 1825 the Pagentorn farmers began to retreat from the progressive expansion of the urban area, gradually sold their farms on Schwachhauser Chaussee as building land and the majority of them settled on this themselves. In 1834 the first building on the Chaussee in the direction out of town was a brickworks on the left side of the street, roughly at the level of the current confluence with Carl-Schurz-Straße. Behind it there were only eight old full courtyards.
From around 1850 Bremen merchants built their villas and country houses on Schwachhauser Chaussee and from June 4, 1876 the first horse-drawn tram ran on the street , which initially served the route from Herdentor in the old town to Vahrster Bridge and was extended in the following years. At first it mainly transported townspeople who wanted to take a day trip to the country. Four years later, with the caffe garden and dance salon Ludwigslust , the Schweizerhaus and the restorations Rural Recreation and Englischer Garten , four excursion restaurants had already opened on Schwachhauser Chaussee.
The Bremen tram was electrified in 1892 and the Schwachhauser Chaussee was one of the first streets that the new trains ran at up to nine kilometers per hour. Eight years later, in 1900, the meadows along the Chaussee were urbanized as they came from the city to Hollerallee. By resolution of the Senate, the name Schwachhauser Chaussee was abolished in 1914 and replaced by the name Schwachhauser Heerstraße. The systematic development of Schwachhausen now progressed faster and in 1925 the development reached as far as the Schwachhauser Ring .
Controversial expansion
In 1988, the first planning began regarding the expansion of part of the Schwachhauser Heerstraße, as a further increase in traffic was expected. The approximately 920 meter long stretch from the beginning to the confluence of Kurfürstenallee was to be extended to four lanes - two per lane - and thus the street cross-section widened to 30 to 37 meters.
Many residents were critical of the expansion plans, as they were not necessary in their eyes and they feared greater noise pollution, increased air pollution and thus a reduction in their quality of life. That is why 60 residents founded the citizens' initiative “No city motorway through Bremen” in the same year . After several protests in 1990, the latter filed a lawsuit with the Administrative Court of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . The following year the judges ruled to the disadvantage of the city that the planning had been flawed. Those responsible at the building authorities appealed against this judgment to the Higher Administrative Court of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and at the same time changed their considerations somewhat. In court there was a comparison between the residents and the city.
First construction phase
In the mid-1990s, planning was changed to expand Schwachhauser Heerstraße in two sections. The first construction phase stretched from the Hollerallee / Graf-Moltke-Straße intersection to the confluence with Kurfürstenallee.
In June 2000 the city of Bremen presented an expansion plan, for which the plan amendment procedure was initiated at the beginning of 2001. This was concluded more than a year later in the planning approval decision of 2002. The citizens' initiative also filed a lawsuit against the new plans, which, however, was rejected by the Higher Administrative Court in 2002.
The road expansion began in July 2003 with the widening of the lanes to 6 meters each, which in some cases meant a widening of ten meters. To this end, the city acquired more than 500 square meters of development space from 18 adjacent private properties. The work on the first construction phase was completed at the end of November 2003 and cost 22.5 million euros.
Second construction phase
The second construction phase extends from the beginning on Dobbenweg to the Hollerallee / Graf-Moltke-Straße intersection. As early as 1999 the Senate approved the overall project for tram line 4, which was linked to the expansion and redesign of Schwachhauser Heerstraße. In November 2000 the plan change procedure was initiated.
In November 2004, the Senate and the citizens' initiative agreed on a compromise which provided for the following:
- High paving of the tram
- Widening of the carriageways to 5.50 meters each
- Central lane markings so that drivers get the impression of two narrow lanes
- Planting twelve new trees
- Improving traffic management for cyclists
- Reduction of the use of private space to 295 square meters
The information about the funds required varied widely. Those responsible in the municipal committees spoke in November 2004 of a calculated 8 million euros for the road section, of which the city would take over 3 million euros. The Bremen financing share for the expansion of the Concordia tunnel amounts to 9 million euros. A little over a year later, on December 8, 2005, the Senator for Environment, Building, Transport and Europe put the total costs at 25 million euros, of which Bremen had to bear 5.1 million euros. This total amount comprised 11 million euros for the expansion of the road section and 14.5 million euros for the widening of the Concordia tunnel. This widening is mainly financed by Deutsche Bahn, as there is a need for renovation of the rails and the bridge.
A complaint by the citizens' initiative was dismissed by the Higher Administrative Court. In the night of February 18, 2007, 16 trees were felled in the second construction phase. The entire construction project was completed in 2010.
Notable buildings
Along the long Schwachhauser Heerstraße there are numerous remarkable, striking or historically important buildings or building ensembles, some of which are listed here as examples.
No. 17: Concordia
The Concordia was a small theater house, which was located as number 17 at kilometer 0.09 on the right-hand side of the road and was thus directly in front of the Concordia tunnel, which owes its name to this house.
No. 23: House Paula Becker
The building called Haus Paula Becker is located at kilometer 0.2 on the right-hand side of the road, directly behind the Concordia tunnel and thus - only separated by the embankment - in the immediate vicinity of the Concordia. The house became famous because it was the home of the popular painter Paula Modersohn-Becker's parents . Their family moved from Dresden to Bremen in 1888 and purchased the building. Modersohn-Becker lived here until 1899 and spent a large part of her life in this house.
The angled house with a veranda, outside staircase, protruding gable and a large garden was built in 1861.
No. 41: office building
The office building at Schwachhauser Heerstraße 41 was built for the Deutsche Apotheker- und Ärztebank (Düsseldorf) in 1971/72 according to plans by the architect Otto Lindner (Düsseldorf). The house, built in the "concrete brut character", received a commendation at the BDA Bremen Prize in 1974. It is used today (2014) by service companies.
No. 54: St. Joseph-Stift
.jpg)
→ Main article: St. Joseph-Stift (Bremen)
The Catholic St. Joseph Stift is one of the largest hospitals in the city of Bremen. It is located at kilometer 0.80 on the left side of the street on the corner of Schubertstrasse, has around 450 beds and employs around 950 people (as of 2017).
The history of the hospital goes back to 1869. On May 11th, members of the Catholic parish of Bremen signed a contract with the nuns of the Franciscan Sisters of St. Mauritz near Münster , which provided that the women in the sick for free and regardless of denomination or status Bremen should provide medical help. The year before, a typhus epidemic was rampant and there were not enough trained specialists in Bremen.
No. 62: House Rüppel or Kapff
After the Second World War, the Kippenberg grammar school also included a villa (No. 62), which was demolished in 1968 and was built in 1863 for the businessman Heinrich Rüppel in the Tudor Gothic style according to plans by the architect Ernst Klingenberg . The house became the property of the wine merchant JWA von Kapff. After his death, his daughter, the painter Aline von Kapff , lived in the building until 1936.
No. 64: Kippenberg-Gymnasium
The Kippenberg-Gymnasium at Schwachhauser Heerstraße 62 at kilometer 1.03 on the left side of the street is one of the most famous educational institutions in the city, which is also rooted in its 150-year history. This begins with the teacher August Kippenberg , who founded a private seminar for teachers in the street Am Wall in 1859 , as there were too few training opportunities for teachers at that time. Nine years later he was allowed to expand the institute into a teaching facility for adult daughters and a teacher training college . On April 14, 1872 he set up a secondary school for girls with the permission of the authorities . Within just ten years, it developed into the largest private secondary school for girls in the German Empire with 750 students . However, the number of enrollments fell sharply after the First World War , and in 1922 the institute lost its status as a private school. After the school buildings on the Wall were too badly damaged by air raids in World War II, a new building for a girls' high school was built on the property on Schwachhauser Heerstrasse in 1953. Several old villas that were already on the site were integrated into the redesign. The Vietor House (formerly Villa Biermann ) is of central importance.
In 1971 the Kippenberg-Gymnasium introduced the co-education of boys and girls. In 1994 the artistic profile branch was initiated at the school. One focus of the lessons is on the subjects of art and music. Course trips to exhibitions or the like are also offered. Today the Kippenberg grammar school with the old grammar school and the Hermann-Böse grammar school are among the most famous schools in Bremen.
No. 78: Villa Gross, Bremer Medienhaus
The Villa Gross was built in 1911 according to plans by August Abbehusen and Otto Blendermann for Professor Dr. med. Heinrich Gross (1869–1954), chief physician at St Joseph Stift, in the neoclassical style on the grounds of the Ernst Geisler garden restaurant. The Bremen media company was located in the building from around 1988 . It was demolished in October 2019.
No. 90: Villa Vollmer
The Villa Vollmer is an Art Nouveau villa by the building contractor Carl Vollmer. The house is one of the few surviving buildings in Bremen that were designed in the style of Art Nouveau throughout.
No. 117: Synagogue
The Bremen synagogue is at 1.34 km on the south side of the road ; a new building from 1961 based on plans by Karl Gerle.
No. 166: Church of St. Ursula
The church of St. Ursula is the largest Roman Catholic church in the city with 500 seats and is one of the most important buildings in Bremen . The church, designed in the shape of a Greek cross , was built in 1968 according to plans by Karl-Heinz Bruns.
No. 361: Housing complex
The residential complex from 1973 based on plans by Gerd Krüger for the construction company Hübotter was awarded in 1974 by the BDA-Bremen.
Cultural monuments
On the Schwachhauser Heerstraße there are numerous cultural monuments - also favored by its course through an old residential area with wealthy residents. These are shown in the following list. The basis for this compilation is the publication of the state monument list of the state monument preservation Bremen with the status of May 7, 2008. First the house number and then the name or the designation of the cultural monument is mentioned. If it is part of a larger ensemble, this is listed in the third column. Finally, the year of construction, the responsible architect, site manager or client as well as the year in which the corresponding cultural monument was entered in the state monument list are named.
| House number |
Surname | part of | Built | architect | registration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 |
St. Ansgarii Church and Community Center |
- | 1955-1957 | Fritz Brandt | 1995 |
| 55 | Residential building | - | 1897 | Albert Diedrich Dunkel | 1984 |
| 57 | Residential building | - | 1897 | Albert Diedrich Dunkel | 1984 |
| 59 | Villa Frese | - | 1897 |
Eduard Gildemeister , Wilhelm Sunkel |
1993 |
| 64 |
Villa Biermann House Blumeneck Vietor House |
Kippenberg high school | 1913 |
Carl Eeg , Eduard Runge |
1981 |
| 67 | Villa Schütte | - | 1914-1915 |
Rudolf Alexander Schröder Rudolph Leymann |
1993 |
| 90 | Villa Vollmer | - | 1901 | - | 1976 |
| 163 | House Wiedemann | - | 1913-1914 |
Alfred Runge and Eduard Scotland |
1998 |
| 170 | House Klatte | - | 1896 | - | 1986 |
| 179 | Church of the Redeemer | - | 1950 |
Eberhard Gildemeister , Hermann Gildemeister |
2001 |
| 181 | Old people's home | - | 1967-1969 | Friedhelm Zeuner | 2001 |
| 222 | Villa Pavenstedt | - | 1927-1929 | Wellermann and Frölich | 1998 |
| 224 | Country house Pappiér | - | 1927-1928 | Rudolf Jacobs | 1998 |
| 240 | House Riensberg | Focke Museum | 1768 | 1973 | |
| 240 | French Gate | Focke Museum | 1758 | Heinrich Rabba | 1973 |
| 240 | Riensberg Manor Park | Focke Museum | 1792 | Isaak Altmann | 1973 |
| 240 | House Mittelbüren | Focke Museum | 17th century | - | 1973 |
| 253 | Miller's house | - | ~ 1790 | - | 1973 |
| 335 | Country house autumn | - | 1909 | Runge and Scotland | 1994 |
| 337 | Country house tack | - | 1907 | Hugo Wagner | 1994 |
For a more comprehensive list of all cultural monuments in the district see: List of cultural monuments in Schwachhausen .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.keine-stadtautobahn.de/Kurzinfo.php
- ↑ http://www.ortsamtmitte.bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/LMP_Mitte.pdf
- ↑ a b Schwarzwälder (2003), page 794
- ↑ http://www.senatspressestelle.bremen.de/detail.php?id=9671
- ↑ http://www.keine-stadtautobahn.de/Pressemitteilungen/PM20051211.php
- ↑ St. Franziskus Foundation Münster : Hospital St. Joseph-Stift Bremen - annual report 2017. In: Jahresbericht.st-franziskus-stiftung.de . 2018, accessed May 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Lara Jedzig: The Palladian villa as representational . University of Bremen , Bachelor thesis from 2017.
literature
Development
- Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X , pp. 175, 441, 442, 591, 469, 470 and 872.
history
- Hans Koschnick , Wilhelm Blase , Gisela Müller-Wolff , Horst Werner Franke , Günther Czichon : Small story of Schwachhausen . Bremen 1967
- Monika Porsch: Bremer Straßenlexikon, Volume 4: Schwachhausen, Horn . Schünemann Verlag , Bremen 1996
- Diethelm Knauf: Schwachhausen 1860–1945 . Edition Temmen, Bremen 1998, ISBN 978-3-86108-606-2
- Herbert Black Forest: The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X , pp. 662 and 794.
- Focke Museum (ed.): Bremen and its districts . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 978-3-86108-685-7
Web links
- Press release by the Senator for the Environment, Building, Transport and Europe from November 2, 2004 on the revision of the plans for the second construction phase
- Press release by the Senator for the Environment, Building, Transport and Europe from February 16, 2007 in preparation for the construction work in the second section
- The official website of the citizens' initiative "No city motorway through Bremen"
- theater laboratory bremen
Coordinates: 53 ° 5 ′ 4 " N , 8 ° 50 ′ 47" E
