Gut Riensberg

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The Riensberg House (2012)

The Good Riensberg or house Riensberg (formerly Rinesberg , Rinesberch , Rinesberghe or Rynsberge written) a historic country estate with a park in Bremen - Schwachhausen , at the Schwachhauser highway . No. 240, which is now part of the Focke-Museum is. It has been a listed building since 1973 .

history

The Riensberg estate was probably created when the Hollerland was settled under Archbishop Friedrich in the 12th century. Like other Vorwerke , it was a so-called "Geerengut", a piece of land on the corner of a field mark , here on the border between the former villages of Schwachhausen, Horn , Vahr and Hastedt . According to Herbert Schwarzwälder , the name may refer to an elevation ( mountain ) on a field boundary ( Rains ). According to Franz Buchenau , Rien refers to the waters of the Gete that flowed past the property.

The property was originally surrounded by a moat and was therefore also called a moated castle , although it was probably just a fortified courtyard. In 1213 the estate was destroyed by the Stedinger , but was then rebuilt. This event is also the first written mention of the Riensberg .

Coat of arms of the Brand family on the Bremen town hall

The inhabitants of the estate were initially farmers of Count Gerhard I von Holstein . Around 1270 a knight Brüning has been handed down as feudal lord, in 1270 Holstein donated the fief to the Bremen church at the request of Archbishop Hildebold . In the 14th century it was allodial property of the Wolde council family, who subsequently called themselves von or van Riensberg - the chronicler Gerd Rinesberch comes from a branch of this family. The later mayor Johann Brand acquired the Herzogenkamp , which was adjacent to the estate, in 1360 from the squire Daniel von Riensberg , and in 1379 a share in the estate itself. From 1430 to 1599 the Brand family provided the lords of Riensberg throughout.

In 1599 the property came into the possession of the very wealthy Schöne family. In 1768 the building was expanded to include a residential wing in a classical style. Schöne bequeathed the property to his son-in-law, the city archivist Heinrich Gerhard Post, in 1792, with which the estate came into the possession of the von Post family and was later known as the "Postenhof" or "Postscher Hof". Around 1810, the English landscape garden , which has existed south of the property since 1797 at the latest, is said to have been extended by Isaak Altmann - the former ring-shaped moat was partially preserved. From today's garden figures for older existing only heard a larger than life Terra (Earth) marble, probably by Giovanni Antonio Cybei to 1766, which since 1810 here (the other three allegories of a sequence of four elements are in Heineken's Park ). Isaak von Post was the last to cultivate the extensive estates as a landlord. Between 1873 and 1875, the Riensberg cemetery was laid out in the corridors of the estate .

The Riensberg house in 1910

When Margarethe von Post died in 1913, she bequeathed the property to the Bremen state in the form of a foundation that was supposed to set up a home for poor women here. In the course of the global economic crisis , however, the foundation lost its capital and the home could not be built. The house was subsequently rented before it served as the headquarters for SS Section XIV from 1936 .

In 1953, as a replacement for the building on Grossenstrasse that had been destroyed in the Second World War , Gut Riensberg became the seat of the Focke Museum , the Bremen State Museum for Art and Cultural History and a crystallization core for the later new buildings. The building currently houses the exhibition areas of Bremen's home decor (with the room of a young woman by Heinrich Vogeler ), European glass art and the children's museum with the toy collection.

The bronze sculpture Great Hephaestus II (1991) by the sculptor Waldemar Otto is in the park . The sculpture was donated by Stadtwerke Bremen .

The Schwachhausen district of Riensberg, the Riensberger Friedhof and the Riensberger Straße are named after the estate .

The manor house

Today's Haus Riensberg consists of two parts of the building that are connected in a T-shape. The northern wing is the older part of the building and is based on a single-storey, elevated Lower Saxony house , which still characterizes the typical Grote Dör ('Big Door'). It served as a stable and hayloft for old farms. In 1768 Otto Christian Schöne had a two-storey house with a far-down, hipped roof built as a bourgeois summer residence on the southern front - towards the park - across the Hofmeierhaus, the wing that remained as a rural living and stable building . The builder is not known, Grohne suspected an influence of the construction methods of North Friesland. Except for the sandstone edging of the doors and windows , the manor house received no further decorations. Only the entrance facing the garden is now crowned by a relief of a supraport (around 1750), which was only transferred here from the destroyed Stoevesandt house in Geeren 47 around 1953 . Nothing has been preserved from the original, undoubtedly very modest, furnishings; all objects and fixtures exhibited in Haus Riensberg today come from the museum's collections. In front of the 20 meter wide garden facade are four impressive lime trees .

The French Gate

The French Gate (2008)

The Franzosentor is a ironwork in the style of Rococo with filigree work Cirrus and flowers that may have been made by Heinrich Rabbah (according Rudolfstein by his son Gerhard Rabbah) to the 1760th The merchant Johann Abraham Retberg originally had it made for his Wolfskuhle estate in Kattenturm . The name of the gate is derived from the fact that the barrels of guns that French soldiers had left behind in Bremen during the Seven Years' War in 1758 were used for the former grille next to the gate . In 1914 the gate was erected in the garden of the Historisches Museum (later called Focke Museum ). When the museum building was destroyed during an air raid in 1944, the French Gate was also severely damaged. The actual gate could be salvaged, but not the former side gates. After the war, it was provisionally repaired and initially installed in the newly created Focke garden in 1952 , but dismantled and stored again in the 1970s. Thanks to a donation from the Reidemeister and Ulrichs Foundation , the gate was restored in 1983 by the master locksmith Kurt Klees and set up in Gut Riensberg. In 2011 it was restored again and its original color - a bright blue - restored.

literature

  • Ernst Grohne : The old Riensberg house, the home of the Focke Museum in Bremen. Bremen 1953.
  • Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
  • Karl H. Schwebel : II. The Bremen patrician family Brand, Lords of Riensberg and heirs of Borgfeld. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Volume 40, Bremen 1941, pp. 86-183.
  • Rudolf Stein : Bremen Baroque and Rococo. Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 1960, pp. 346–352 (Zum Franzosentor, with elevation drawing).
  • Rudolf Stein: Classicism and Romanticism in the architecture of Bremen. Volume 2. Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 1964, pp. 269-272 (about the building).
  • Gustav Brandes: From the gardens of an old Hanseatic city. Bremen 1939, pp. 117–119.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Monument database of the LfD
  2. ↑ a b Herbert Schwarzwälder: The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X , p. 729 .
  3. ^ Franz Buchenau : The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and its area: a contribution to the geography and topography of Germany . Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1862, p.  183 .
  4. ↑ Karl H. Schwebel : II. The Bremen patrician family Brand, lords of Riensberg and heirs of Borgfeld . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . tape  40 . Bremen 1941, p. 86-183 .
  5. ^ Werner Kloos : The Focke Museum in Bremen . Bremen 1974, p.  33 .
  6. ↑ The structure . Bremen 1987, p.  17 .
  7. ^ Rudolf Stein : Classicism and Romanticism in the architecture of Bremen . tape  2 . Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 1964, p. 270 .
  8. ↑ Rudolf Stein: Bremen Baroque and Rococo . Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 1960, p. 346 .
  9. ^ Herbert Black Forest: The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X , p. 273 .
  10. ↑ Franzosentor back in place. In: Weser Courier . May 19, 2011, accessed March 6, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Gut Riensberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 5 ′ 29.5 ″  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 51.2 ″  E