Jewish community in the state of Bremen

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The Jewish community in the state of Bremen is one of the larger Jewish communities in Germany with almost 1,100 members. Until 2000, like the communities of Cologne , Frankfurt , Hamburg and Berlin, it formed an independent regional association within the Central Council of Jews in Germany , which represented the Jewish community in Bremen . Since 2000 the Jewish regional association of Bremen has also represented the Jewish community of Bremerhaven , so that the communities in Bremen and Bremerhaven form their own regional association that includes the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen .

History of the Jewish community (s)

Synagogue in Bremen

In Bremen

In 1803 an Israelite community was founded in Bremen, when the protected Jews living in Barkhof and Hastedt and their residential area and the Jewish cemetery in Deichbruchstrasse in Hastedt were incorporated into the city of Bremen. These protective Jews previously lived in an area belonging to the Kingdom of Hanover , whose residents were taken over by Bremen when the city area was expanded.

In 1819, however, a Jewish commission of the Bremen Council arbitrarily decided to deny the Jews in Bremen an extension of the right of residence, so that in 1826 only two protective Jews lived in Bremen who had been taken over by Hanover.

In 1849 the Jews were again allowed to settle in Bremen. In 1863 the Israelite community was also given corporate rights. In 1856 the first synagogue in Bremen was inaugurated in a house at Marienstraße 12, near the Hillmanns Hotel. In 1865 the company moved to Hankenstrasse. Here the preacher Abraham was active. In 1876 a synagogue was set up in the former Gartenstrasse 6, today Kolpingstrasse, in a house by the architect JD Dunkel. Since 1896 the Israelite community again had a rabbi, Dr. Leopold Rosenak .

From 1916 to 1924 the businessman Siegfried Meyer (died 1935), owner of the Seidenhaus Koopmann clothing store, was the head of the community. In 1924 Max Markreich became chairman of the municipal council. In 1926 the administration of the Israelite Congregation acquired the residential building next to the synagogue and set up the community center, the religious school, a community archive and a “small synagogue” for the weekday worship. When it was inaugurated in 1927, it was named Rosenak House after Leopold Rosenak, who died in 1923.

In 1933 there were 1,314 members in the Israelite Congregation. 440 Jews were Bremen in November 1941 to the ghettos in Minsk and Riga deported . In 1942, 114 Jews from Bremen were brought to the Auschwitz and Theresienstadt concentration camps and murdered. Another 165 Jews were taken to labor education camps in Bremen-Farge in 1944 . In February 1945, 90 Jews from Bremen were brought to the Theresienstadt concentration camp.

On August 16, 1945, another Israelite community was founded, which was entered in the register of associations as an association in 1948. The US occupation government requisitioned the Hirschfeld house at 17 Osterdeich around 1945 and the community had its seat here for a few years. In 1952, the Israelite community received corporate rights. On August 3, 1961, the new synagogue on Schwachhauser Heerstrasse was inaugurated . At that time the congregation still had 150 members. In September 1996 the municipality was renamed. Since then this has been called the Jewish Community in the State of Bremen.

As a result of the influx of Jews from the CIS countries , the Jewish community in the state of Bremen again has over 1,000 members. In 2004 there were 1200 parishioners.

On October 11, 2001, a state treaty was signed between the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Jewish Community in the State of Bremen.

Since 2008, when Rien Berger cemetery the Jewish cemetery Riensberg as the second Jewish cemetery in Bremen.

In Bremen-North

The Jewish community of Aumund was founded around 1840. Since it was forbidden for Jews to settle in Bremen or to acquire land until 1848, the synagogue was built in Aumund, then in Hanover. The community also included the Jews in Blumenthal , Grohn, Fähr, Rönnebeck, Rekum and later also those in Lobbendorf, Vegesack and Lesum . The synagogue on Kirchenstrasse was destroyed on November 10, 1938 by members of the Bremen SA. 60 Jews from Blumenthal, Aumund and Vegesack were deported to Minsk in 1941 as part of the “Final Solution” and murdered there in July 1942.

In Bremerhaven

Memorial stone with a wreath at the place in Bremerhaven where the synagogue stood until November 9, 1938

In November 2000 a new Jewish community with 30 members was founded in Bremerhaven: The Jüdische Gemeinschaft Bremerhaven eV has its seat in Bremerhaven, Kleiner Blink 6. It was thus the first Jewish community in Bremerhaven after 1938. As the former synagogue on Schulstrasse in the district Geestemünde had been destroyed in 1938, they set up a new synagogue in the church at Kleiner Blink, a church belonging to the American barracks, which was inaugurated on November 27, 2000 with the presentation of Torah scrolls. A memorial stone still reminds of the old synagogue.
In March 2014, the Bremerhaven community was given part of the Spadener Höhe cemetery because the capacity of the Jewish cemetery in Lehe had been reached.

literature

  • Regina Bruss: The Bremen Jews under National Socialism. Publications from the State Archives of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Vol. 49, Bremen 1983. PDF online version
  • Anne E. Dünzelmann : Jews in Hastedt. On the history of Jewish life in Bremen since 1782. Kellner non-fiction book publisher, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-927155-24-1 .
  • this., Dieter Fricke & Hartmut Müller : Bremen. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . 2 volumes. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 308–343.
  • Cecilie Eckler-von Gleich & Rosie Kühne: Jews in Walle. Life in the district and persecution during National Socialism. Steintor, Bremen 1990, ISBN 3-926028-60-2 .
  • Jeanette Jakubowski: History of the Jewish cemetery in Bremen. Donat Verlag , Bremen 2002, ISBN 3-934836-12-7 .
  • Josef Kastein : What it means to be a Jew. A childhood in Bremen. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2004, ISBN 3-86108-549-6
  • Max Markreich : History of the Jews in Bremen and the surrounding area. Edited by Helge-Baruch Barach-Burwitz. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-692-1 .
  • Peter Meier-Hüsing & Dirk Otten: The Jewish community in the state of Bremen . In: Handbook of the religious communities in Bremen. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-694-8 .
  • Andreas Röpcke , Günther Rohdenburg (ed.): It is actually going to Minsk. Texts and materials commemorating the deportation of Jews from Bremen on January 18, 1941 to the Minsk extermination camp. State Archives Bremen, 1992; 2nd revised edition ibid. 2001, ISBN 3-925729-33-X .
  • Rolf Rübsam: They lived among us. In memory of the victims of the "Reichskristallnacht" in 1938 in Bremen and the surrounding area. Hauschild, Bremen 1988, ISBN 3-926598-09-3 .
  • The Senator for Justice and Constitution of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen in connection with the Israelite Community of Bremen: "Reichskristallnacht" in Bremen. Prehistory, course of events and judicial management of the pogrom of 9/10 November 1938. Steintor, Bremen 1988, ISBN 3-926028-40-8 .
    • Karla Müller-Tupath: The Israelite Congregation in Bremen. Pp. 8-13.
    • Inge Marßolek : On the life of the Jews in Bremen under the Nazi regime until 1938. pp. 27–38.
    • this: On the life of the Jews after 1938 and during the war. Pp. 60-68.
  • Uwe Weiher: The Jewish community on the Lower Weser. From “German citizen of Jewish faith” to “enemy in one's own country”. Bremerhaven City Archives, 1989, ISBN 3-923851-10-3 .
  • Wolfgang Wippermann : Jewish life in the Bremerhaven area. A case study on the everyday history of Jews from the 18th century to the Nazi era. Bremerhaven City Archives, 1985, ISBN 3-923851-03-0 .

Web links

Commons : Synagogues in Bremen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Rosenak-Haus ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 209 kB), Flyer from School without Racism - School with Courage  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schule-ohne-rassismus.org
  2. ↑ Jüdische Zeitung : Where the synagogue once stood ... ( Memento from August 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) March 2008
  3. ^ Future (information sheet of the Central Council of Jews in Germany ): "We are a living community" . March 19, 2004
  4. ↑ Contract between the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Jewish Community in the State of Bremen ( PDF; 183 kB ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rathaus-bremen.de
  5. ↑ http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Bremen-Vegesack
  6. ↑ Elbe-Weser-Aktuell: The Torah comes in November ( Memento of the original from December 9th, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . October 21, 2000  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / werften.fischtown.de
  7. ↑ Die Welt : The Torah is back in Bremerhaven . November 30, 2000
  8. ↑ Greeting from Mayor Melf Grantz on the handover of the new Jewish cemetery to the Jewish community. City of Bremerhaven, March 12, 2014, accessed on March 13, 2014 .