Domsheide
| Domsheide | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data | |
| city | Bremen |
| district | Bremen-center |
| Created | 16th century |
| Newly designed | around 1900, after 1806, after 1946, around 1985 |
| Confluent streets | Am Dom, Violenstrasse , Ostertorstrasse, Balgebrückstrasse |
| Buildings | Main post office 1 , courthouse , cathedral district |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , individual traffic , public transport |
-Braun-Hogenberg.png)
right: Domsheide
above / middle: Domshof with cathedral
below / left: market square with town hall
above the market: Liebfrauenkirche
The Domsheide is a square in Bremen that is one of the three most important traffic hubs of the public transport network. Almost all trams and two major bus routes cross the square.
It is located to the east of the Bremen market square and south of the Bremen Cathedral . Ostertorstrasse, Dechanatstrasse, Balgebrückstrasse and Violenstrasse go from it. The Schnoor and the Johanneskirche close to the Domsheide in the south.
Adjacent buildings are u. a. the main post office 1 , the courthouse , the cathedral district with the bell , the annex building and the Volksbank. The design of the Domsheide is relatively inconsistent, characterized by the materials sandstone and dark red brick , red clinker (including bell), yellow clinker, plaster, concrete, marble and the light red tower for the tram.
history
Middle Ages and Reformation
In the Middle Ages there was an open area south of the cathedral, which was known as Wulverickesheide . The heather was vacant land and Wulverick was likely the name of the owner. Later the area was referred to only as heather and since the 16th century finally as Domsheide, since in the Middle Ages the archbishop held his court here under a linden tree.
The Domsheide belonged to the cathedral district , which was also known as cathedral immunity or cathedral freedom and, as an enclave from the 10th century to 1803, belonged sovereignly and legally to the diocese of Bremen , i.e. it was not subject to the council of the city of Bremen. The small cathedral district was initially separated as a cathedral castle by a wall that was torn down in the 11th century. After that, the cathedral, parts of the Domsheide and the Domshof were no longer structurally separated from the rest of the city enclosed by the common Bremen city wall .
Bell: South of the cathedral there was an octagonal building of the cathedral chapter in the Middle Ages, which was named the bell due to its tower-like shape . This is where the cathedral chapter's deliberations and, since 1648, the court court meetings took place. In 1737 a new building was built in the shape of an octagon , which became Bremen in 1803. The bell has belonged to the artists' association since 1857 .
Chapter house of the cathedral parish : In 1642 the chapter house south of the cathedralhousedthe Athenaeum , as a Lutheran Latin or cathedral school and Athenaeum Bremen, and in 1817 the school of scholars.
The Eschenhof
The Eschenhof - today the main post office - was initially the seat of the cathedral curia, represented by the cathedral dean. The last cathedral dean, Jodocus Schulte, lived here until 1649. The cathedral area became Swedish in 1648 . Queen Christine of Sweden donated the house to her favorite, State Secretary Anders Gyldenklou . After that, the Eschenhof was the residence for the Duchy of Bremen belonging to Sweden . Its president Alexander Erskein resided here from 1653 to 1656 and the building was named after him (Esken = Eschen). His heirs continued to live here. In 1681 the building came back to the Swedish crown and was temporarily the seat of the imperial resident. The Eschenhof fell to Bremen through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. From 1810 to 1813 it was the seat of the French prefect for the department of the Weser estuaries, Philipp Karl Graf von Arberg . The main school was housed in the building since 1819 . In 1875 the house was demolished in favor of a new building for the post office.
Modern times
In 1733 the area was leveled, fenced and planted.
It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that building work began to encircle the square. In the middle of the square stood the Gustav Adolf Monument, originally intended for Gothenburg , since 1856 , which - like many monuments - fell victim to the “metal donation” for the armaments industry in 1942. A second cast of this monument is still in Gothenburg, a replica in Tartu (Estonia). The Debber boys' pre-school stood at Domsheide No. 15 until 1872; the site of the main post office is also here today.
As early as 1806 there was a post office on Domsheide, and for a short time until 1813 there was also the central post office. From 1875 to 1878 the new Kaiserliche Oberpostdirektion Bremen (main post office 1) was built on the site of the Eschenhof and the school according to plans by the Berlin architect Carl Schwatlo .
In 1854, the Bremen Freimarkt took place on the square with stalls and rides .
The historicizing court house designed by the Oldenburg architect Ludwig Klingenberg was built for the Bremen Regional Court from 1891 to 1895 . It was only slightly damaged in 1944.
After a fire in 1915, the old bell was torn down in 1928. The new building was built according to plans by Walter Görig .
In 1960, the Balgebrückstraße was widened, extended from its former endpoint Wachtstraße to Domsheide and initially used as a parking lot. Since 1965, the trams have been traveling to and from the Great Weser Bridge via Domsheide on this route, and the main transfer point for the Bremen tram has been moved here from the market square.
The 1968 Bremen tram riots took place on the square from January 15th to 22nd. They were primarily directed against the fare increases.
The Volksbank designed by Carsten Schröck is built around 1970 . The bank decided to demolish it in 2011. The square is thoroughly redesigned in the 1980s based on designs by the landscape architect Marlene Zlonicky from Essen . The tram now runs through Violenstrasse. A small red stone traffic monitoring tower , designed by Per Kirkeby , has stood on the south side of the square since 1988.
Monument protection
The following buildings are currently under monument protection :
- Am Dom 5a:, Business and office building by Heinrich Müller , 1861–1864
- Domsheide 2: Rectory of the cathedral parish from 1845
- Domsheide 3: Kulenkampff house from 1848, formerly Johannisloge "Zum Oelzweig"
- Commercial buildings Domsheide 4 and 5
- Domsheide 6 to 8: The bell, chapter house, concert hall, restaurant from 1928
- Domsheide 15: Main Post Office 1 from 1879
- Domsheide 16: Courthouse and remand prison from 1895 and 1906 respectively
→ See the list of cultural monuments in Bremen-Mitte. Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 29 ″ N , 8 ° 48 ′ 33 ″ E
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wilfried Helling : Village and Domburg as an old Bremen settlement area . In: Der Aufbau , Verlag Wiederaufbau, Bremen 1999.
- ↑ At Domsheide No. 22 there were initially curia buildings, then from 1750 a private house, which was converted into a restaurant with the name Börsenhalle after 1834 . In 1891 a bank built a representative building. Sylvelin Wissmann: Your beloved hometown a new adornment - The Gustav Adof statue in Bremen , in: Bremisches Jahrbuch 89, 2010, pp. 11-28.
- ↑ Frank Hethey: The tram did not arrive at Domsheide on January 10, 2016 on www.bremen-history.de
- ↑ Verkehrs-Turm Bremen on architektur-bildarchiv.de, accessed on August 25, 2019.
- ↑ #Werkschau: Per Kirkeby in the Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Museum February 19, 2016 on glucke-magazin.de, accessed on August 29, 2019.
- ↑ Börsenhof A in the monument database of the LfD
- ^ Rectory of the cathedral parish in the monument database of the LfD
- ↑ The bell in the monument database of the LfD
- ↑ Main Post Office 1 in the monument database of the LfD
- ↑ Regional Court in the monument database of the LfD