K-pop

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K-pop

Development phase: Early 1990s
Place of origin: Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea
Stylistic precursors
Korean music, pop music
Instruments typical of the genre
Vocals , drum computers , e-drums , e-bass , acoustic guitars , synthesizers , keyboard instruments , samplers , sequencers , DAW , percussion instruments , groovebox
Influences
Dancepop , Eurodance , Electropop , EDM , Jazz , Hip-Hop , Reggae , R 'n' B

K-Pop (Korean Popular Music) is a collective term for Korean-language pop music and describes a broad musical genre that established itself in the Korean music world in the 1990s as an analogue to Japanese J-Pop . In South Korea , the style is also often called Gayo ( 가요 ). K-Pop achieved worldwide fame through the Korean wave (also Hallyu , Hangeul , 한류 ).

history

The beginnings of today's music, which is assigned to this genre, are said to have been anchored in Korean culture by around the end of the 19th century . She is said to have been strongly influenced by the Japanese popular culture of the time. Although the Korean singers were quite talented, their colonial position prevented them from expressing themselves artistically. The next decisive point in the development is said to have been the concerts organized by US troops in the period from 1950 to 1960 , which are said to have brought another piece of modern Western culture closer to the South Koreans. As a result, many young bands based on the American model were founded. Three different styles of music should have quickly emerged from this:

  • Boy and girl groups designed according to Western models , which mainly focus on their attractiveness.
  • A technically more difficult and older genre: Trot , whose roots go back to the influence of Japan on Korea during the colonial period and which appealed to a predominantly older audience.
  • In the 1960s, many singer-songwriters had their breakthrough and reflected in their songs personal experiences and difficulties in life.

In the early 1990s, a fourth genre established itself - going back to South Korea's pop musician Seo Taiji . The formation of the group Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 is therefore considered to be a turning point for South Korean pop music, as the group incorporated elements of Western music styles rap , rock and techno into their music. The enormous success of Seo Taiji and Boys in South Korea and also other experimental groups set the trend for today's generation of K-pop groups and artists.

Todays situation

After the import of Japanese pop music ( J-Pop ) was allowed in 1999, their sales rose steadily, but play only a subordinate role compared to the Korean wave. In Asia, K-Pop is widespread and in other countries it is sometimes more popular than the competition, which is partly due to the external attractiveness of the musicians.

In particular, the three big talent agencies SM Entertainment , YG and JYP take children under contract at a very young age and train them. They get foreign language, dance and singing lessons as well as general schooling. They also learn impeccable behavior and how to deal with fans and journalists. The trainees receive points for this, and those with the highest scores are ultimately selected for a pop group. The term “ South Korean Idols ” or “Idols” for short was coined for the casting bands that were created in this way.

There is constant controversy in South Korea regarding the treatment of stars by their talent agencies. The trainees often sign “slave contracts” through which the talent agency has a great influence on the private life of the people, while the trainee / star has little influence on his financial remuneration. A well-known example is the TVXQ group , which sued SM Entertainment in 2009 because the 13-year contracts are too long and they hardly get any money for their success. The court found them right and three of the members left SM Entertainment and founded JYJ . However, with the international success of K-Pop and the greater influence of foreign companies, there is more and more rethinking among those involved, and long-term contracts over 13 years are becoming increasingly rare. The pay of the K-pop singers remains poor, however, as the management pays for the education, dance training, choreographers, assistants, songwriters and the "dormitory" and these costs are deducted from the stars' salaries. Systematic sexual exploitation is also reported.

In Malaysia , K-pop is being used more and more to overcome the cultural and linguistic barriers of Malays , Chinese and Indians , as this style of music is popular with all ethnic groups. It also shows that K-pop fans are very emotionally bound to the genre of music. These record the lyrics and can be motivated not to give up . The fans appreciate the hard training and the complex dance steps and admire the character and appearance of their stars. It moved many to Korean to learn and Korean food to go.

With K-Pop one means Korean-language songs, nowadays also with a few English words. If a Korean artist records a song entirely in English, this falls into the pop category . This explains that the term K-Pop does not refer to the origin of the performers. This is often misunderstood by fans of the genre, as South Korean artists are increasingly making a Japanese-language debut, which fans also refer to as K-Pop or Japanese K-Pop ; However, since K-Pop is a particular genre of music, Japanese-language pop songs, including those by South Korean performers, would fall into the J-Pop category.

While K-Pop has already established itself successfully in many parts of the world, the music television broadcaster Viva in Germany played more K-Pop songs in the mid-2010s. With the 2018 Winter Olympics , which took place in Pyeongchang , South Korea , K-Pop again attracted increasing attention in Germany. The games were accompanied by K-Pop, which was also followed by media coverage. Furthermore, the song Toy by the Israeli singer Netta , which was heavily influenced by Korean pop music, won the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 . In 2016 , singer Jamie Lee , who is also a big K-Pop fan, took part for Germany . The boy band BTS , also known as Bangtan Boys , achieved huge success . With their album Love Yourself: Tear they reached number one on the US Billboard 200 (album charts). This makes them the first Korean band to top the Billboard album charts. It is also the first non-English-language album in 12 years at number one on the US album charts.

Especially in the League of Legends community, the appearance of the virtual group K / DA, set to music by Jeon So-yeon and Cho Miyeon from (G) I-DLE , Jaira Burns and Madison Beer , at the World Championship with their Song POP / STARS increased in popularity.

K-pop cover groups, in which the members do not recreate the singing but rather the dances of the bands, have also become increasingly popular. There are competitions around the world such as the Kbase Contest in which these groups compete against each other.

See also

literature

  • Jungwon Kim: K- Popping: Korean Women, K-Pop, and Fandom . December 2017 (English, escholarship.org [PDF] dissertation).
  • Michael Fuhr: Globalization and Popular Music in South Korea. Sounding out K-Pop. Routledge, New York 2016

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Marshall Cavendish Corporation (Ed.): World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia . Marshall Cavendish, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7614-7631-3 , pp. 971 .
  2. ^ Philippe Mesmer: La vague pop coréenne gagne l'Europe. In: Le Monde . June 10, 2011, archived from the original on June 10, 2011 ; Retrieved January 13, 2012 (French).
  3. a b K-Pop. The world revolution is being planned in South Korea: with googly eyes, Gaga texts and a tough strategy. (No longer available online.) In: arte . March 1, 2012, archived from the original on March 8, 2012 ; Retrieved March 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arte.tv
  4. Mark Siemons: Asia's Pop Culture: That's the Perfect Wave. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . November 3, 2011, accessed March 3, 2012 .
  5. ^ Lucy Williamson: The dark side of South Korean pop music. In: BBC . June 14, 2011, accessed March 3, 2012 .
  6. South Korea: Systematic sexual exploitation in the K-pop world , in derstandard.at of March 8, 2016, accessed on March 9, 2016
  7. Jennifer Pak: Malaysian firms tap into K-Pop power. In: BBC. July 3, 2012, Retrieved July 4, 2012 (Korean).
  8. a b c d Cynthia Green: What Exactly is K-Pop, Anyway? In: JSTOR Daily. January 14, 2018, accessed October 27, 2018 .
  9. 10 K-Pop Songs for Beginners. In: Viva.tv . March 31, 2016, accessed May 26, 2018 .
  10. Uwe Schmitt: Why Olympia ends in the Korean War of Pop Music. In: The world . February 24, 2018, accessed May 26, 2018 .
  11. Yaena Kwon: K-Pop - a style of music inspires South Korea. (No longer available online.) In: ZDF-Mediathek . February 18, 2018, archived from the original on May 27, 2018 ; accessed on May 26, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / olympia.zdf.de
  12. Hallyu - K-Pop is part of the Korean wave. In: Berliner Morgenpost . dpa , February 21, 2018, accessed on May 26, 2018 .
  13. What you need to know about South Korea before Pyeongchang 2018. In: Deutsche Welle . February 2, 2018, accessed May 26, 2018 .
  14. ^ Felix Bayer: For Israel. For diversity. In: Spiegel Online . May 13, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018 .
  15. ESC in Lisbon between electro sound and opera. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . dpa, May 2, 2018, accessed on May 29, 2018 .
  16. Jamie-Lee Kriewitz: "My school supports me to the fullest!" [Interview ] escxtra.com, February 23, 2016, accessed April 30, 2016.
  17. Jump up ↑ K-Pop tops the US album charts for the first time. In: Spiegel Online . May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018 .
  18. League of Legends K / DA saves Riot Games. In: SPORT1 . November 13, 2018, accessed December 2, 2018 .
  19. THE CONTEST IS POSTPONED TO 2020 !!! THE CONTEST IS DELAYED UNTIL 2020! Accessed December 18, 2019 (German).

Web links

Commons : K-Pop  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files