Nova Friburgo

Município de Nova Friburgo "Capital Nacional da Moda Íntima" "Suíça Brasileira" Nova Friburgo
View of the city center of Nova Friburgo
Nova Friburgo
Coordinates	22 ° 17 ′  S , 42 ° 32 ′  W Coordinates: 22 ° 17 ′  S , 42 ° 32 ′  W
Location of the municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Symbols
coat of arms flag
founding	16 May 1818 (age 202)
Basic data
Country	Brazil
State	Rio de Janeiro
structure	7 districts
height	846 m
climate	tropical mountain climate, Cwb
surface	935.4 km²
Residents	182,082 (2010)
density	194.7  Ew. / km²
estimate	190,631 (July 1, 2019)
Parish code	IBGE : 3303401
Telephone code	(+55)  22
Time zone	UTC −3
Website	www.pmnf.rj (Brazilian Portuguese)
politics
City Prefect	Renato Bravo (2017-2020)
Political party	Progressistas (PP)

Nova Friburgo ( German  Neufreiburg , officially Portuguese Município de Nova Friburgo ) is a city and a district in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro . It is located in the Serra Fluminense at approx. 850 meters above sea level, 130 kilometers northeast of the city of Rio de Janeiro . At the 2010 census, the municipality had 182,082 inhabitants; the population was estimated on July 1, 2019 at 190,631 inhabitants, the Friburguens (Portuguese friburguenses , German also Neufreiburger) are called and live in a community area of ​​around 935.4 km².

geography

Several rivers have their source near the city of Nova Friburgo: Rio Grande , Rio Bengalas , Rio Macaé , Rio Cônego , Rio Santo Antônio and many smaller ones.

The inner city of Nova Friburgos lies at 846 m; this height is indicated on a plaque at the foot of the statue of Alberto Braune on Praça Getúlio Vargas. Another plaque on the statue of Getúlio Vargas marked the center of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Some parts of the Nova Friburgo district, for example Caledônia and Mury, reach an altitude of over 1000 m. Others, like São Romão in Lumiar, reach a maximum height of 200 m.

Highest elevations

• Pico Maior de Friburgo - the highest point of the Serra do Mar , with a height of 2,316 m.
• Pico Médio de Friburgo - 2,285 m
• Pico Menor de Friburgo - 2,262 m
• Pico da Caledônia - 2,219 m
• Pedra do Capacete - 2,200 m
• Pedra Cabeça de Dragão (Dragon Head) - 2,018 m
• Garrafão - 1,750 m

climate

Nova Friburgo has a tropical mountain climate with cold and dry winters and warm, humid summers. The mean temperature is 16 ° C. In the higher regions of the municipality, sub-zero temperatures and snow were also reported. The highest measured temperature was 37 ° C, measured on January 27, 1986. The lowest measured temperature was −2.5 ° C on July 15, 1892.

Nova Friburgo
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     208   27 17th     168   27 17th     150   27 17th     74   24 14th     46   23 12     48   20th 9     20th   19th 8th     23   21st 10     41   23 12     84   24 14th     170   24 15th     239   25th 16 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Nova Friburgo Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 27 27 27 24 23 20th 19th 21st 23 24 24 25th O 23.7 Min. Temperature (° C) 17th 17th 17th 14th 12 9 8th 10 12 14th 15th 16 O 13.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 208 168 150 74 46 48 20th 23 41 84 170 239 Σ 1,271 Source: missing

history

Nova Friburgo was initially founded by 261 families who emigrated from Switzerland to Brazil between 1819 and 1820, a total of 1682 immigrants. It was almost exclusively people who were forced to emigrate for economic and social reasons. The community was christened "Nova Friburgo" in honor of its Swiss hometown Freiburg (Friburgo in Portuguese, Friborg in French). It was the first community in Brazil to be settled by the Swiss and the first non-Portuguese-speaking colony on Brazilian soil. The first immigrants settled here between May 3rd and 4th, 1824, two months before São Leopoldo ( Rio Grande do Sul ) was settled.

On May 16, 1818 King João VI allowed . Swiss immigrants mostly from Freiburg came (Friborg) to immigrate to Brazil and to the Fazenda do Morro Queimado in Cantagalo , State of Rio de Janeiro to settle. The location was selected after weighing up the climatic conditions that were similar to the origin of the immigrants. Many emigrants left Estavayer-le-Lac on Lake Neuchâtel on July 4, 1819 with three ships heading for Basel and Rotterdam. Several people fell ill on the trip and some died on the way. The first ship arrived in Rio de Janeiro on November 4, 1819. Finally, by 1820, 261 families from Switzerland had reached the place with half-finished barracks, 161 more than had originally been approved. With the unexpected stream of settlers, Nova Friburgo was awarded the status of an officially recognized municipality as Vila de Nova Friburgo on January 3, 1820 and was spun off from the municipality of Vila de Cantagalo. The exercise of self-administration finally took place on April 17, 1820. The construction of the village, the future city and the reclamation of the soil turned out to be more difficult than expected, as a lot of construction work was destroyed by floods in the first rainy season.

After Brazil's independence was proclaimed (1822), the country's government sent Major Georg Anton Schäffer to Germany to negotiate the end of the flow of settlers to Leopoldina and Frankenthal in Bahia. For various reasons, the settlers found themselves in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived in 1824.

On January 8, 1890 Nova Friburgo was raised to one of the Brazilian municipal cities, which has been divided into seven districts since 1994. The reason for the new status was the steady increase in the population, primarily through Italian, Portuguese and Syrian immigrants.

In 1872, Bernardo Clemente Pinto Sobrinho , the second Baron of Nova Friburgo, connected the city to the " Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina " railway network . This connection was primarily important for the export of coffee and other agricultural products from the region around Cantagalo. This connection, the improvement of the connection to Rio de Janeiro and Niterói and the expansion of industry and tourism ensured steady growth in the city's economic situation. The railway line was shut down in 1960; In 2007, MEP Rogério Cabral ( PSB ) submitted the request to reopen the route for tourist purposes. Around the year 2000 only a few hotels, restaurants and the names of the descendants of the first colonists reminded of the Swiss past.

In May 2018 Nova Friburgo celebrated its bicentenary in the presence of many Swiss from Friborg.

Diocese of Nova Friburgo

• Diocese of Nova Friburgo

Infrastructure

education

In recent years, various institutions have opened further higher education institutions in Nova Friburgo. As a result, the profile of the city is changing more and more away from the original industrial cityscape towards an image based on education.

When it comes to secondary education, the city is one of the best institutions in Brazil. In the ENEM 2007, the Colégio Anchieta reached 17th place in a national comparison.

The city is home to the Faculdade de Filosofia Santa Doroteia, CEFET and Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo (FONF) universities . There are also institutes of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ, IPRJ), Universidade Cândido Mendes (UCAM) and Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA).

Culture

Every year the traditional graduation ceremonies of the five samba schools (Acadêmicos do Prado, Alunos do Samba, Imperatriz de Olaria, Unidos da Saudade e Vilage no Samba) take place in the city center on Avenida Alberto Braune between Rua Ariosto Bento de Mello and the town hall. The Teatro Municipal Ariano Suassuna, on Praça do Suspiro, opened in 2008, and the symphony orchestra of the Universidade Candido Mendes are also part of the city's cultural life.

Sports

Various (trend) sports can be practiced in Nova Friburgo: canoeing, downhill, mountaineering, off-road, paragliding, trekking.

The city's largest football club, Friburguense AC , was founded on March 14, 1980. The team achieved their first notable results in the early 1990s. Friburguense took part in all 13 Campeonatos Estaduais ( Rio state championship ) since 1997 and was never seriously in danger of relegation. Today the association has 1,300 members. Friburguense plays in the Eduardo Guinle Stadium (12,000 seats).

economy

In addition to the emerging tourism, Nova Friburgo is still an agricultural center. In the area, vegetables are mainly grown and livestock, especially turkey farming. Another important branch of the economy is the textile industry. In particular, there are numerous factories that manufacture underwear.

sons and daughters of the town

• Agenor Lafayette de Roure (1870–1935), journalist and politician, 1930 Minister of Finance
• Guilherme Edelberto Hermsdorff (1889-?), Agricultural entrepreneur and politician, 1934 Minister of Agriculture
• Alberto da Veiga Guignard (1896–1962), painter
• Amâncio Mário de Azevedo (1904–1979), politician
• José Thurler (1913–1992), bishop
• Clóvis Bornay (1916–2005), museologist, carnival activist
• Og Moreira (* 1917), football player
• Maurício Rangel Reis (1922–1986), politician, 1974–1979 Minister of the Interior
• José Eugênio Müller (1924–1973), local politician
• Anélio Latini Filho (1926–1986), painter and draftsman, pioneer of animation in Brazil
• Lygia Pape (1927-2004), artist
• Flávio Pinho ( Florindo , * 1929), football player
• Roberto Farias (* 1932), television and film director
• Larry Pinto de Faria (born 1932), football player
• Léa Maria Fonseca da Costa (1937-2000), Afro-Brazilian priestess
• Reginaldo Faria (* 1937), actor and director
• Edmo Zarife (1940–1999), radio host
• Benito di Paula (* 1941), singer
• Ísis de Oliveira (born 1949), actress
• Ivanir Calado (* 1953), writer
• Luiz Eduardo Soares (* 1954), political scientist, writer and politician
• Olney Botelho (* 1960), entrepreneur and politician
• Maurício Farias (* 1960), director
• Rogério Cabral (* 1962), politician
• Jairo Nicolau (* 1964), political scientist and university professor
• Luma de Oliveira (* 1967), model
• David Rangel (* 1970), radio presenter
• Gustavo Nery (* 1977), soccer player, among others with Werder Bremen
• Felipe Tigrão (* 1979), football player
• Glauber Braga (* 1982), politician
• Edson Barboza (* 1986), mixed martial arts martial artist
• Aimée Madureira (* 1993), actress
• David Lucas (* 1995), actor

The painter Arthur Kaufmann , a co-founder of the Düsseldorf artists' association Das Junge Rheinland, died in Nova Friburgo in 1971 .

literature

• Alex Capus : 13 true stories. Historical miniatures. Deuticke, Vienna 2004; dtv, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-423-13470-4 , pp. 47–59: Adventure Nova Friburgo
• Georges Ducotterd, Robert Loup: Terre! Terre! - Récit historique de l'émigration suisse au Brésil in 1819 . Réimpression de l'édition originale de 1939, Éditions La Sarine, Friborg 2018. ISBN 978-2-88355-187-9 .
• Regina Lo Bianco (photography), Martin Nicoulin, João Raimundo de Araújo, et al .: Nova Friburgo (Brasil) . Association Friborg – Nova Friburgo / Éditions La Sarine, Friborg 2005. ISBN 2-88355-088-3 .
• Martin Nicoulin: Adventure of the Swiss in Nova Friburgo . Friborg – Nova Friburgo Association / Friborg Cantonal and University Library , Friborg 2000. ISBN 2-940058-18-0 .
• Martin Nicoulin: La genèse de Nova Friburgo - Emigration et colonization suisse au Brésil 1817–1827 . Volume 2, 6ème édition, Éditions Universitaires, Friborg 2002. ISBN 2-8271-0409-1 .

Web links

Commons : Nova Friburgo  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• City Prefecture website , Prefeitura Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• City Council website , Câmara Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• Nova Friburgo. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)(Brazilian Portuguese, updated statistical information). 
• The Lucerne emigration to Nova Friburgo in Brazil in 1819

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Nova Friburgo climate: average temperature, weather by month, Nova Friburgo weather averages. In: de.climate-data.org. Retrieved October 2, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Nova Friburgo - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed October 2, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
3. ^ Renato Bravo 11 (Prefeito). In: todapolitica.com. Eleições 2016, accessed October 2, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
4. ↑ ^{a b} IBGE: Cidades @ Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo: Histórico. [Portuguese, accessed July 23, 2016].
5. ↑ Alex Capus : 13 True Stories. Historical miniatures. Deuticke, Vienna 2004; dtv, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-423-13470-4 , pp. 47–59: Adventure Nova Friburgo
6. ↑ Urs Haenni: 10,000 people celebrate the bicentennial city of Nova Friburgo. In: Freiburger Nachrichten. May 18, 2018, accessed January 7, 2020 .