Rio Grande do Sul

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Rio Grande do Sul
Uruguay Argentinien Paraguay Peru Chile Kolumbien Venezuela Guyana Surinam Frankreich Bolivien Amapá Roraima Acre Amazonas Pará Rondônia Maranhão Piauí Ceará Rio Grande do Norte Paraíba Pernambuco Alagoas Sergipe Tocantins Mato Grosso Espírito Santo Distrito Federal do Brasil Bahia Rio de Janeiro Goiás Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais São Paulo Paraná Santa Catarina Rio Grande do Sullocation
About this picture
Symbols
flag
flag
coat of arms
coat of arms
Motto
"Liberdade, Igualdade, Humanidade"
, Freedom, Equality, Humanity '
Basic data
Country Brazil
Capital Porto Alegre
surface 281,707.2 km²
Residents 11,377,239 (estimate as of July 1, 2019)
density 40 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 BR-RS
Website www.rs.gov.br (Brazilian Portuguese)
politics
governor Eduardo Leite (2019-2022)
Political party PSDB
economy
GDP 423,151,000  million  R $
37,371  R $ per capita
(2017)

Coordinates: 30 °  S , 53 °  W

Rio Grande do Sul [ ʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒ du suw ], officially Portuguese Estado do Rio Grande do Sul , is the southernmost of the 27 states in Brazil and is divided into 496 municipalities (municípios) . The population was estimated on July 1, 2019 at 11,377,239 inhabitants, the capital is Porto Alegre .

geography

Porto Alegre
Country road

The population was around 10.69 million in 2010. Of these, around 1.6 million (14.9%) lived in rural areas, 9.1 million (85.1%) were urban residents (2010) . Rio Grande do Sul has an area of ​​around 281,707 km² in 2018, the population density is 40 inhabitants per km². It only covers a little more than 3% of the area of ​​Brazil, where it is the home of 6% of the Brazilian population.

The state is bordered by Uruguay to the south and Argentina to the west . In the east, Rio Grande do Sul is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean , in the north by the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina , from which it is separated by the Rio Pelotas , one of the headwaters of the Río Uruguay . The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated plateau, which extends over São Paulo through the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, which is often broken through by low mountain ranges, the general direction of which, against the trend of the slope, gives them the appearance of cliffs . A low mountain range spreads south from the Serra do Mar of Santa Catarina and crosses the state to Uruguay.

To the west of this mountain range lies a huge, grassy plain. The northern and highest part of the province is suitable for sheep breeding, while the southern part is mainly used for cattle breeding. Further to the east there is a wide area, only slightly above sea level, within which there are two estuary lagoons: Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim , which are separated from the ocean by two sandy, partly barren peninsulas. The coast is a large sandy beach, interrupted by the flow of two lakes called the Rio Grande, which is the entrance to the navigable inland waters and various ports.

The capital is Porto Alegre , other important cities are Caxias do Sul , Canoas , Santa Maria , Nova Petrópolis , Pelotas , Passo Fundo , Rio Grande and Uruguaiana as well as Novo Hamburgo and São Leopoldo , centers of the descendants of the German immigrants, where a lot of German and the dialect Riograndenser Hunsrückisch is spoken. The descendants of Pomeranian immigrants ( Pomerano , Pommeranos ) living far inland speak z. Sometimes still Eastern Pomeranian .

The places Canela and Gramado in the Serra Gaúcha are particularly attractive for tourists because of the “colonial ambience” and their beautiful location . In 1984 the ruins of São Miguel das Missões , the former Jesuit missions of the Guarani Indians , were declared a cultural monument by UNESCO . The Aparados da Serra National Park around the Itaimbezinho on the border with Santa Catarina is also famous ; up to 1000 m high steep walls and remains of the Mata Atlântica with araucarias and a unique flora and fauna .

Hydrography

There are two different river systems in Rio Grande do Sul: the one flowing from the eastern slopes to the lagoons and the one from the La Plata basin westward to the Río Uruguay . The larger rivers of the eastern group are the Rio Jacuí , Rio dos Sinos , Caí, Gravataí and Camacuã, which flows into Lagoa dos Patos and the Rio Jaguarão , which flows into Lagoa Mirim . All of the former except the Camacuã flow into one of the two arms of the river opening into the northern end of the Lagoa dos Patos, which, although it is called Guaiba, is actually not a river.

economy

In 2008 Rio Grande do Sul had a gross domestic product of around R $ 193.5 billion, R $ 17,825 per capita. This makes it an important industrial location in Brazil. Due to its geographical location in southern Brazil and direct borders with Argentina and Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul has a strong strategic importance in Mercosul .

The most important branches of industry are the metalworking industry, the food industry, the leather, shoe and textile industries. The state is also an important producer of grains (wheat, soy, rice, corn) and has numerous livestock farms (poultry, cattle, pigs). In addition, sugar cane and fruit are grown, and the cultivation and processing of tobacco (mainly for export) continue to play a role.

Wine has also been grown in Rio Grande do Sul since around 1874. Italian and German immigrants brought vines with them from their home countries. Around 90% of Brazilian wine production comes from here. The main growing area is the Serra Gaúcha in the northeast. There are also smaller growing areas in Viamão , Campanha and Santana do Livramento in the extreme south. The destruction of forests on an enormous scale and the timber trade contributed significantly to economic growth; today pasture farming, wood plantations (eucalyptus, pine) and soy.

population

Ethnic groups

Charrúa chief, 19th century ( Jean-Baptiste Debret )

The IBGE 2008 published an overview of the population composition:

Population development

year population
1991 census 9,138,670
2000 census 10,187,798
2010 census 10,693,929
2019 estimate 11,377,239

history

Indians, mostly Guaraní , Kaingang and Charrúa , were the first inhabitants of the state. The wandering adventurers of the 17th and 18th centuries, called gauchos by the Spaniards , acquired the reputation of a militant people as they had to defend the 1700 km long border with Argentina and Uruguay. The history of Rio Grande do Sul and the Gaúchos mingled with that of the immigrants who colonized the country. About 80% of the inhabitants are of Portuguese, Spanish, German (see Riograndenser Hunsrückisch ) or Italian origin. But the state is also home to descendants of Russians, Africans, Austrians, Lebanese, Irish, Syrians, French, Dutch, Poles, Czechs, Japanese, Belgians and Swedes. These immigrants are joined by the indigenous people and the descendants of African slaves, who have a great influence on culture.

In this region mainly German Jesuits operated a mission and set up a network of stations and schools.

Cultural identity and the traditions of the Gaúchos are preserved in the CTGs (Centers for the Traditions of the Gaúchos), which occur throughout the state. In Brazil and abroad, the people are known for their special lifestyle.

In the period between September 11, 1836 and March 1, 1845, there was a separate state in the area of ​​Rio Grande do Sul, the Republic of Piratini .

The government building Palácio Piratini , Porto Alegre

politics

The state government ( Governo ), based in the Palácio Piratini in Porto Alegre, consists of the governor and his cabinet. The parliament is the unicameral system of the legislative assembly of Rio Grande do Sul with 55 elected representatives ( deputados estaduais ). The state is represented in the federal parliament by 31 federal deputies and three senators.

The state's anthem is Hino do Rio Grande do Sul .

39. Since taking office on January 1, 2019, the state's governor has been Eduardo Leite of the Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), while Ranolfo Vieira Júnior ( PTB ) is vice-governor .

Cities

Large cities in Rio Grande do Sul by population, estimate as of July 1, 2019
city rank Residents
Porto601737 89.jpg Porto Alegre 01 1,483,771
Centro-CaxiasdoSul.jpg Caxias do Sul 02 510.906
Hotel Manta.jpg Pelotas 03 342,405
DCP Canoas.jpg Canoas 04 346,616
Vista de Santa Maria (RS) .jpg Santa Maria 05 282.123
Gravataí 06 281,519
Viamão 07 255.224
Novo Hamburgo 08 246,748
Sao Leopoldo 09 236.835
Rio Grande 10 211.005
Alvorada 11 210.305
Centro Passo Fundo.jpg Passo Fundo 12 203.275
Sapucaia do Sul 13 141.075
Uruguaiana 14th 126,970
Zona norte Santa cruz.JPG Santa Cruz do Sul 15th 130.416
Cachoeirinha 16 130.293
Bagé 17th 121.143
Bento Gonçalves Panorama 2009.jpg Bento Gonçalves 18th 120,454
Centro Erechim.jpg Erechim 19th 105,862
Guaíba 20th 98.143

education

Rio Grande do Sul has 11 public and 14 private universities. Of these 35 of a total of over 100 higher education institutions, the most important are:

Another of the well-known universities is the largest Brazilian private university , the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) in Porto Alegre.

Sports

Soccer

Rio Grande do Sul has z. Currently five soccer teams that play in the leagues of the Brazilian soccer championship :

The SC Rio Grande , founded on July 19, 1900 in Rio Grande, is the oldest football club in Brazil and currently plays in the second division of the Campeonato Gaúcho .

See also

Web links

Commons : Rio Grande do Sul  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Rio Grande do Sul  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c 'Rio Grande do Sul - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed September 5, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  2. ↑ Sound like in Porto Alegre. In the border areas: [ ʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dɪ dʊ suɫ ]. Sound in European Portuguese : [ ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃ð (ɨ) du ˈsuɫ ]. In Brazilian Portuguese in the sound of Rio de Janeiro : [ ˈʁi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi du ˈsuw ]
  3. ↑ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística: Síntese, Rio Grande do Sul Censo Demográfico 2010 (Portuguese, English, Spanish, accessed on November 29, 2012).
  4. ↑ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística: Sinopse do Censo Demográfico 2010 (Portuguese, English, Spanish, accessed on November 29, 2012).
  5. ^ Hydrographic maps ( Memento of March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) via the portal do meio ambiente RS .
  6. ↑ Síntese de indicadores Sociais. ( Memento of July 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.7 MB) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) Tabela 8.1 - População total e respectiva distribuição percentual, por cor ou raça, segundo as Grandes Regiões, Unidades da Federação e Regiões Metropolitanas - 2007. (Portuguese, accessed November 20, 2012).
  7. ↑ Brazil: States and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved December 22, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Frederik Schulze: Emigration as a nationalist project: 'Deutschtum' and colonial discourses in southern Brazil (1824–1941) . Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2016, ISBN 978-3-412-50547-9 ( google.de [accessed on April 20, 2020]).
  9. ^ Eduardo Leite 45 (Governador). In: todapolitica.com. Eleições 2018, accessed September 5, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  10. ↑ Delegado Ranolfo 45. In: com.br. Gazeta do Povo, November 13, 2018, accessed September 5, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  11. ↑ Portal: Ser Universitário (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  12. ↑ IFRS website ( memo of November 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  13. ^ IFF website (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  14. ↑ IFSul website (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  15. ^ UPF website (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  16. ↑ UEGS website (Portuguese, accessed on 30 November 2012).
  17. ↑ UFCSPA website (Portuguese, accessed on 30 November 2012).
  18. ↑ UFPel website (Portuguese, accessed on 30 November 2012).
  19. ^ UFSM website (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  20. ↑ Unipampa website (Portuguese, accessed on 30 November 2012).
  21. ↑ FURG website (Portuguese, accessed on 30 November 2012).
  22. ^ UFRGS website (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  23. ↑ PUCRS website ( Memento of March 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese, accessed November 30, 2012).
  24. ↑ Current Brazilian Championship , RSSSF (Portuguese, English, accessed on November 29, 2012).