Pomerano

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Traditional Pomeranos settler house in Espirito Santo (Brazil), taken in 1983.

Pomeranos (Pommeranos) are the descendants of Pomeranian immigrants in Brazil , Pomerano ("Pomerian"; a mixed language of Portuguese and Eastern Pomeranian ) is their language.

background

In the 19th century, from 1859, but especially in the 1870s, Pomerania a . a. to Brazil, settled there in the country and lived in large areas for decades, e. B. in Espírito Santo , as coffee farmers isolated in the country. First of all, East Low German was spoken in the settlements in accordance with the predominantly East Pomeranian origin , the language of instruction and church language in the numerous Protestant communities and schools was High German. With the nationalization campaign of the Vargas era beginning in 1938, German was banned as the language of instruction when Brazil entered the war in 1942. Standard German was pushed back in favor of Brazilian Portuguese , East Pomeranian remained and even experienced a revitalization at the beginning of the 21st century. In the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá, for example, Pomerano was made a co-official language, a dictionary (with 16,000 terms) and a school book were created. Pomerano is spoken today in Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais , Rondônia (from 1970), Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul .

Tressmann gives the number of Pomeranos for Espirito Santo as around 120,000, for all of Brazil with more than 300,000 people.

language

Language example Pommersch Platt in Espirito Santo.

Although the Pomerano has adopted many foreign language expressions, the characteristic phonetic peculiarities of Low German, which differ from High German, have been preserved. The original Germanic consonants p, t and k are unshifted and other features can also be found:

′ Mi hewas fatélt dat vel vo ous Lühr deich Zeitung ni lesa ′ (You told me that many of our people do not read this newspaper)
'Ik wi ok as wat schriva am semeador.' (I also want to write something in / to the semeador.)
'If a person got sick, Kavera tea would be boiled' (When a person got sick, forest tea was made.)
'Papa dei nana Vend rira un dei alles köpa.' (Papa did ride to the shop and did everything buy.)

Examples from these sentences for Low German characteristics are:

ptk - receipt :

ik - i
ok - too
wat - what
kokt - cooked
köpa - buy;

lack of diphthongization :

rīra - ride
schrīva - to write

Nasal shrinkage :

ous - us
Mesch - human

intervowel fricative preserved

schriva - write

All examples from: O Semeador, Espirito Santo, December 1983 and July 1993 (church newspaper).

Even if Low German is clearly recognizable in Pomerano, many high German and Brazilian-Portuguese loanwords have created something new (examples above: newspaper <Hd Zeitung, Semeador - name of a church newspaper, Kavera <Port. Capoeira - former jungle with new ones Plants, Vend <Port. Venda - store). Although the grammar of the original Central East Pomeranian has been preserved very well, independent developments have prevailed in Pomerano, e.g. B. in the infinitive syntax.

literature

Web links

Commons : Pomerano  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elke Potthast-Hubold: On the use of the dialect in settlements of Pomeranian emigrants of the 19th century in Espririto Santo (Brazil). Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982, ISBN 3-529-04355-9 , p. 9 ff.
  2. ↑ Lei nº 1136/2009: Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo . Retrieved April 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
  3. ↑ Marcelo Remígio: Cidade serrana do Espírito Santo mantém viva língua de origem saxônica. In: O Globo, December 22, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
  4. ↑ Tressmann XVII f.
  5. ↑ Gertjan Postma: The loss of the infinitive prefix tau 'zu' in Brazilian Pomeranian - accommodation to Portuguese or dialect convergence? In: Alexandra Lenz (Ed.): German Abroad. Proceedings of the Vienna Conference on Language Islands. Vienna University Press, Vienna 2016, p. 177-210 .