Distrito Federal do Brasil

Distrito Federal do Brasil
Symbols
flag coat of arms
Basic data
Country	Brazil
Capital	Brasília
surface	5,789.2 km²
Residents	2,570,160 (2010)
density	444 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2	BR-DF

Coordinates: 15 ° 47 ′  S , 47 ° 47 ′  W

An access road to the federal district

Palácio do Buriti (Buriti Palace), seat of the executive branch of the federal district.

Legislative Assembly of the Federal District , seat of the Parliament of the Federal District .

The Distrito Federal of Brazil is a capital district around the capital of Brazil. The current district is located in the central highlands on the border of the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais .

history

Município Neutro and Distrito Federal 1834–1960

Before Brasília became the capital, it had been Rio de Janeiro since 1763 , before Salvador da Bahia . As early as 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was separated as Município Neutro ( Neutral City ) from the province of Rio de Janeiro , creating the first capital district. With the end of the Brazilian Empire and the conversion of the provinces into states in 1889, the Município Neutro became the Distrito Federal .

With the transfer of the capital to Brasília in 1960 and the formation of the Federal District there , the previous one in Rio de Janeiro was converted into the state of Guanabara . In 1975 Guanabara became part of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Creation of the planned capital

As early as 1823, the idea of ​​creating an artificial planned capital based on the model of Washington was introduced in a bill . The reasons given were the insecurity of the then capital and coastal city of Rio de Janeiro against external enemies and internal unrest as well as support for the underdeveloped center of the country. However, it took until 1891 for the project to be included in the constitution.

In the decades that followed, plans were made, sometimes with more and sometimes less enthusiasm, and in some cases even built. It took until the 1950s for the final planning and implementation of the Federal District to be carried out under President Juscelino Kubitschek, which came into force on April 21, 1960 with the move of the President, Parliament and Supreme Court.

Administrative division

The federal district is identical to the municipality of Brasília . In addition to the administrative region of Plano Piloto (around 200,000 inhabitants), which is also sometimes referred to as Brasília and with 472.12 square kilometers, about eight percent of the total area, the federal district consists of 30 further administrative regions ( Regiões Administrativas ) with a total of around 2.5 Million inhabitants:

• RA I Plano Piloto (until 1997 Brasilia )
• RA II Gama
• RA III Taguatinga
• RA IV Brazlândia
• RA V Sobradinho
• RA VI Planaltina
• RA VII Paranoá
• RA VIII Núcleo Bandeirante
• RA IX Ceilândia
• RA X Guará
• RA XI Cruzeiro
• RA XII Samambaia
• RA XIII Santa Maria
• RA XIV São Sebastião
• RA XV Recanto das Emas
• RA XVI Lago Sul
• RA XVII Riacho Fundo
• RA XVIII Lago Norte
• RA XIX Candangolândia
• RA XX Águas Claras
• RA XXI Riacho Fundo II
• RA XXII Sudoeste / Octogonal
• RA XXIII Varjao
• RA XXIV Park Way
• RA XXV SCIA
• RA XXVI Sobradinho II
• RA XXVII Jardim Botânico
• RA XXVIII Itapoã
• RA XXIX SIA
• RA XXX Vicente Pires
• RA XXXI Fercal

To 1969 prior Federal District a prefect ( Prefeito ; corresponds to a mayor ) before, since the district has a governor ( Governador ) as the head, which simultaneously performs the functions of a mayor. The federal district sends three members to the Senate and eight members to the Chamber of Deputies ( Câmara dos Deputados ) of the National Congress .

The population figures in the following table refer to the census of August 1, 2000. At that time, the federal district consisted of 19 administrative regions.

Administrative regions in the Federal District do Brasil

Surname	Area in km²	Percentage ownership %	population	Percentage ownership %	Inhabitants / km²
Plano Piloto	472.12	8.1	198,422	9.6	420.0
Brazlândia	474.83	8.2	52,698	2.5	110.9
Candangolândia	6.61	0.1	15,634	0.7	2,365.2
Ceilândia	230.33	3.9	344.039	16.7	1,493.6
Cruzeiro	8.90	0.2	63,883	3.1	7,177.8
Gama	276.34	4.7	130,580	6.3	472.5
Guará	45.46	0.7	115,385	5.6	2,538.1
Lago Norte	66.08	1.1	29,505	1.4	446.5
Lago Sul	183.39	3.1	28,137	1.3	153.4
Núcleo Bandeirante	80.43	1.3	36,472	1.7	453.4
Paranoá	853.33	14.7	54.902	2.6	64.3
Planaltina	1,534.69	26.5	147.114	7.1	95.8
Recanto das Emas	101.22	1.7	93.287	4.5	921.6
Riacho Fundo	56.02	0.9	41,404	2.0	739.0
Samambaia	105.70	1.8	164.319	8.0	1,554.5
Santa Maria	215.86	3.7	98,679	4.8	457.1
São Sebastião	383.71	6.6	64,322	3.1	167.6
Sobradinho	572.59	9.8	128,789	6.2	224.9
Taguatinga	121.55	2.0	243,575	11.8	2,003.9
Federal District	5,789.16	100	2,051,146	100	354.3

Population development

year	Residents
1960	141,742
1970	546.015
1980	1,203,333
1991	1,598,415
2000	2,043,169
2010	2,570,160
2019	3,015,268

Constitution

Similar to the Austrian capital Vienna, the federal district largely combines the competencies of the regional authorities at two levels. For example, there is only one legislature - instead of the usual state and local authority - and only one executive power, which is exercised by the governor, who also has the powers of a mayor. However, some tasks in the federal district that are otherwise the responsibility of the states are carried out by the federal government.

Web links

Commons : Distrito Federal (Brazil)  - Collection of images

• Official website of the Federal District (Portuguese)
• Info Brasília - Fanpage (Portuguese, English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Federal District - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed May 11, 2020 .