Korean wave

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Psy performing in Australia
Korean wave
Korean alphabet : 한류
Hanja : 韓流
Revised Romanization : Hallyu
McCune-Reischauer : Hallyu

Korean wave , also known under the Korean name " Hallyu ", describes the worldwide rise in popularity of contemporary South Korean pop culture in the 21st century . This phenomenon can be seen all over Asia, especially in China , Japan , Taiwan , Hong Kong , Vietnam , Nepal , Thailand , Indonesia and the Philippines , but it also spreads to India , the Middle East , North Africa and South America . Through the Internet and video platforms such as YouTube , the Korean wave finally reaches North America and Europe .

The Korean wave, which was initially kicked off by dramas ( K-Drama ), films , and pop music ( K-Pop ), is now expanding to areas such as webtoons , food , language , computer games , fashion and cosmetics as well as Taekwondo out. The Chinese term is 韓流 'Hánliú'; it means something like "Korea style" or "Korean current". It was coined in China in 1999 when Beijing journalists wrote about the rapidly growing popularity of South Korean goods in China. In the beginning, the success was neither intended nor planned. It was only after the success became visible that television series and music were strategically and specifically produced for the Asian market. This increasing cultural export is also supported by the South Korean Ministry of Culture. The aim was no longer just to the Asian region, but to the world market.

causes

The common culture and history as well as Confucianism are named as reasons for the success in China . The themes of South Korean soap operas are mostly about family, love and morals and contain little violence or sex . Another reason for the popularity of South Korean series in Asia is said to be the external attractiveness of the actors.

The South Korean music industry in particular is oriented towards exports due to the small and currently shrinking domestic music market.

Current development

South Korea is one of the ten nations that export the most cultural goods . The term has meanwhile also become an acronym that refers to the rapidly growing economy of South Korea (“Miracle on the Han River”, Korean 한강 의 기적 , Hangangeui Kijeok ).

The tourism of South Korea is also spurred on by the success of the "wave". Many tour operators offer package tours to the locations of South Korean soap operas. According to the tourist office, a million tourists come to visit the sites every year.

The television series Winter Sonata in particular achieved huge sales in Japan and China, and the main actor Bae Yong-joon became the housewives' dream man.

In addition, the Hallyu in China leads some Chinese to convert to Christianity , which is spread by South Korean missionaries.

The Korean wave is also said to have an impact on Stalinist North Korea , with CDs and DVDs with music and TV series being smuggled in over the mountains.

In some countries such as China, Thailand or Japan, the import of Korean culture is increasingly met with a negative attitude, so that quota rules have been introduced. Especially after the successful performance of the South Korean national soccer team at the 2002 World Cup , which Japan and South Korea fought together, anti-Korean comments rose sharply. Many Japanese believe that Japan is responsible for the economic rise of (South) Korea.

The Hollywood Bowl in the USA hosts the Korean Music Festival every year , organized by the Korea Times , at which South Korea's most famous musicians perform.

Rain

South Korean actors are now among the highest-paid actors outside of Hollywood . Bae Yong-joon , star of the drama Winter Sonata , makes about five million dollars for a film. The internationally most popular singers and music groups are Super Junior , Exo , TVXQ , Rain , Lee Hyori , BoA , Se7en , Girls' Generation , Kara , 2NE1 , 2PM , SHINee , BTS and Big Bang . The Wonder Girls began their American tour in June 2010. They reached 76th place on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States in October 2009 .

BTS topped the US Billboard album charts three times since 2018.

Due to the great success on a cultural level, South Korea increased its soft power and strengthens it. The country's reputation and influence has risen and South Korean pop culture is used internationally as a mediator in tensions between ethnic groups or political camps.

Criticism in Japan

Ken-Kanryū denotes the counter-movement and rejection of the Korean wave in Japan. Sharin Yamano's manga Kenkanryū ( Japanese マ ン ガ 嫌 韓流 'Rejection of the Korean Wave: The Manga ' ) was on the Japanese bestseller list for over four months. In 2011 the manga K-POP boom caused Netsuzō Setsu o Oe! ( Japanese K-POP ブ ー ム 捏造 説 を 追 え！ 'Analysis of the K-Pop Boom Lies!' ) for a sensation, in which the circumstances of the South Korean entertainment industry are criticized. The comic deals with the case of Jang Ja-yeon , an actress who committed suicide after being forced to have sex by her managers. The groups Girls' Generation and Kara, which achieved great popularity in Japan at the end of 2010, are also presented in this context.

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jessica Rai: Korean connection. In: The Himalayan Times. November 26, 2010, accessed November 27, 2010 .
  2. ↑ a b What is Hallyu? ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Korean Tourism Organization (German) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / german.visitkorea.or.kr
  3. ↑ Kim Hee-sung: Korean wave spreads in Middle East through TV and tourism , Korea.net, June 3, 2010, accessed June 16, 2010 (English)
  4. ^ A b c Passport to Korean Culture . Korean Culture and Information Service, February 12, 2010, Seoul, ISBN 978-89-7375-153-2 , 03910 (English)
  5. ^ Yoon Ja-young: YouTube taking 'hallyu' on international ride. Firms taking advantage of user contents sites. In: Korea Times. February 8, 2011, accessed February 19, 2011 .
  6. ^ A b Vanessa Hua: South Korea soap operas find large audiences . In: San Francisco Chronicle , August 28, 2005 (English)
  7. ↑ a b c Yoo Soh-jung: Hallyu faces turning point . In: Korea Herald , April 15, 2010 (English)
  8. ↑ Mark Ravina: Introduction: conceptualizing the Korean Wave ( Memento from July 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) , Bnet, accessed on June 16, 2010 (English)
  9. ^ A b Matthias Kolb: Korean wave . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 4, 2008
  10. ^ Park Sung-ha: Korean wave laps at Norwegian shore . hancinema.net, January 25, 2006 (English)
  11. ^ Young Pop Stars Take Korean Wave to New Heights. In: Chosun Online . October 29, 2010, accessed October 30, 2010 .
  12. ↑ Tomohiro Osaki: South Korea's booming 'webtoons' put Japan's print manga on notice. In: The Japan Times . May 5, 2010, accessed May 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Christian Göldenboog: Kimchi, the super cabbage is conquering the kitchens of Europe. In: Welt Online . December 8, 2010, accessed July 22, 2011 .
  14. ↑ 'Korean Wave' piracy hits music industry . BBC News. November 9, 2001
  15. ↑ a b c d Anthony Faiola: Japanese Women Catch the 'Korean Wave' . In: The Washington Post , August 31, 2006
  16. ↑ a b c Ch. S. Dury Chung; Eun-Soon Choi: Hallyu - A new form of cultural diversity in Asia. (PDF; 361 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved February 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / buechner.german.or.kr
  17. ↑ South Korea wants to trigger the second Hallyu boom . KBS World, December 23, 2010
  18. ^ A b c d Roald Maliangkay: When the Korean Wave ripples . ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 203 kB) Australian National University (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iias.nl
  19. ↑ a b South Korea's pop-cultural exports: Hallyu, yeah! In: The Economist . January 25, 2010, accessed December 12, 2010 .
  20. ↑ Why Is Korean Wave Popular In China? ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ourorient.com (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ourorient.com
  21. ↑ Chung Kang-hyun: Korean musicians leading a new wave. In: JoongAng Daily . November 30, 2010, accessed December 12, 2010 .
  22. ↑ Kim Sue-young: Korean Wave 'Hallyu' Abroad Waning . In: The Korea Times , May 5, 2008 (English)
  23. ^ A b Norimitsu Onishi: A rising Korean wave: If Seoul sells it, China craves it . In: The New York Times , January 2, 2006 (English)
  24. ↑ Hallyu - the Korean wave . EU-Asien.de
  25. ↑ a b Ralph Umard: Fear of Hallyu . In: Die Welt , August 15, 2007
  26. ^ A b c Norimitsu Onishi: Ugly Images of Asian Rivals Become Best Sellers in Japan . In: The New York Times , November 19, 2005 (English)
  27. ↑ Kang Hyun-kyung: Korean culture 'invades' Japan, a century after annexation. In: The Korea Times . August 27, 2010, accessed August 27, 2010 .
  28. ↑ Silvio Pietroluongo: Jay Sean Recaptures Hot 100's Top Slot . Billboard.com, October 22, 2009 (English)
  29. ^ Martin Fryer: South Korea's soft power strategy. In: British Council . March 2008, accessed on May 18, 2019 .
  30. ^ Donya Saberi: The Rise of South Korea's Soft Power in the Middle East. In: The Diplomat . March 14, 2018, accessed May 18, 2019 .
  31. ↑ John Lie: John Lie on Korean Popular Culture and Soft Power. In: Asia Experts Forum. March 26, 2018, accessed May 18, 2019 .
  32. ↑ Jennifer Pak: Malaysian firms tap into K-Pop power. In: BBC. July 3, 2012, Retrieved July 4, 2012 (Korean).
  33. ↑ Gossip Manga causes a sensation in South Korea. In: AnimeY. January 14, 2011, accessed February 19, 2011 .