Quota regulation
The quota rule is a distribution rule in which goods , offices , rights , functions or the like are assigned according to a specific distribution key or a specific quota . A quota system is used to establish a certain political or economic balance of power between different actors. These can be development goals that have yet to be achieved. Quota regulations are therefore compromises and are intended to end or civilize conflicts .
Employment quotas
Quotas are mostly used here if an unintended result would or has occurred due to free distribution across the market . Such quotas are handled very differently in different countries.
In Germany, Section 8 (1) of the Federal Civil Service Act (in the version amended on the basis of Section 3 of the Act to Implement European Directives for Implementing the Principle of Equal Treatment (EUGleichbUmsG)) expressly provides for the possibility of a quota system:
"(1) The applicants are to be identified through a job advertisement. They are selected on the basis of suitability, ability and professional performance regardless of gender, origin, race or ethnic origin, disability, religion or belief, political views, origin, relationships or sexual identity. This does not conflict with legal measures to promote civil servants to enforce actual equality in working life, in particular quota regulations with individual checks, as well as legal measures to promote severely disabled people. "
Controversy and diffusion of employment rates
Critics consider quota regulations to remedy an unwanted imbalance problematic, as they can preserve discrimination. The logic should be as follows: If someone has obtained a certain right through a quota system, it is assumed that this person did not come to him because of his or her qualifications , but because of the benefits of the quota system. Proponents oppose this by stating that discrimination does not only exist at the time a right is acquired, but rather at the time before the application for it. Quota regulations thus remove the barriers created by structural discrimination to apply for a right.
Quotas in the economic field
In economic and political areas with strong competition from the dispute can be permanently to the design of quotas: it comes to more or less ritualized quota controversy or quota fight.
In the EU there are quota regulations to achieve certain distribution and production results ( production quotas ), for example to limit overproduction . For example, a milk guarantee quantity regulation has existed since 1984 , which assigns certain quotas for milk production to the EU states , the excess of which is sanctioned by a levy .
In the cultural industry, quotas for film and music broadcasts, e.g. B. discussed or practiced a radio quota . This is to regulate the proportion of films or songs in certain languages or countries of origin in the total offer of the countries.
In consortia , associations or certain business cartels , especially the so-called syndicates , quota regulations are found as a means of balancing interests .
In insolvency law , too , table creditors are satisfied with quotas.
literature
- Liebwald, Doris: Gender quotas, regulation in Austria and in the EU with a focus on Austria's universities. New Scientific Publishing House, Vienna-Graz 2011.
- Kaloianov, Radostin: Affirmative Action for Migrants? Using the example of Austria . Braumüller, Vienna 2008. ISBN 3700316372
- van Quaquebeke, Niels, & Schmerling, Anja: Cognitive equality: How the mere depiction of well-known female and male executives influences our implicit thinking about leadership. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 54, pp. 91-104, 2010.
Web links
Radostin Kaloianov: - Integration and Affirmative Action 12/2008
