Redjeve

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Redjeve (Latin: Consul or Coniurati or in German: Ratgeber) is the old Frisian name for a judge or judge in the Middle Ages . The Redjeven form the top of the autonomous municipalities in medieval Friesland. Her tasks included the representation of the state community in trade agreements, the management of the contingent of a community in the national defense, as well as the maintenance of the peace and the jurisdiction.

history

As early as the 12th and 13th centuries, the "Free Frisians" , so the self-designation, had organized themselves in autonomous, cooperative-like state communities in which in principle every member had equal rights. The public offices of the judges were determined by annual elections. The right to vote was dependent on the property. In most cases, therefore, the Redjeven were recruited from the large farming class.

Originally there were so-called Asega in the regional municipalities of Friesland , who performed the function of judge and were determined by the respective landlord of an area, presumably after a preselection by the regional municipality. When taking office, an Asega had to commit to compliance with the law, which was recorded in the form of elections. An example of a Frisian collection of laws is the Asegabuch .

A cooperative organizational structure of the regional communities arose from the requirements of the dyke construction and the defense against the Vikings . Although the Redjeven had power in the communities, they were only elected for one year to prevent a large farming clan from becoming too powerful. There were also various laws designed to prevent a Redjeve from abusing his power as a judge. The penalties ranged from destroying a Redjeven's private home.

The Redjeven are considered to be the forerunners of the later East Frisian hovetlinge , i.e. the chiefs : In the late 13th century and up to the middle of the 14th century, a large number of crises (famines, storm surges, insufficient market for goods, epidemics) led to a loss of public order , The power of the judges solidified and the East Frisian chiefs began to take shape: the chiefs began to derive their authority no longer from the will of their subordinates, but to understand it as the property of their respective dynasties . The cooperative idea was lost.

literature

  • Gesine Martha Agena: A study of the constitutional and administrative conditions of the Norderland in the 13th and 14th centuries with reference to the Rüstringer, Astringer, Harlinger, Brokmer and Emsigerland , Norden 1962.
  • Hajo van Lengen : The Frisian freedom of the Middle Ages. Leben und Legende , Aurich 2003. - ISBN 3932206304
  • Hajo van Lengen: Freedom of the peasants and chief rulership in the Middle Ages , in: Karl-Ernst Behre / Hajo van Lengen (ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape , Aurich 1995, pp. 113–134.
  • Karl von Richthofen : Studies on the Frisian legal history II, 1, Berlin 1882.
  • Heinrich Schmidt / Ernst Schubert : History of East Friesland in the Middle Ages , in: Ernst Schubert (ed.): History of Lower Saxony, Vol. 2, Part 1: Politics, Constitution, Economy from the 9th to the end of the 15th century (publications by the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, Vol. 36), Hannover 1997, pp. 907-1033. ISBN 3-7752-5900-7
  • Heinrich Schmidt: Nobility and farmers in the Frisian Middle Ages , in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 45 (1973), pp. 45–95.
  • Heinrich Schmidt: Political History of East Friesland (East Friesland in the protection of the dike; Volume 5), Pewsum 1975.
  • Heinrich Schmidt: On the rise of the high medieval state communities in eastern Friesland . In: ders .: Ostfriesland and Oldenburg: Collected contributions to the North German regional history . Aurich 2008, pp. 311-328.
  • Gerhard Teschke: Studies on the social and constitutional history of Friesland in the high and late Middle Ages (treatises on the history of East Friesland, vol. 42), Aurich 1966.

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Schmidt / Ernst Schubert: History of East Friesland in the Middle Ages , in: Ernst Schubert (ed.): History of Lower Saxony, Vol. 2, Part 1: Politics, Constitution, Economy from the 9th to the end of the 15th century (publications by the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen, vol. 36), Hanover 1997, pp. 907-1033.
  2. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: Nobility and farmers in the Frisian Middle Ages , in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 45 (1973), pp. 45–95.
  3. ^ Heinrich Schmidt, Political History of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike 5), Pewsum 1975, p. 22ff.
  4. ↑ Heinrich Schmidt, On the rise of the high medieval state communities in eastern Friesland , in: ders., Ostfriesland and Oldenburg: Collected contributions to North German history , Aurich 2008, pp. 311–328.
  5. ^ Hajo van Lengen: Peasant freedom and chief glory in the Middle Ages , in: Karl-Ernst Behre / Hajo van Lengen (ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape , Aurich 1995, pp. 113-134, pp. 124ff.