Folklore open-air museum Speckenbüttel

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Geesthof from 1629
Folklore open-air museum Speckenbüttel (Bremerhaven 1)
Folklore open-air museum
Folklore
open-air museum
Location in Bremerhaven

The Folklore Open-Air Museum Speckenbüttel in Bremerhaven - Lehe (officially the Folklore Open-Air Museum in the Speckenbüttel city ​​park of the Lehe e.V. Farmers' Association ) represents the rural house types of Geest , Marsch and Moor , and thus the typical buildings of the Elbe - Weser triangle beginning with the early 17th century Century. The open-air museum, founded in 1908 on the edge of the Speckenbütteler Park, has a complete Geesthof complex with its outbuildings, a moor hut and a large marsh house on a Wurt . In addition, there is a post mill and other outbuildings, such as a brick-framed bakery, whose clay oven is still in operation. Most of the eleven buildings come from the Cuxhaven district . Numerous exhibits, such as a dike cart , a fire engine , a carriage and a farm wagon were set up in the hall of the marshland, which mainly serves as an exhibition and event location, as well as a loom , a complete wooden shoe workshop, equipment for fishing and drainage. In the Geesthaus, a low German hall house in two- column construction, on the other hand, there are barrels, brooms, hand mills as well as equipment for breaking flax and other typical tools. The museum is supported by the Bauernhausverein Lehe e. V. based in Bremerhaven.

history

In the back the moor from the Kransmoor , in front the sheepfold from Frelsdorf
Marschenhof from 1731, replica
Post mill
Jan Bohls, oil painting in the open-air museum

In the town of Lehe, in 1898 the zoologist , private scholar and folklorist Jan Bohls (also Johann Bohls, 1863–1950), scientific director of local history research in Stader Land since 1896 , called for the permanent preservation of farmhouses with all of their interior furnishings. Until 1907 he was director of the Morgenstern Museum . In 1908 he called for a Low German hall house from the village of Lintig , which was threatened with demolition and which dates from 1629, to be preserved by dismantling it and rebuilding it in Leh's Speckenbütteler Park. For this purpose, the Bauernhausverein Lehe e. V. , which Bohls headed until 1942. Since then, the association has maintained the open-air museum, one of the oldest in northern Germany. The house Lintig however, was rebuilt equilateral, it whereas in the original unequal Flettseiten had.

The Geesthof was rebuilt in 1910, followed in 1912 by a house for the elderly from Köhlen in the district of Cuxhaven from 1667. In 1920 Bohls supported the establishment of the Low German stage “Waterkant” by making the open-air museum's smoke house available for performances.

In 1927 a marshland from Sandstedt ( Hagen im Bremischen ) was added from 1731 with farm equipment from the 17th century, which however fell victim to a fire on March 18, 1946. This was triggered by tracer ammunition from American soldiers. The fire destroyed the entire complex and with it the rich inventory, as well as Bronze Age finds that the Morgenstern Museum had relocated because of the war. The Marschenhof was rebuilt from 1968 to 1973.

The windmill from Nordleda acquired in 1935 also burned down (1941). Towards the end of the Second World War , the local councils of what was then Wesermünde decided to acquire the only still existing post mill in the Niederweser area in Dorum- Alsum and to rebuild it in the Speckenbüttel open-air museum after the war. It was supposed to replace the “post mill” that burned down in the open-air museum. An Erdholländermühle from Holßel acquired in 1960 also burned down (1983) - the former allegedly due to careless children, the latter due to a New Year's Eve rocket . The Dutch mill was replaced by a new building, which took place from 1984 to 1986 based on the template of the Dutch mill builder Molema. There was also a moor kate.

Otherwise, a number of outbuildings were acquired from the 1950s, such as one of the rare Immenschauer (a small covered building as an apiary) from Altenwalde in 1956 . In 1951, the year before Bohl's death, the Jan Bohls oak was planted in front of the Geesthaus.

1975 barn came Bexhövede the March house and 1997, a drive-through barn from Kührstedt added, plus a smoke house from the year 1625, a bakery from Brunshausen at stumps , after all, a sheepfold and a Göpel showers with Pferdegöpel where grain was ground. Since 1993/94 there has been a cottage garden with an extension by a blind garden on the Geesthof, 1997 to 2000 renovations of the kitchen and the sanitary facilities. In 2013 a new barn was inaugurated at the Marschenhaus. On the night of July 20 to 21, 2019, the moor cate of the Geesthof complex burned down completely. The fire brigade was able to prevent the fire from spreading to the surrounding thatched roof buildings.

In 1985 the museum , which extends over an area of ​​8  hectares , recorded 5,267 visitors (for comparison: Kunsthalle Bremerhaven 4437, Historisches Museum Bremerhaven 8582), today (as of 2016) it is around 14,000 per year. The income from the sale of tickets and the rental of some rooms, plus donations, raise the approximately 70,000  euros that the association needs on average every year to run the open-air museum. Chairman of the Lehe e. V. is Peter Hebel.

literature

  • Johann Jacob Cordes : The open-air museum in Speckenbüttel . In: Men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Year book of the men from the morning star . Festival to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Heimatbund der Männer vom Morgenstern. tape 38 . Nordwestdeutscher Verlag Ditzen & Co., Bremerhaven 1957, p. 81-92 (128 pp.).
  • Heiner Thees (own Heinz-Günter Thees): Our open-air museum in Speckenbüttel . In: Bremerhaven today . 1969, p. 73-75 .
  • Hartmut Bickelmann , Beate Borkowski, Friedel Ditsche, Harald Neujahr, Klaus Zisenis: Rural culture in urban areas. 100 years of the Lehe e. V. and open-air museum Speckenbüttel . Ed .: Bauerhausverein Lehe e. V. Selbstverlag, Bremerhaven 2008 (119 pages).
  • Publications in the Niederdeutschen Heimatblatt
    • Gisela Tiedemann: From Otterndorf via Holßel to Speckenbüttel. About the second mill of the farmers' association . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 567 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven March 1997, p. 4 ( digital copy [PDF; 4.1 MB ; accessed on August 9, 2020]).
    • Harald Neujahr: 80 years of post mill in Speckenbütteler Park. In November 1935, the farmhouse association celebrated its first mill topping-out ceremony . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 791 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven November 2015, p. 1–2 ( digitized version [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed on September 10, 2019]).

Web links

Commons : Speckenbütteler Park  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Ulrich Hucker : Hermann Allmers and his Marschenhof. The history of the Allmershof and the Osterstader village of Rechtenfleth in relation to the life and work of the patriot, poet and scholar, with a bibliography of his works . Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg 1981, ISBN 3-87358-136-1 , p.  116 (153 p., Limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed August 10, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Hartmut Bickelmann, Stadtarchiv Bremerhaven (ed.): Bremerhaven personalities from four centuries . A biographical lexicon . 2nd edition (expanded and corrected). Self-published, Bremerhaven 2003, ISBN 3-923851-25-1 , p. 41 (445 pp.).
  3. ^ Ulrich Klages: Special features of the floorboard and Flett construction in farmhouses from the 16th to 18th centuries in the Harburg district . In: Helms-Museum / Museums- und Heimatverein Harburg Stadt und Land e. V. (Ed.): Harburger Jahrbuch (=  publications of the Helms-Museum . No. 48 ). tape 16 (1980-1985) . Hamburg-Harburg 1986, p. 71 ( digitized on the University of Hamburg website [accessed on August 10, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Hartmut Bickelmann, Stadtarchiv Bremerhaven (ed.): Bremerhaven personalities from four centuries. A biographical lexicon Bremerhaven . Self-published, Bremerhaven 2002, ISBN 3-923851-24-3 , p. 38 (400 pp.).
  5. ↑ Hamburg Museum of Ethnology and Prehistory (Ed.): Atlas of Prehistory . Booklet. Issues 8–11. Self-published, Hamburg 1959, p. 18 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed August 10, 2020]).
  6. ↑ Marsh House. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Retrieved August 10, 2020 .
  7. ^ Office for regional planning and statistics (ed.): Archive for regional and folklore of Lower Saxony . tape 5 . Stalling-Verlag , Oldenburg 1944, p. 157 ( digitized version in the Google book search [accessed on August 10, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Thatched moor house goes up in flames in Bremerhaven. (No longer available online.) In: butenunbinnen.de. July 21, 2019, archived from the original on July 23, 2019 ; accessed on August 10, 2020 .
  9. ^ Adelhart Zippelius : Handbook of the European Open Air Museums (=  guides and writings of the Rhenish Open Air Museum and State Museum for Folklore in Kommern . No.  7 ). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1974, ISBN 3-7927-0199-5 , p. 81 (327 p., Limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed August 10, 2020]).
  10. ^ Martin Schlutow: The Migration Museum: Historical and cultural analysis of a new type of museum . Genesis and conception of the emigration museums in Bremerhaven and Hamburg - the emigration museum as undesirable competition. Ed .: Saskia Handro, Bernd Schönemann (= history culture  and historical learning . No. 10 ). LIT Verlag , Münster 2012, ISBN 3-643-11665-9 , p. 99 (338 p., Limited preview in Google Book search - note 377).

Coordinates: 53 ° 35 ′ 6.4 "  N , 8 ° 35 ′ 20"  E