Scheibler (entrepreneurial family)

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  • Scheibler coat of arms in Hesse, Westphalia and on the Rhine

  • Coat of arms in the Prussian baron diploma 1870

Scheibler is the name of a former merchant family who came from Gemünden in Hessen on the Wohra . From the end of the 16th century she worked as a Lutheran family of theologians, especially in the Rhineland, and from the 18th century onwards gained a recognized and international reputation as a family of cloth manufacturers, especially in the Monschau , Eupen , Iserlohn and Krefeld area, as well as in Łódź and Milan . In addition, some members of the family were raised to the nobility.

Scheibler family of theologians

Since the beginning of the 16th century, the Scheibler family had settled in Gemünden, Hesse, through Johann I. Scheibler (1490–1556), whose ancestors were found in Loshausen and Todenhausen and also count among the ancestors of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . After the family had initially worked as landowners, sheep farmers, brewers and wool merchants, Johann III decided for the first time. Scheibler (1553–1597), the son of the Mayor of Gemünden, Johann II. Scheibler (1529–1594), a member of the family, wanted to pursue a theological career.

His son Christoph Scheibler became professor of theology and rector at the University of Gießen and followed a call to Dortmund in 1625 , where he was appointed superintendent and head of the Archigymnasium . At the same time, the step into the Rhineland was taken, into the region in which around 24 members of the family were active and known as theologians in the following decades. So initially Johannes Scheibler (1628–1689), son of Christoph, was pastor in Remscheid-Lennep , general superintendent and general inspector of the Lutheran church in the Duchy of Jülich-Berg . Three of John's sons followed similar careers, with the oldest, Johann Hartmann Scheibler (1666–1709), pastor in Burscheid , his son and grandson, Peter Christoph the Elder (1707–1773) and the younger (1744–1818) , worked in Bergisch Neukirchen , after whom Pastor-Scheibler-Strasse was named, and another grandson, Maximilian Friedrich Scheibler (1759–1840), came to Monschau as a pastor via Düren . Another son of Johannes IV, Balthasar Christian Scheibler (1671–1730), was appointed pastor in Stolberg in the Rhineland and a third, Bernhard Georg Scheibler (1674–1743), was appointed as his son Arnold Hartmann (1704–1766) and grandson Johann Wilhelm (1746–1819) pastor to Volberg in the Rhenish-Berg region and inspector of the Lutheran church in Oberberg.

Most of the pastors listed here were recognized and outstanding personalities in their respective parishes and beyond, about whom informative information was written down in the book by Johann Arnold von Recklinghausen: Reformation history of the countries of Jülich, Berg, Cleve and Meurs .

The Scheibler family of cloth manufacturers

Headquarters Monschau

Red House Monschau - ancestral home of the family

The era of Scheibler's cloth manufacture in Monschau began with the arrival of two other sons of the aforementioned Volberg pastor Bernhard Georg, namely Johann Heinrich Scheibler (1705–1765) and Wilhelm Wimar Scheibler (1715–1803). It was primarily thanks to the commitment of Johann Heinrich, who was already one of the largest cloth manufacturers in Monschau at the age of 18 and for whose company Johann Heinrich Scheibler & Sons more than 4,000 people worked directly and indirectly in 1762, that Monschau became a stronghold of the cloth industry and thus experienced an enormous social rise. The Scheibler family's factory was located in Rosental and was founded as a fulling mill in 1757, expanded by a second fulling mill in 1773 and partially converted into a spinning mill in 1814.

Johann Heinrich Scheibler was also the builder of the Red House , which is still almost completely preserved today with furnishings in the styles of Rococo , Louis-Seize and Empire from the 18th century. This house was in the family seat for more than two hundred years and for a long time housed the family archive, which from 1963 was rededicated to the Scheibler Museum Rotes Haus Monschau and from 1987/8 incorporated as a deposit to the Rhineland Regional Council in Pulheim-Brauweiler .

Four sons of Johann Heinrich became partners in their father’s business, with the eldest, Bernhard Georg von Scheibler (1724–1786), also building his own factories in Monschau-Burgau and between 1753 and 1765 in Hagen and later in Herdecke , but after the death of the father took care of the Monschau operations again. Bernhard Georg was raised to hereditary imperial nobility on March 15, 1782 for his recognized services. His son and business successor, Johann Christian von Scheibler (1754–1787), was also honored only one year later on April 4, 1783 by Emperor Joseph II with the elevation to the Austrian personal nobility. Johann Christian's son Bernhard Georg the Younger (1783–1860) later relocated his business activities to neighboring Eupen, where in 1807 he was the first to set up a mechanical wool spinning mill .

Another son of Bernhard Georg the Elder, Bernhard Paul von Scheibler (1758–1805), dedicated himself to the manufacture of cloth in Monschau and Eupen, with his son Bernhard von Scheibler (1785–1837) serving as the Prussian district administrator of the Eupen district and royal Belgian commissioner was appointed for Neutral Moresnet . His son Bernhard Paul Friedrich Hugo von Scheibler (1825–1888), however , was raised to the rank of baron and judge of the peace and district administrator in the Monschau district and on February 12, 1870 . Another descendant of this line, Bernhard Rudolf Freiherr von Scheibler (1857–1934), directed the fortunes of the district of Heinsberg for 34 years as district administrator and was a co-founder of the Kreissparkasse Heinsberg . The Scheibler coat of arms , which they published, was named after this branch of the family with their headquarters at Haus Hülhoven near Heinsberg . After a third son of Bernhard Georg, Karl Wilhelm von Scheibler (1772–1843), embarked on an officer career and was in Austrian service from 1799 and was appointed fortress commander of Josefstadt and raised to the rank of baron and his brother Friedrich von Scheibler (1777–1824 ), who built up a flourishing cloth factory in Iserlohn and was elected Maire and after whom the "von Scheibler-Straße" was named, the parent company Johann Heinrich Scheibler & Sons remained in the hands of Bernhard Georg and his brothers, whereby from 1777 the The youngest brother Wilhelm Scheibler (1737–1797) became the sole owner and the second brother, Paul Christoph Scheibler (1726–1797), founded the weaving and cloth shearers Scheibler & Orth together with his son-in-law Günther Julius Friedrich Orth (1750–1824) .

Wilhelm's son Adolf Bernhard Scheibler (1768–1833) settled again in Eupen, another son, Ernst Scheibler (1769–1822), also founded a new spinning mill in Monschau and another, Friedrich Jakob Scheibler (1774–1834), acquired the first spinning and shearing machines, brought the Brussels cloth merchants Ronstorff and Rahlenbeck as shareholders into the family business and from then on operated under the name Scheibler, Ronstorff, Rahlenbeck & Comp. Together with his brother Ernst and the company Peter Schmitz & Sons , Friedrich Jakob ran a roughing and spinning mill in Schmitzenhof , which Ernst Scheibler ran alone from 1814 on. In addition, Friedrich Jakob bought the cloth shearers house in Monschau and was elected mayor of the city. His son Alexander Arnold Scheibler (1804–1877) expanded the family business to include a wool hat factory (1856) and a synthetic wool factory (1863), but in return had to transfer a weaving room in the Monschau Laufengarten to the Aachen Association for the Promotion of Labor , which was the first Monschaus kindergarten redesigned.

After the decline of the cloth industry in the 20th century, it was finally up to Alexander Arnold's grandson, Walter Scheibler (1880–1965), to shut down cloth manufacturing six generations after it was founded in 1957. In addition, at the end of the Second World War , Walter Scheibler had already made a name for himself as a provisional district administrator and later as the elected mayor of Monschau, which is why a street in Monschau was posthumously named after him. In addition, he had published several writings in which he described both the regional environment and the history of the Scheibler family in detail.

  • Scheiblerhaus in Eupen

  • Seat of the Barons von Scheibler on Haus Hülhoven

  • Scheiblerhaus in Iserlohn

Scheibler in Berlin

Carl Scheibler, Berlin

After the aforementioned Johann Heinrich Scheibler built up the cloth industry in Monschau, his brother Wilhelm Wimar initially only had a stake in the family business. He therefore immediately moved his main focus of work to Berlin, where he was appointed foreman at the Berlin Cloth Manufactory. Very few of his descendants went into cloth manufacture, instead a grandson of his, Karl Friedrich Heinrich Scheibler (1782–1868), was known as a sculptor , and a great-grandson, Albrecht Armand Scheibler (1831–1853), tried his luck in America, where he joined the Scheibler, Faber & Perkins company in New York City , but died young, another great-grandson, Robert Wilhelm Scheibler (1823-1884), was co-founder and director of the Deutsche Feuerversicherungsgesellschaft in 1860, which later became part of Frankfurter Versicherungs-AG and which in turn merged with Allianz SE in 1929 . Another great-grandson, Carl Wilhelm Bernhard Scheibler (1827–1899), became an important chemist in Berlin, where he founded the Institute for the Sugar Industry , which was the first research institute in the world in the field of the food sector. His brother Fritz (Friedrich Jacob) Scheibler (1845–1921) returned to the Rhineland and after completing his engineering degree in 1875 he first set up a factory for mechanical engineering and iron foundry in Burtscheid . Together with his son Kurt Eugen Friedrich Scheibler (* 1875) he finally founded the Fritz Scheibler Motorwagenfabrik in 1900 , which merged with the Alten-Essen AG mechanical engineering company in 1908 and renamed the Motoren- und Lastwagen AG (MULAG) one year later . Ultimately, this also merged with Mannesmann Automobilwerke in 1913 to form Mannesmann-MULAG , but was shut down in 1928 when the company Büssing AG was taken over and the brand name was no longer valid .

Scheibler in Łódź

  • Karl Wilhelm Scheibler, Łódź

  • Karl Wilhelm Scheibler factory in Łódź

In the meantime, a son of the above-mentioned Bergisch Neukirchen pastor Peter Christoph the Younger, Johann Karl Wilhelm Scheibler (1783–1847), also moved to Monschau, where he established himself as an independent cloth manufacturer. His son Karl Wilhelm Scheibler (1820–1881), nephew of the industrialist Konrad Gustav Pastor through his mother Sophie Pastor , moved his main focus in the middle of the 19th century because of the numerous relatives who were already active in Monschau, but also because of the political unrest Poland to Łódź , which was just expanding from a small town to a textile metropolis, where he rose to become one of the city's most important industrialists.

His descendants continued to run what was at times the largest cotton processing company in Europe under the company name Aktiengesellschaft der Cottonmanufakturen von Carl Scheibler until 1944 and finally had to emigrate to São Paulo due to the forced eviction from Poland , where the family founded new companies. The Łódź company in the district of Księży Młyn was expropriated and initially renamed Stalinwerke and later traded under the name Uniontex Łódź . Scheibler's palatial residence currently houses the Museum of Cinematography , and Scheibler's mausoleum in Łódź still attests to the recognition of his services.

Scheibler in Krefeld and Milan

A grandson of the Monschau cloth factory founder Johann Heinrich Scheibler, also known as Johann Heinrich (1777–1837), the fourth son of Wilhelm Scheibler, the sole owner of the Johann Friedrich Scheibler & Sons company mentioned above , followed after extensive training in the field of silk production, among other things in Italy, a call from his father-in-law Friedrich Heydweiller to Krefeld and, after a few intermediate stops, founded the velvet and ribbon goods factory Scheibler & Co here in 1834 , which also took over shares in the silk weaving mill from der Leyen . In addition, this Johann Heinrich also acquired an excellent reputation as a physicist and musicologist and was named after a street in Krefeld. Most of his sons and grandchildren joined his company either as a raw silk wholesaler or as a manufacturer and made the company well known. More and more companies later joined the company, such as the Peltzer Brothers' velvet factory in 1965 , whereupon the company was renamed Scheibler & Peltzer GmbH . After finally taking over the traditional company Christoph Andreae from Cologne with its worldwide sales network in 1985 and also operating internationally through a further subsidiary, Sametex in Kraslice , the market situation still could not prevent it, in 1998 with the Girmes -Werken Grefrath to merge, which however went bankrupt in 2003.

Through the descendants of Johann Heinrich's son Johann Friedrich Scheibler (1807–1862) from Krefeld and due to the professional contacts related to silk imports from China, a tea trading company with headquarters in Hamburg developed over the generations. The company is a member of the German Tea Association , in which family members also sit on the board.

A brother of Johann Heinrichs from Krefeld, Ludwig (Louis) Adolf Scheibler (1785–1850), founded a wool spinning mill in Reims together with William Cockerill, Junior , but later also became a partner in the Monschau company. His son Emil Scheibler (1820–1863) stayed in Italy after completing his training and founded his own silk spinning mill in Milan. His son Felix (Felice) Emil Scheibler (1856–1921) led his father's silk manufacture there to high esteem and was honored for his services on May 3, 1896 by King Umberto I with the elevation to the Italian nobility. The prestige of the company still bears witness to the representative "Villa Scheibler", which he acquired in 1880 and named after him, including an old park, which is currently home to various service centers for work, economy and the like after extensive restoration work.

Scheibler in Cologne

One of the younger Johann Heinrich's grandchildren, Carl Johann Heinrich Scheibler (1852–1920), did not participate in his father's business and, despite training as a silk manufacturer, initially switched to the “ Chemische Fabrik Vorster & Grüneberg ” as an authorized signatory , which in 1892 became Chemische Fabrik Kalk GmbH renamed. After intensive training by his relative, the aforementioned Berlin chemist Carl Bernhard Scheibler, Johann Carl Heinrich became a recognized expert in fertilizer production . He was a co-founder of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Thomasphosphatfabriken and also built up a worldwide sales network with numerous branches. His son Hans Carl Scheibler (1887–1963), married to Lotte Müller (* 1894), daughter of the shipowner Gustav Henry Müller, joined his father's company in 1906 and continued it after the death of his father integrated into Chemische Fabrik Kalk as a subsidiary. His son Christoph Scheibler (1920–2010) was an orderly officer with Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg during World War II and later, influenced by his great aunt Helene Kröller-Müller , also appeared as an abstract painting artist . Christoph's son from his second marriage, Aurel Scheibler (* 1960), became an art historian and gallery owner and opened the " Galerie Aurel Scheibler " for contemporary art in Cologne from 1991 , which he moved to Berlin in 2006 and with which he is a regular guest at international art fairs . In his third marriage, Christoph Scheibler married Elisabeth, b. Kerschbaumer (* 1927), the widow of the painter and graphic artist Ernst Wilhelm Nay .

Carl Johann Heinrich acquired the left part of the Red House in Monschau for his family branch in 1909 from his cousins ​​Bernhard Heinrich (1846–1918) and Alexander (1850–1929), who owned the right part of the house, which after the death of the Son Hans Carl in 1963 finally flowed in its entirety into the above-mentioned foundation. Both Carl Johann Heinrich Scheibler and his son Hans Carl, together with the last family member of the Monschau line of cloth manufacturers, the aforementioned Walter Scheibler and Elisabeth Nay-Scheibler, who was married to him, made a contribution to the history and genealogy of the family, built up the family archive and published it several writings on this.

Important personalities (selection)

Literature and sources (selection)

  • Hans-Joachim Ramm:  Scheibler, family. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 624 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Johann Arnold von Recklinghausen: Reformation history of the countries Jülich, Berg, Cleve and Meurs . Friedrich Amberger Verlag, Solingen / Gummersbach 1837
  • Hermann Friedrich Macco : Contributions to the genealogy of Rhenish noble and patrician families , Vol. 1 and 2. Aachen 1884/87
  • Carl Johann Heinrich Scheibler: History and genealogy of the Scheibler family . Cologne 1895. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-37081
  • Walter Scheibler: The history and fate of a company in six generations (1724–1937) . Aachen 1937
  • Hans Carl Scheibler and Karl Wülfrath : West German pedigrees . Weimar 1939
  • Walter Scheibler: On the 250th birthday of Johann Heinrich Scheibler, founder of the cloth industry . In: Das Monschauer Land , yearbook 1956
  • Walter Scheibler: 300 years of the Scheibler family in the Rhineland . In: Eifeljahrbuch , vol. 58
  • Elisabeth Nay-Scheibler: The story of the Scheibler family . In: Scheibler-Museum Rotes Haus Monschau Foundation (ed.), Cologne 1994
  • Josef Mangoldt: The rise and fall of the cloth industry in Monschau in the 18th and 19th centuries . In: Scheibler-Museum Rotes Haus Monschau Foundation . Cologne 1994
  • Landschaftsverband Rheinland: A society of migrants, small-scale migration and integration of textile workers in the Belgian-Dutch-German border region at the beginning of the 19th century . Transcriptverlag, Bielefeld 2008

Web links

Commons : Familie Scheibler  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Relationship to Goethe
  2. ^ Pastor Maximilian Scheibler in Monschau
  3. ↑ Scheibler on Haus Hülhoven ( Memento of the original dated February 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.huelhoven.de
  4. ↑ Report on Friedrich von Scheibler and his wife Luise in Iserlohn ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 377 kB) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kaffeestuebchen.eu
  5. ↑ Scheibler & Orth , Monschau
  6. ↑ Schmitzenof - Detailed description on "Rheinische Industriekultur"
  7. ↑ Tuchschererhaus Monschau - detailed description on "Rheinische Industriekultur"
  8. ↑ Scheiblerstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  9. ^ Accidental discovery of the Scheibler Chronicle in Krefeld
  10. ↑ Chronology J. Fr. Scheibler Tea-Import-Export
  11. ↑ Villa Scheibler in Milan ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 460 kB) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.milanoneicantieridellarte.it
  12. ↑ Impressions of the orderly officer Scheibler
  13. ↑ Christoph Scheibler in the Aurel Scheibler gallery
  14. ^ Gallery Aurel Scheibler