Johann Heinrich Scheibler (textile manufacturer, 1777)

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Johann Heinrich Scheibler (Krefeld)

Johann Heinrich Scheibler (born November 11, 1777 in Monschau ; † January 20, 1837 in Krefeld ) was a velvet and silk manufacturer in Krefeld. In addition, he became known as a self-taught music theorist .

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Johann Scheibler was the son of the cloth manufacturer Wilhelm Scheibler (1737–1797) and Theresia Elisabeth Böcking (1744–1812), daughter of the merchant and state cashier Johann Adolph Böcking from Trarbach / Mosel. He was also the grandson of the cloth manufacturer and builder of the Red House in Monschau, Johann Heinrich Scheibler, and nephew of Bernhard Georg von Scheibler, who was ennobled in 1781 . After his school days in Monschau, he traveled through several European countries in order to receive training at the most important centers of cloth manufacturing. He was particularly fascinated by silk production, which he studied in Italy.

After his return to Germany, Scheibler joined the “Rigal, Heydweiller & Cie.” Silk factory in Krefeld around 1796. Here he met his future wife Anna Katharina Heydweiller (1785–1846), the daughter of company boss Friedrich Heydweiller, whom he married a little later. In 1810 Heydweiller made him a partner and after the death of his father-in-law in 1834 Scheibler took over management of the company for a short time together with his brother-in-law Franz Heinrich Baron von Rigal. In the same year he founded the velvet and ribbon manufacturer “Scheibler & Co” with shares in the silk weaving mill “ Von der Leyen ”, which is also established in Krefeld . His four sons also joined his company during the same period, with Heinrich (1813–1878) and Robert Adolf Scheibler (1814–1875) serving as silk manufacturers, whereas the brothers Johann Friedrich (1807–1862) and Carl Ludwig Aurel Scheibler (1823–1905) as raw silk wholesalers were more responsible for import and export. Scheibler's company experienced a rapid upswing in the following years, of which Johann Heinrich Scheibler, who incidentally also raised silkworms himself , did not notice much anymore due to his sudden death in 1837 and only three years after his company was founded.

After his death, the "Scheibler & Co" company was continued by his descendants, with the exception of one of his grandchildren, the later Cologne industrialist in fertilizer production, Carl Johann Heinrich Scheibler . Other companies joined the Krefeld parent company in the following decades, such as the "Gebrüder Peltzer" velvet factory in 1965, whereupon the name was changed to "Scheibler & Peltzer GmbH". After the traditional company "Christoph Andreae" from Cologne with its worldwide sales network was finally taken over in 1985 and the group of companies was expanded by a further subsidiary, "Sametex" in Kraslice , the company became internationally active on a large scale. Due to the market situation, however, it could not be prevented from merging with the " Girmes-Werke Grefrath " in 1998 , which ultimately went into bankruptcy in 2003 .

In addition, through the generations of Johann Heinrich's son Johann Friedrich Scheibler and due to the professional contacts relating to silk imports from China, a tea trading company based in Hamburg that has been successful to this day has developed. The company is a member of the German Tea Association , in which members of the family regularly sit on the board.

For the services of Johann Heinrich Scheibler and his family to the city of Krefeld, a street was named after them in 1968.

Scheibler's preoccupation with acoustics

From his earliest youth, Scheibler showed a great interest in physics and especially in the area of acoustics , which attracted his special attention due to his versatile musical talent. Having first tried on his guitar, the fretboard for better mood new divide, he invented an instrument consisting of 20 coordinated in 1816 and attached to two wooden discs Jew's harps , which as a precursor of the harmonica was and to whom he gave the name "Aura". He even tuned them to different basic tones in order to enable chromatic tone sequences. Additional acoustic studies followed in other instruments, and finally him to succeed the invention of a new "Tonmessers ( monochord )," of having inter alia the accurate determination concert pitch (one-coated "a") to 440 hertz per second was possible. This achievement was recognized by the assembly of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in 1834 . Although the frequency of the concert pitch had meanwhile been fixed at 435 Hz by the Académie française in 1858 , in 1939 the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations in London reverted to Scheibler's 440 Hz, which is still valid today.

Thanks to his diverse contacts with virtuosos of his time, he found numerous interested users of his methods and many pianists and organists had their instruments tuned according to his specifications. Scheibler wrote down his findings in several publications that met with great interest. He received appreciative feedback from Louis Spohr , Sigismund von Neukomm , Ferdinand Ries , Ignaz Moscheles and Moritz Hauptmann , among others . Some took his knowledge into their own writings, such as Johann Gottlob Töpfer in his work: The Scheibler'sche Stimm-Methode, easily explained and applied in a new way, published by Körner in Erfurt 1842/3.

Works

  • The physical and musical sound meter, which ... ; GD Bädeker, Essen, 1834
  • About mathematical tuning, temperatures and organ tuning according to vibration differences or shocks , Krefeld, 1837

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Chronology J. Fr. Scheibler Tea-Import-Export