Carl Scheibler (chemist)

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Carl Scheibler

Carl Scheibler (born February 16, 1827 in Gemereth / Kettenis , † April 2, 1899 in Berlin ; full name Carl Wilhelm Bernhard Scheibler ) was a German chemist .

Life

The son of Friedrich August Theodor Scheibler (1788–1864) from the Scheibler family of cloth manufacturers known in Monschau and Eupen and Anna Gertrud Eschweiler (1806–1877) as well as a grandson of cookbook author Sophie Wilhelmine Scheibler was considered an important chemist in the field of sugar research. After school in Aachen and studying chemistry in Berlin, he worked as a chemist with Gustav Werther in Königsberg and from 1858 at the Pomeranian Provincial Sugar Boiler in Stettin .

In 1866, back in Berlin, he founded the private sugar chemistry and technical laboratory , which was also used as the laboratory of the Association for the Beet Sugar Industry of the German Empire on the basis of research funds and was called the Institute for the Sugar Industry , which was the first research facility in the food sector of the world. Scheibler was one of the founders of the German Chemical Society in Berlin and the Szczecin Department of the Polytechnic Society in 1867 . From 1870 he taught as a professor at the Gewerbeakademie Berlin and at the Agricultural University Berlin . In addition, he was a member of the Reich Patent Office from 1877 to 1882 .

From 1882, after disputes with the Association of the Sugar Beet Industry, Scheibler only continued his research laboratory on a private basis and was able to acquire a few lucrative patents here. For example, he gave his Cologne relative Carl Johann Heinrich Scheibler valuable help with his research in the field of fertilizer production and in 1888 he developed a simple process for Otto von Bismarck for the production of low-smoke powders .

In addition to his professional activities, Scheibler was often socially committed. In 1870, for example, he founded the Berlin Local Association for the Care of Wounded and Sick Warriors in the field , which later became the Berlin Medical Guard Institute , which he also headed for many years as President, and the Berlin Local Association for Rothen Kreuze . In 1889 Scheibler was appointed secret councilor for his services . In 1891 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . He also contributed to the development and development of the Baumschulenweg district . In 1905, a street in Berlin was named after him in his honor and his son Fritz.

He was married to Auguste von Riesen († 1892) and lived after the divorce from her from 1863 with his partner Charlotte Uterhardt (1845-1906). He and his wife had a son who died at an early age and with his partner he had five illegitimate children.

Carl Scheibler died in Berlin in 1899 at the age of 72. He was buried in the Old Twelve Apostles Cemetery in Schöneberg . The grave has not been preserved.

Scheibler's achievements in the field of sugar research

The special stamp from 1992 on the 125th anniversary of the founding of the Sugar Institute in Berlin shows silhouettes by Marggraf , Achard and Scheibler

After Scheibler had initially devoted himself to researching aluminum acetate and launched the antiseptic Scheibler's named after him on the market, he turned to sugar from his time in Stettin. In 1863 he invented the elution process to remove sugar from molasses and then researched the "non-sugar" contained in sugar beets . In doing so he discovered betaine , aspartic acid , glutamic acid , arabinose , arabinic acid , dextrans , glycerol phosphoric acid and cholesterol .

Scheibler developed, among other things, standard methods of sugar analysis such as the Soleil-Scheibler polarimeter or the Scheibler calcimeter . His technological work reached its peak in 1880 with the patenting and introduction of the Strontian process for desugarization of molasses.

Scheibler apparatus

Berlin memorial plaque in Berlin-Tiergarten (Derfflingerstraße 8)

The Scheibler apparatus is used to determine the carbonate content. A certain amount of a sample (mostly earth, building materials, but also water) is filled into a special glass vessel in which a vial is built. Dilute hydrochloric acid is filled into this vial . The substance to be tested is located around the vial. The reaction vessel is then connected to the Scheibler apparatus; this is a U-shaped bent glass tube that is filled with acidified water (so that no CO 2 is adsorbed). Alternatively, normal water can also be used in combination with a balloon built into the apparatus which absorbs the CO 2 . The reaction vessel is now tilted so that the hydrochloric acid flows from the vial onto the sample. The chemical reaction between the carbonate contained in the sample and the hydrochloric acid produces CO 2 , which displaces the liquid in the U-shaped bent glass tube. The amount of liquid displaced (volume of the developed CO 2 ) can be read on a scale and converted into the carbonate content of the sample; The temperature and air pressure dependence of the gas volume must be taken into account in the calculation. Scheibler's determination is still a standard method for determining carbonate in soils and sediments.

literature

Web links

Commons : Carl Scheibler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Member entry by Carl Scheibler at the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , accessed on June 21, 2016.
  2. ↑ Scheiblerstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  3. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 756.
personal data
SURNAME Scheibler, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheibler, Carl Bernhard Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1827
PLACE OF BIRTH Eupen
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1899
Place of death Berlin