Textile finishing
The textile finishing is an area of textile technology . It follows on from textile production and is in practice often interwoven with it in terms of process technology. For the most part, it uses chemical processes ( textile chemicals ), but purely mechanical and combined processes are also used, often together with thermal ones .
Demarcation
Above all, there are processes that are located between the manufacture and further processing of the textile. The finishing processes almost without exception affect textiles at the fiber level , i.e. microscopically and below, but with macroscopically recognizable consequences.
purpose
The aim of textile finishing is to complete the production cycle of textiles in the most varied of packaging forms (e.g. sliver , rope , spool ) in order to meet the required technological and chemical properties of their later application as well as possible.
Application and procedure
Finishing processes can be in any form:
- for fibers and threads ( yarns or twines )
- textile fabrics ( woven goods , knitted goods , nonwovens , felts )
- Mixed goods
- or on made-up articles .
respectively. Accordingly, the selection of suitable textile machines and systems is necessary.
Textiles are extremely diverse; just compare baby clothing, tarpaulins and awnings, fire protection blankets, clinical bandages, carpets and floor coverings, ship ropes, bed linen, etc. with one another.
Due to the variety of possible applications of textiles, the individual goals and processes of finishing are very different and therefore require a substrate and article-dependent combination of diverse processes that are sometimes repeated in the individual stages of textile production.
The textile finishing production step also includes quality control and classification of the raw material. The last process step in textile finishing (finishing) is quality control (fabric inspection) and the presentation of the mostly sheet-like textiles in pieces ready for dispatch. (Rolls, doubled wraps, etc.).
In general, textile finishing can be divided into the following process steps:
- Pretreatments like
- Coloring processes
-
Equipment by textile outfitters , including:
- impregnation
- Anti-crease equipment
- Soft handle finish
- Flame retardant equipment
- Olfactory equipment
- Anti-soiling equipment ( oliphobing )
- Biocidal equipment (e.g. to protect against fungi , moths , bacteria )
- Coating
- Final inspection, goods inspection
These basically take place one after the other, whereby, depending on the substrate, article and / or the desired effect, pretreatment and dyeing processes - rarely also dyeing and finishing processes - can be combined in one process step. A stringing together of different process steps or the repetition of a treatment that has already been carried out with different parameters is more the rule than the exception.
education
In addition to teaching as a textile finisher, there are courses in textile chemistry at the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences and the Hof / Münchberg University of Applied Sciences as well as at the University of Stuttgart , Denkendorf branch. Training courses and congresses are organized by the Association of German Textile Finishing Specialists (VDTF).
Peripheral areas
Some of the finishing processes are also used in the same or modified form for non-textile web or roll goods , for example embossing , dyeing and bleaching for paper and leather or calendering and printing for paper and plastics , and so on.