Shrinkage
The shrinking or Sanforisieren is a finishing process for fabrics and textiles from the most natural and / or synthetic fibers. The cloth is subjected to mechanical compression and shrinkage before being cut. This state is fixed and thus prevents the finished products from entering later and thus a later - undesired - dimensional change. As Monforisieren is the shrinking of polyester blended fabrics on Monforisatoren, special shrinkage ranges, respectively.
Shrinkage
In order to prevent subsequent shrinkage of textile products when exposed to water or heat, the shrinkage of the cloth is intentionally anticipated in an industrial process. First, a washing test is carried out on a sample to determine the actual extent of shrinkage. Due to the now measurable jump, the shrinking machine is stopped.
The cloth is fed continuously into the shrinking machine by means of a conveyor and is first moistened with water or steam . In the shrinking machine, a pressure roller presses a rubber band against a heated shrinking cylinder, the rubber band is pressed through and thereby stretched. The cloth, which is inevitably guided between the rubber band and the hot shrinking cylinder, must take part in the expansion of the rubber band and is stretched. After leaving the pressure zone, the stretched rubber band contracts again, the cloth takes part in this shortening and is pushed together, i.e. shrunk. The more the rubber band is pressed through by the shrinking cylinder, i.e. the greater the tension, the greater the subsequent relaxation and thus also the shrinking of the cloth. In this way the amount of shrinkage can be changed. After shrinking, the cloth is dried and the state it has now been established is fixed. A washing test is carried out again on a product sample and it is checked whether the dimensional stability meets the required limit values.
No chemicals are used in this process , the fabric is fixed solely by moisture, heat and pressure. Goods equipped in this way generally guarantee dimensional stability in the range of approximately ± 1% and are referred to as non-shrinkage or “low-shrinkage”. In the field of technical textiles in particular, for example in aircraft or automobile construction, fabrics are shrunk to a product protrusion of less than 0.3%.
Sanforize
One of the best-known equipment brands for shrink-proof textiles is the Sanfor process developed by the American Sanford L. Cluett (1874–1968) in the 1920s. The name "Sanfor" was derived from the first name of the inventor Sanford. He developed the first shrinking machine that worked similarly to the one described above. The Sanforized Company, a Division of Cluett, Peabody & Co. Inc., New York, USA , has been granting licenses to textile and clothing manufacturers since 1930 . They must contractually undertake to adhere to certain manufacturing and testing methods in their production and are then allowed to affix the Sanfor label to their products. Mostly cotton and cotton blends are sanforized . Sanfor, Sanforized and Sanforizado are registered trademarks of Cluett, Peabody & Co. Inc., New York , in various countries . In Switzerland and Germany, the Sanfor brand has been in the hands of GTB Holding Corp., New York, since 2005.
Sanfor-Plus
Sanfor-Plus and Sanfor-Plus 2 indicate additional easy-care equipment. After sanforizing, the textiles are treated with synthetic resins ( urea or melamine resins ) in order to improve their crease behavior and make the goods dirt-repellent. The formaldehyde-containing chemicals used can cause allergic skin reactions and are suspected of being carcinogenic.
Sanfor set
A Sanfor-Set label indicates an anti-crease finish . The textiles are treated with ammonia after sanforizing . This upgrading process requires wastewater treatment in order to avoid or reduce pollution of the wastewater .
Individual evidence
- ^ Alois Kießling and Max Matthes: Textile specialist dictionary , Verlag Schiele & Schoen, Berlin 1993. ISBN 9783794905461 , p. 256